Patrimoni e scopi. Per un'analisi economica delle fondazioni

Il volume raccoglie i contributi presentati al Primo Workshop sulle Fondazioni organizzato nel 2007 dal Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche e Finanziarie "G. Prato", presso la Facoltà di Economia dell'Università degli Studi di Torino. Il lavoro il tema delle fondazioni viene affrontato in chiave evolutiva, proponendo una classificazione che mette in luce la pluralità di esperienze, ovvero di patrimoni (ingenti e non) associati a differenti scopi.- Indice #7- Prefazione, Giovanni Zanetti #11- Introduzione Dalla «fondazione» alle «fondazioni»: un percorso di lettura, Gilberto Turati, Massimiliano Piacenza, Giovanna Segre #17- Parte prima Aspetti generali #31- Cap.I Fondazioni italiane: per una introduzione a beneficio degli inesperti curiosi, Marco Demarie #33- Cap.II Le fondazioni di origine bancaria: dalla nascita per caso all'esercizio dell'innovazione sociale, Gian Paolo Barbetta #59- Cap.III Quale valutazione per le fondazioni grant-making, Alberto Martini, Barbara Romano #87- Cap.IV Complementarità e/o sostituibilità tra le erogazioni delle fondazioni di origine bancaria e le politiche di spesa degli enti locali: il caso del Piemonte, Stefano Piperno, Federica Givone #107- Cap.V L'evoluzione della legislazione in materia di fondazioni di origine bancaria, Maura Leddi #135- Parte seconda Le esperienze #143- Cap.VI Una valutazione complessiva delle attività di erogazione delle fondazioni grant-making piemontesi, Angelo Miglietta #145- Cap.VII L'attività di una fondazione grant-making: l'esperienza della Compagnia di San Paolo, Flavio Brugnoli #159- Cap.VIII L'attività di una fondazione operativa nella cultura: la Fondazione Teatro Regio di Torino, Carlo Carrà #167- Cap.IX L'attività di una fondazione operativa nel sociale: la Fondazione Banco Alimentare Onlus, Roberto Cena #17

Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treatment of Severe ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Infections: A Multicenter Nationwide Clinical Experience (CEFTABUSE II Study)

Background. Few data are reported in the literature about the outcome of patients with severe extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) infections treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in empiric or definitive therapy.Methods. A multicenter retrospective study was performed in Italy (June 2016-June 2019). Successful clinical outcome was defined as complete resolution of clinical signs/symptoms related to ESBL-E infection and lack of microbiological evidence of infection. The primary end point was to identify predictors of clinical failure of C/T therapy.Results. C/T treatment was documented in 153 patients: pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (n = 46, 30%), followed by 34 cases of complicated urinary tract infections (22.2%). Septic shock was observed in 42 (27.5%) patients. C/T was used as empiric therapy in 46 (30%) patients and as monotherapy in 127 (83%) patients. Favorable clinical outcome was observed in 128 (83.7%) patients; 25 patients were considered to have failed C/T therapy. Overall, 30-day mortality was reported for 15 (9.8%) patients. At multivariate analysis, Charlson comorbidity index >4 (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.5; P = .02), septic shock (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.8-7.9; P < .001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9-5.3; P = .001) were independently associated with clinical failure, whereas empiric therapy displaying in vitro activity (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34; P < .001) and adequate source control of infection (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14-0.55; P < .001) were associated with clinical success.Conclusions. Data show that C/T could be a valid option in empiric and/or targeted therapy in patients with severe infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of clinical failure with standard-dose C/T therapy in septic patients receiving CRRT

The Sensitivity in Consumption of Different Vehicle Drivetrain Concepts Under Varying Operating Conditions: A Simulative Data Driven Approach

As an important aspect of today’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the energy demand of passenger cars is a subject of research. Different drivetrain concepts like plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV) are introduced into the market in addition to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) to address this issue. However, the consumption highly depends on individual usage profiles and external operating conditions, especially when considering secondary energy demands like heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). The approach presented in this work aims to estimate vehicle consumptions based on real world driving profiles and weather data under consideration of secondary demands. For this purpose, a primary and a secondary consumption model are developed that interact with each other to estimate realistic vehicle consumptions for different drivetrain concepts. The models are parametrized by referring to state of the art contributions and the results are made plausible by comparison to literature. The sensitivities of the consumptions are then analysed as a function of trip distance and ambient temperature to assess the influence of the operating conditions on the consumption. The results show that especially in the case of the BEV and PHEV, the trip distance and the ambient temperature are a first-order influencing factor on the total vehicle energy demand. Thus, it is not sufficient to evaluate new vehicle concepts solely on one-dimensional driving cycles to assess their energy demand. Instead, the external conditions must be taken into account for a proper assessment of the vehicle’s real world consumption