Efeito do pisoteio animal acumulativo e da fenação nos parâmetros físicos do solo em área com sobressemeadura de misturas forrageiras de estação fria em pastagem de Tifton.

Os sistemas de manejo do solo e de pastagem implicam em mudanças nas propriedades físicas do solo a curto, médio e longo prazo, as quais podem ou não ser restritivas ao desenvolvimento do sistema radicular. Objetivou-se, a avaliação de parâmetros físicos do solo em pastagens de tifton 85 sobressemeado com espécies forrageiras de estação fria, em área pastejada no inverno e na primavera e destinadas a produção de feno no verão. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto Regional de Desenvolvimento Rural (IRDeR). O experimento foi disposto na forma de blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial triplo (2x3x4) constituído de 2 sistemas de manejo (com e sem pastejo), 3 consórcios (aveia preta + ervilhaca, aveia preta + trevo vesiculoso e aveia preta) e quatro camadas de profundidade, com três repetições. Foram coletadas amostras de solo em quatro camadas de profundidade do solo (0-0,05, 0,05- 0,10, 0,10-0,15, 0,15-0,20 m), em todos os tratamentos, para determinação da umidade gravimétrica, densidade de partícula e densidade do solo. A umidade volumétrica, porosidade total, espaço aéreo e o grau de saturação foram calculados. Não ocorreu diferença na porosidade total nas áreas com e sem pastejo, já para o espaço aéreo, houve diferença entre as mesmas. A área com pastejo apresentou maior espaço aéreo. A densidade de partícula foi menor na camada superficial do solo. A aveia preta proporcionou uma maior umidade gravimétrica na área de exclusão de pastejo. Os valores de densidade do solo e de espaço aéreo não são restritivos ao crescimento radicular em ambas as áreas

Endocrine, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses to clonidine in patients with panic disorder

We examines adrenergic regulation in patients with panic disorder by challenging 10 patients and 14 age-matched and sex-matched controls with intravenous infusions of clonidine hydrochloride (2 [mu]g/kg), an alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist. Growth hormone, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), blood pressure, heart rate, and behavioral (anxiety, sedation) responses were monitored. The data replicated the previously reported finding of blunted growth hormone (GH) responses to clonidine in patients with panic disorder. Reported abnormalities in MHPG, cardiovascular, and behavioral responses of panic patients to clonidine infusion were not replicated. The robustly blunted GH response to clonidine in panic patients supports the adrenergic dysregulation hypothesis of panic disorder, but alternative interpretations of this finding are available and further study is needed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29953/1/0000313.pd

Alpha2-adrenoceptor status in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Ten patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and 13 normal control subjects received intravenous infusions of 2 x 10-6 g/kg of clonidine and normal saline on separate days. Responses to the drug relating to plasma growth hormone (GH), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), heart rate, blood pressure, and several symptoms were determined. Additionally, platelet alpha2-adrenoceptor binding was measured in most of the subjects. GH, MHPG, blood pressure, and heart rate responses to clonidine did not differ between groups. As expected, patients reported more symptoms than normal subjects, and clonidine was sedating for both groups. Patients did not differ from normal subjects in the symptom response to clonidine. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) for tritiated clonidine was significantly greater in OCD patients than in normals. This pattern of alpha2-adrenoceptor status is different than the patterns in major depression and panic anxiety.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28569/1/0000372.pd

Synthesis, characterization and photoinduced CO-release by manganese(i) complexes

Herein, we report the CO-release activity of three new photoCORMs, two with nonbonding pyridine moieties and one with a benzyl group. The compounds [MnBr(CO)3(bpa-κ2)] (2, where bpa = N-benzyl(2-pyridylmethyl)amine); [MnBr(CO)3(pmpeaκ2)] (3, where pmpea = N-(2-pyridylmethyl)-N’-(2-pyridylethyl)amine) and [MnBr(CO)3(bpea-κ2)] (4, where bpea = N-bis(2- pyridylethyl)amine) were synthesized and characterized by common spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, IR). Density functional theory studies were also performed to provide new insights into the M–C bond and to assume the orbitals involved in the absorption transitions. Their CO-release activities were measured both in organic and in physiological media and compared to that of a previously published compound [Mn(CO)3(dpa-κ3)]Br (1, where dpa = N-bis(2- pyridylmethyl)amine). An increase in the number of members of the chelate from five to six, influenced the release of CO, affecting both the binding mode of the ligand and the CO-release process and affecting their potential use as potentials CO release carriers as therapeutic agents

Determinants and consequences of international migration

This chapter provides a simple overview of the canonical model of international migration, discusses the consequences of migration on both sending and receiving countries and draws some considerations on future research prospects for the international migration literature