Design Principals of Social Navigation

8th Delos Workshop on "User Interfaces for Digital Libraries" (on 21 October it will be held in conjuction with the 4th ERCIM Workshop on "User Interfaces for All"), SICS, Kista, Sweden, 21-23 October 1998PERSON

Nonlinear Interactions Between Gravitational Radiation and Modified Alfven Modes in Astrophysical Dusty Plasmas

We present an investigation of nonlinear interactions between Gravitational Radiation and modified Alfv\'{e}n modes in astrophysical dusty plasmas. Assuming that stationary charged dust grains form neutralizing background in an electron-ion-dust plasma, we obtain the three wave coupling coefficients, and calculate the growth rates for parametrically coupled gravitational radiation and modified Alfv\'{e}n-Rao modes. The threshold value of the gravitational wave amplitude associated with convective stabilization is particularly small if the gravitational frequency is close to twice the modified Alfv\'en wave-frequency. The implication of our results to astrophysical dusty plasmas is discussed.Comment: A few typos corrected. Published in Phys. Rev.

Time to intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients and its association with neurologic outcome: a propensity matched sub-analysis of the PRINCESS trial

© 2020, The Author(s). Purpose: To study the association between early initiation of intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia and neurologic outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: A prespecified sub-analysis of the PRINCESS trial (NCT01400373) that randomized 677 bystander-witnessed cardiac arrests to transnasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling initiated by emergency medical services or cooling started after hospital arrival. Early cooling (intervention) was defined as intra-arrest cooling initiated \u3c 20 min from collapse (i.e., ≤ median time to cooling in PRINCESS). Propensity score matching established comparable control patients. Primary outcome was favorable neurologic outcome, Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1–2 at 90 days. Complete recovery (CPC 1) was among secondary outcomes. Results: In total, 300 patients were analyzed and the proportion with CPC 1–2 at 90 days was 35/150 (23.3%) in the intervention group versus 24/150 (16%) in the control group, odds ratio (OR) 1.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95–3.85, p =.07. In patients with shockable rhythm, CPC 1–2 was 29/57 (50.9%) versus 17/57 (29.8%), OR 3.25, 95%, CI 1.06–9.97, p =.04. The proportion with CPC 1 at 90 days was 31/150 (20.7%) in the intervention group and 17/150 (11.3%) in controls, OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.12–4.62, p =.02. In patients with shockable rhythms, the proportion with CPC 1 was 27/57 (47.4%) versus 12/57 (21.1%), OR 5.33, 95% CI 1.55–18.3, p =.008. Conclusions: In the whole study population, intra-arrest cooling initiated \u3c 20 min from collapse compared to cooling initiated at hospital was not associated with improved favorable neurologic outcome. In the subgroup with shockable rhythms, early cooling was associated with improved favorable outcome and complete recovery

Effect of Trans-Nasal Evaporative Intra-arrest Cooling on Functional Neurologic Outcome in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest : The PRINCESS Randomized Clinical Trial

© 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Importance: Therapeutic hypothermia may increase survival with good neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. Trans-nasal evaporative cooling is a method used to induce cooling, primarily of the brain, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ie, intra-arrest). Objective: To determine whether prehospital trans-nasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling improves survival with good neurologic outcome compared with cooling initiated after hospital arrival. Design, Setting, and Participants: The PRINCESS trial was an investigator-initiated, randomized, clinical, international multicenter study with blinded assessment of the outcome, performed by emergency medical services in 7 European countries from July 2010 to January 2018, with final follow-up on April 29, 2018. In total, 677 patients with bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were enrolled. Interventions: Patients were randomly assigned to receive trans-nasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling (n = 343) or standard care (n = 334). Patients admitted to the hospital in both groups received systemic therapeutic hypothermia at 32°C to 34°C for 24 hours. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was survival with good neurologic outcome, defined as Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1-2, at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were survival at 90 days and time to reach core body temperature less than 34°C. Results: Among the 677 randomized patients (median age, 65 years; 172 [25%] women), 671 completed the trial. Median time to core temperature less than 34°C was 105 minutes in the intervention group vs 182 minutes in the control group (P < .001). The number of patients with CPC 1-2 at 90 days was 56 of 337 (16.6%) in the intervention cooling group vs 45 of 334 (13.5%) in the control group (difference, 3.1% [95% CI, -2.3% to 8.5%]; relative risk [RR], 1.23 [95% CI, 0.86-1.72]; P = .25). In the intervention group, 60 of 337 patients (17.8%) were alive at 90 days vs 52 of 334 (15.6%) in the control group (difference, 2.2% [95% CI, -3.4% to 7.9%]; RR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.81-1.57]; P = .44). Minor nosebleed was the most common device-related adverse event, reported in 45 of 337 patients (13%) in the intervention group. The adverse event rate within 7 days was similar between groups. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, trans-nasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling compared with usual care did not result in a statistically significant improvement in survival with good neurologic outcome at 90 days. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01400373.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Neutralisering av ogiltiga styrelsebeslut. Om aktiebolagsrättslig ratihabition och klander

I uppsatsen behandlas aktieägarnas bundenhet av styrelsens ogiltiga beslut främst utifrån ett ratihabitions- och klanderperspektiv. Uttryckt på annat sätt behandlas aktieägares möjlighet att neutralisera ett internt ogiltigt styrelsebeslut. Av betydande intresse är därför att redogöra för de situationer då ett styrelsebeslut anses internt ogiltigt samt att åskådliggöra skälen för detta. Bolagets förhållande till tredje man ges därför begränsat utrymme. Den avtalsrättsliga principen om ratihabition har ansetts tillämplig för de fall en bolagsföreträdare företagit en rättshandling utan att binda bolaget. I denna uppsats konstateras att aktiebolagslagens minoritetskyddande syfte får till följd att möjligheten att ratihabera avtal grundade på oförbindande styrelseåtgärder i första hand tillkommer aktieägarna. Utgångspunkten är att enhälligt aktieägarbeslut krävs i dessa fall. För det fall enhälligt aktieägarbeslut inte uppnås uppkommer fråga huruvida reglerna om klanderpreskription i 7 kap. 50 och 51 §§ ABL innebär att det tvistiga styrelsebeslutet ändå ratihaberas efter tre månader. I litteraturen och i avgöranden från underrätt går meningarna till viss del isär på denna punkt, men frågan kan komma att beröras och klargöras något för det fall Högsta domstolen meddelar prövningstillstånd i en närliggande fråga som överklagats i hovrätt. I viss mån kan bolaget också bindas genom konkludent ratihabition. I uppsatsen hävdas att konkludent ratihabition inte torde vara mer sällsynt än de fall då styrelsens ogiltiga beslut aldrig åberopas. Det förefaller därför troligt att konkludent ratihabition i praktiken är mer vanligen förekommande än explicit ratihabition genom uttryckligt aktieägarbeslut. Vidare behandlas möjligheten till klandertalan mot ogiltiga styrelsebeslut. Aktiebolagslagen inte innehåller några sådana regler. Frågan om aktieägares rätt att föra klandertalan mot styrelsebeslut har också behandlats av Svea hovrätt i det så kallade Burox-fallet. I litteraturen är frågan om ogiltiga styrelsebeslut och aktieägares talerätt mot dessa endast sparsamt behandlad. I uppsatsen motiveras frånvaron av klandermöjlighet bland annat med den grundläggande tanken om att en aktieägare inte ska kunna förmå en domstol att upphäva eller ändra ett styrelsebeslut. Vidare kan anföras att aktiebolagets hierarkiska uppbyggnad snarare tillerkänner bolagsstämman möjlighet att angripa det ogiltiga styrelsebeslutet. I uppsatsen har det dock ifrågasatts i vilken utsträckning ett sådant förfarande erbjuder ett reellt skydd för de enskilda aktieägarna. Slutsatsen blir snarare att aktieägarna främst har att söka reparera den skada som uppkommit genom att föra skadeståndstalan, antingen i bolagets namn eller för egen del, mot styrelsen och dess ledamöter

War economy? : How the private owned ammunitionfactory Norma Projectile AB in western Värmland was affected by the state during the period 1938-1943.

The topic of this essay is whether the private owned ammunition factory Norma Projectile AB was a part of a war economy system from 1938 to 1943. This is done by analyzing specific documents from the company´s archives that expose the connection with Swedish authorities. The selection and analysis of these documents are based on four main criteria’s of the concept war economy. These criteria’s are based on Ivan T. Berends texts about war economy. The results show that the factory to some extent was a part of a war economy based on these four criteria’s. However, the answer to the questions is a bit more nuanced. By nuanced I’m referring to the company’s independence towards the state. By the end of this essay there is a more detailed discussion on this subject.

Trådlös bränsletrycksövervakning

På bilar med insprutningsmotorer behövs oftast någon typ av justering av bränsletryck då olika typer av belastning behöver olika mycket bränsle. Mängden bränsle motorn får styrs till viss del av spridarnas öppentider samt storleken på spridarmunstyckena. Men öppentiderna kan inte vara hur långa som helst samt storleken på spridarmunstyckena kan inte vara allt för stor heller då man bara har en viss tid på sig att trycka in bränsle under insugstakten[1] samt att man inte vill trycka in allt för mycket bränsle heller beroende på belastningen på motorn. Just för den anledningen används oftasten bränsletrycksregulator för sänka bränsletrycket när belastningen är låg och höja bränsletrycket när belastningen är hög. De flesta bränsletrycksregulatorer som sitter som standard på bilar är inte justerbara utan har oftast bara ett fast arbetsområde som styrs med hjälp av vakuum. Börjar man ta ut mer effekt ur en motor kommer det att behövas mer bränsle och ett sätt att få in mer bränsle men ändå behålla spridare och bränslepump är att byta ut den fasta bränsletrycksregulatorn mot en justerbar vilket innebär att man kan ändra arbetsområdet för bränsletrycket och därigenom få in mer bränsle under samma öppentid på spridare, vilket kan behövas vid t.ex överladdning. Den här rapporten kommer gå igenom hur ett trådlöst övervakningssystem för kontroll av bränsletryck kan konstrueras

Berg- och dalbanan : En motivanalys av Försvarsmaktens nedrustning och upprustning 1999–2015

Between the 1950s and late 1990s the Swedish armed forces prepared for an invasion from the Soviet Union. However, after the cold war, the conditions changed, and the perceived threat slowly faded away. In lack of threats against the Swedish sovereignty, Swedish armed forces changed strategy. It led to extensive cuts in the Swedish army’s capability to defend the Swedish territory. The more extensive changes began in the late 1900s and in 2015, the Swedish government declared a military re-armament. This study is a comparative study of the justifications from the Swedish government for the changes in military capability. The propositions behind the defense acts of 2000, 2004, 2009 and 2015 represents the analysis material of this study. This study shows that the development of the security policy constituted the main justification for the disarming, as well as the military re-armament. The Swedish government has adapted its military capabilities according to how Russia has been acting militarily. The adaption has been made with respect to Russia’s current military capability. Thus, future changes in the Russian military strategy has been miscalculated. In addition to how Russia has been acting, disarmament has also been affected by other factors such as economy, culture and technology. The re-armament has also been affected by the defense’s low operational ability and increased need for cooperation capacity

Berg- och dalbanan : En motivanalys av Försvarsmaktens nedrustning och upprustning 1999–2015

Between the 1950s and late 1990s the Swedish armed forces prepared for an invasion from the Soviet Union. However, after the cold war, the conditions changed, and the perceived threat slowly faded away. In lack of threats against the Swedish sovereignty, Swedish armed forces changed strategy. It led to extensive cuts in the Swedish army’s capability to defend the Swedish territory. The more extensive changes began in the late 1900s and in 2015, the Swedish government declared a military re-armament. This study is a comparative study of the justifications from the Swedish government for the changes in military capability. The propositions behind the defense acts of 2000, 2004, 2009 and 2015 represents the analysis material of this study. This study shows that the development of the security policy constituted the main justification for the disarming, as well as the military re-armament. The Swedish government has adapted its military capabilities according to how Russia has been acting militarily. The adaption has been made with respect to Russia’s current military capability. Thus, future changes in the Russian military strategy has been miscalculated. In addition to how Russia has been acting, disarmament has also been affected by other factors such as economy, culture and technology. The re-armament has also been affected by the defense’s low operational ability and increased need for cooperation capacity