Percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo en el liminar anaeróbico en pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria

The study aimed to identify and compare the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) in healthy subjects and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 30 male subjects took part in the study and were divided into three groups: a control group (CG) composed of 10 healthy participants; a group composed of 10 participants diagnosed with CAD beta-blocker user (G-DACb); and a group composed of 10 participants with CAD non-beta-blocker user (G-DAC). The participants performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) with continuous type ramp protocol to determine the VAT, through the visual graphical analysis (loss of parallelism between the oxygen uptake and the carbon dioxide output). During CPET, before the end of each one-minute period, the subjects were asked to rate dyspnea (RPE-D) and leg fatigue (RPE-L) on the Borg CR-10 scale. After the VAT was determined, the score that the participants gave on the Borg CR10 scale was verified. CG participants showed higher workload, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, ventilation and heart rate at the VAT compared to the G-DAC and G-DACb (pEl objetivo del estudio fue identificar y comparar la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo (PSE) en el liminar anaeróbico ventilatorio (LAV) en sujetos sanos y con enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC). Fueron estudiados 30 hombres siendo10 sanos que constituyeron el grupo control (GC) y 20 diagnosticados con EAC, de los cuales 10 utilizaban medicamento betabloqueante (G-DACb) y 10 no utilizaban (G-DAC). Los voluntarios fueron sometidos a una prueba de ejercicio cardiopulmonar (TECP) con protocolo continuo tipo rampa para la determinación del LAV, a través del análisis gráfico visual (pérdida del paralelismo entre el consumo de oxígeno y producción de dióxido de carbono). Durante la realización del TECP, se pidió a los voluntarios que informaran al final de cada minuto la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo de los miembros inferiores (PSE-M) y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo respiratorio (PSE-R) a través de la escala de Borg CR-10. El GC presentó mayores valores de potencia, consumo de oxígeno, producción de dióxido de carbono, ventilación y frecuencia cardiaca en el LAV comparado con los grupos G-DAC y G-DACb (pO objetivo do estudo foi identificar e comparar a percepção subjetiva do esforço (PSE) no limiar anaeróbio ventilatório (LAV) em indivíduos saudáveis e com doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Foram estudados 30 homens, sendo 10 saudáveis que constituíram o grupo controle (GC) e 20 diagnosticados com DAC, dos quais 10 faziam uso de medicamento betabloqueador (G-DACb) e 10 não faziam uso (G-DAC). Os voluntários foram submetidos a um teste de exercício cardiopulmonar (TECP) com protocolo contínuo tipo rampa para determinação do LAV, através da análise visual gráfica (perda do paralelismo entre o consumo de oxigênio e a produção de dióxido de carbono). Durante a realização do TECP, foi solicitado aos voluntários que relatassem ao final de cada minuto a percepção subjetiva do esforço de membros inferiores (PSE-M) e a percepção subjetiva do esforço respiratório (PSE-R), através da escala CR-10 de Borg. O GC apresentou maiores valores de potência, consumo de oxigênio, produção de dióxido de carbono, ventilação e frequência cardíaca no LAV comparado aos grupos G-DAC e G-DACb (

Cardiovascular control in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: Do causal methods provide nonredundant information compared with more traditional approaches?

The cardiovascular autonomic control and the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) have been widely studied in FMS patients through the computation of linear indices of spontaneous heart period (HP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) variabilities. However, there are many methodological difficulties regarding the quantification of BRS by the traditional indices especially in relation to the issue of causality. This difficulty has been directly tackled via a model-based approach describing the closed loop HP-SAP interactions and the exogenous influences of respiration. Therefore, we aimed to assess if the BRS assessed by the model-based causal closed-loop approach during supine and active standing in patients with FMS could provide complementary information to those obtained by traditional indices based on time and frequency domains. The findings of this study revealed that, although the traditional methods to quantify BRS did not show any significant differences between groups, the causality analysis applied to the HP, SAP and respiratory series, through the model based closed loop approach, detected lower BRS in supine position as well as a blunted response to the orthostatic stimulus in patients with FMS compared to healthy control subjects. Also, the strength of the causal relation from SAP to HP (i.e., along the cardiac baroreflex) increased during the active standing only in the control subjects. The model-based closed-loop approach proved to provide important complementary information about the cardiovascular autonomic control in patients with FMS

Justification of suicide terrorism and the gendered interpretation. Case study: Al-Qaeda & ISIS

Terrorism has been a controversial and focal point for discussion with many perspectives on the subject.The objective of this thesis is to present the justifications of suicide terrorism, focusing on Al-Qaeda and ISIS in Iraq with a comparative analysis. The gendered interpretation is also taken into account to present how this contradicts female participation in terrorism. The purpose of this thesis is to engage in terrorism studies from a different perspective and stress the inclusion of the role of women as this is often underestimated and hence used strategically by terrorist groups. In terms of justifications, this thesis investigates the strategic, social and individual logics set out by Pape (2005) in order to analyse the different reasons behind suicide terrorism and how terrorist organizations can justify their acts in relation to the broader goal. The gendered interpretation concept refers to the existence of masculine and feminine ideals that are connected to specific roles and activities in society. In this sense, prejudice based on gender is often the result and women’s capabilities to perform an attack are underestimated. The similarities and differences of Al-Qaeda and ISIS are teased out in terms of deployment of women and logics of suicide terrorism. The findings show that foreign presence in Iraq tend to drive both terrorist groups to their acts to free the territories. By connecting the Islamic ideology to the organizations, recruitment and support among the communities are facilitated. Individual motivations to participate in terrorism are mostly related to identity and religious attachments. By referring to terrorism as a masculine activity, women’s capabilities are underestimated based on their image and traditional feminine ideals. Hence, the dangers of a gendered interpretation are presented as this strategy can be used by terrorist organizations to conduct deadly attacks with many casualties by deploying women suicide bombers

Influência da hidroterapia sobre a função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e mobilidade tóracoabdominal em mulheres com síndrome fibromiálgica

The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a rheumatologic condition characterized by non-inflammatory widespread chronic pain and tender points in specific anatomic locations. In addition to the pain symptoms, FMS is also associated with the presence of a variety of symptoms such as fatigue and dyspnea, which has called attention to the review of the respiratory system in women with FMS. Thus, this work consisted of two studies aiming to elucidate the unknown aspects related to the respiratory system of women with FMS. The Study I, entitled "Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: association with clinical manifestations", aimed to evaluate lung function, respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility as well as to assess possible associations of respiratory variables with clinical manifestations in women with FMS. The results show that the FMS group in this study has lower respiratory muscle endurance, inspiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility compared to healthy participants. In addition, the study demonstrated that the lower inspiratory muscle strength, the greater the number of tender points and fatigue and lower axillary mobility. The Study II, entitled "Influence aerobic hydrotherapy program on lung function, respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility in women with fibromyalgia syndrome: a randomized controlled trial", aimed to evaluate the influence of an aerobic hydrotherapy program on respiratory variables and clinical manifestations in women with FMS and assess the association between respiratory variables and clinical manifestations. The results show that a 16-week aerobic hydrotherapy program increased the slow vital capacity, the forced vital capacity, the inspiratory muscle strength, the thoracic mobility, the pressure pain threshold, well-being, and decreased pain, and limitations caused by physical aspects. Clinical improvement was not associated with the respiratory variables. Conclusion: The subjects with FMS had lower respiratory muscle endurance, inspiratory muscle strength and thoracic mobility compared to healthy subjects. In addition, a 16-week aerobic hydrotherapy program showed to be effective in ameliorating lung function, inspiratory muscle strength, thoracic mobility, pressure pain threshold, well-being, pain and limitations caused by physical aspects. However, clinical improvement of FMS symptoms was not associated with the improvement of respiratory variables.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)A síndrome fibromiálgica (SFM) é uma condição reumatológica, caracterizada por dor crônica difusa não inflamatória e tender points em locais anatômicos específicos. Além do quadro doloroso, a SFM também está associada à presença de uma variedade de sintomas como a fadiga e a dispneia, os quais têm chamado a atenção para a avaliação do sistema respiratório em mulheres com SFM. Assim, essa dissertação foi composta por dois estudos com o intuito de elucidar os aspectos desconhecidos relacionados ao sistema respiratório de mulheres com SFM. O Estudo I, intitulado “Função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e mobilidade tóracoabdominal em mulheres com síndrome fibromiálgica: associação com as manifestações clínicas”, teve como objetivo avaliar a função pulmonar, a força muscular respiratória e a mobilidade tóracoabdominal, bem como avaliar as possíveis associações das variáveis respiratórias com as manifestações clinicas em mulheres com SFM. Os resultados mostram que as voluntárias do grupo SFM estudadas apresentam menor endurance muscular respiratória, força muscular inspiratória e mobilidade torácica em relação às voluntárias saudáveis. Além disso, o estudo revelou que quanto menor a força muscular inspiratória, maior o número de tender points ativos e fadiga e menor a mobilidade axilar. O Estudo II, intitulado “Influência de um programa de hidroterapia aeróbio sobre a função pulmonar, força muscular respiratória e mobilidade tóracoabdominal em mulheres com síndrome fibromiálgica: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado”, teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de um programa de hidroterapia aeróbio sobre variáveis respiratórias e manifestações clínicas em mulheres com SFM, bem como avaliar a associação entre as variáveis respiratórias com as manifestações clínicas. Os resultados mostram que o programa de hidroterapia aeróbio de 16 semanas aumentou a capacidade vital lenta, a capacidade vital forçada, a força muscular inspiratória, a mobilidade torácica, o limiar de dor à pressão e o bem-estar, e reduziu a dor e a limitação por aspectos físicos. A melhora clínica não apresentou associação com as variáveis respiratórias. Conclusão: As voluntárias com SFM apresentam menor endurance muscular respiratória, força muscular inspiratória e mobilidade torácica em relação às voluntárias saudáveis. Além disso, um programa de hidroterapia aeróbio de 16 semanas promoveu melhora da função pulmonar, da força muscular inspiratória, da mobilidade torácica, do limiar de dor à pressão, do bem-estar, da dor e da limitação por aspectos físicos. No entanto, a melhora clínica da SFM não apresentou associação com a melhora das variáveis respiratórias

The Borg CR-10 scale is suitable to quantify aerobic exercise intensity in women with fibromyalgia syndrome

<div><p>ABSTRACT Patients with Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) report higher ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) compared to healthy individuals for the same exercise intensity; however, to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated RPE at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) for this population. This study aimed to assess RPE using the Borg CR-10 scale during a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in women with FMS. Twenty-four women with FMS and twenty healthy control subjects (HC) voluntarily participated in this study. Near the end of every 1-minute period during CPET, subjects were asked to report their RPE for fatigue in the lower limbs (RPE-L) and dyspnea (RPE-D), respectively, according to the Borg CR-10 scale. FMS subjects showed higher RPE-L and RPE-D compared to HC subjects at free wheel and at the first load increment. However, no significant difference was observed between groups for power output. There was no significant difference between groups for RPE-L and RPE-D reported at VAT and peak CPET. However, FMS subjects showed lower power output compared to HC subjects. The present results showed that FMS subjects present higher RPE compared to HC subjects. However, RPE reported at VAT and at peak CPET was not different between groups. The Borg CR-10 scale scores obtained at VAT can be used as an additional parameter for prescribing exercise intensity in aerobic training protocols for women with FMS.</p></div

Effects of a hydrotherapy programme on symbolic and complexity dynamics of heart rate variability and aerobic capacity in fibromyalgia patients

To evaluate the effects of a hydrotherapy programme on aerobic capacity and linear and non-linear dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) in women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)

Demographic characteristics of the FMS population in resting condition.

<p>Demographic characteristics of the FMS population in resting condition.</p

Linear correlation analysis of the cardiovascular control parameters on the FIQ score at REST and during STAND.

<p>Linear correlation analysis of the cardiovascular control parameters on the FIQ score at REST and during STAND.</p