Una spiaggia policentrica : progetto di un sistema di centralita' urbane per la riqualificazione di Misano Adriatico

Il miglioramento dell’ambiente urbano e, in particolare, della qualità di vita dei cittadini, così come lo scriteriato consumo di territorio in favore della barbara cementificazione delle aree non edificate, sono diventate questioni di particolare rilievo nello scenario globale finalizzato al raggiungimento di un nuovo modello di sviluppo delle città. Gli abitanti dei centri urbani, oggi, sono costretti ad affrontare il sovraffollamento e i problemi ad esso connessi: il traffico, la congestione, l’inquinamento e gli effetti che questi fattori generano alla società. L’area oggetto di questa tesi, luogo a forte vocazione turistica, presenta questo tipo di problematiche soprattutto in corrispondenza della stagione estiva mentre, per il resto dell’anno, si trova ad affrontare il problema opposto di riduzione delle attività e dello spopolamento causate dalla stagionalità. L’espansione edilizia, avvenuta con estrema rapidità e durante un periodo caratterizzato da un forte sviluppo economico , non ha seguito gli indirizzi di un Piano che avrebbe se non altro evitato sprechi di territorio e una struttura così caotica. Tradizionalmente l’idea di densità è sempre stata considerata in maniera negativa rispetto alla questione urbana, in quanto simbolo di un uso intensivo e indiscriminato del territorio e causa della scarsa qualità di vita che caratterizza molte città. In realtà il concetto di densità può assumere un significato diverso: legato all’efficienza, alla qualità e alla sostenibilità. Densificare, infatti, secondo opportune linee guida e in relazione agli standard di qualità, significa sfruttare al meglio le risorse esistenti all’interno delle città, utilizzando il territorio senza sprechi e ricucendo le fratture in grado di generare situazioni di degrado ambientale. Un complesso e minuzioso processo di “densificazione” è in grado di apportare molti benefici al cittadino e alla comunità, come la trasformazione degli spazi inutilizzati o dismessi, la riduzione delle distanze e della mobilità veicolare, la limitazione dell’impatto energetico sull’ambiente e, non ultima, la promozione di una nuova immagine urbana connessa a nuove funzionalità e strutture. Densificare è però condizione necessaria ma non sufficiente per il miglioramento dell’ambiente urbano, infatti il termine “densità” non specifica nulla sul risultato qualitativo e quantitativo che si intende ottenere. “Creazione di un ambiente più propizio alla vita ed intenzionalità estetica sono i caratteri stabili dell’architettura; questi aspetti emergono da ogni ricerca positiva ed illuminano la città come creazione umana” . È in questo senso che deve essere letta la “densificazione” proposta da questa tesi per la riqualificazione di Misano Adriatico. Occorrerà riqualificare soprattutto quelle aree marginali del tutto prive dei requisiti urbani al fine di integrarle maggiormente al resto della città. A essa dovrà essere collegata una nuova visione di quelle che saranno le infrastrutture legate alla mobilità ed i servizi necessari alla vita della comunità. Essi non dovranno più essere visti come elementi di semplice collegamento o episodi isolati distribuiti a caso nel territorio, ma dovranno recuperare quell’importanza strategica che li portavano ad essere l’elemento catalizzatore e la struttura portante dell’espansione urbana. La riqualificazione della città sviluppata in questa tesi segue “la strategia dei luoghi complementari” teorizzata da O.M. Ungers secondo cui: “la città dei -luoghi complementari- è composta dal numero più grande possibile di aree diverse, nelle quali viene sviluppato un aspetto urbano particolare tenendo conto del tutto. In un certo senso è un sistema della -città nella città-. Ogni parte ha le sue proprie caratteristiche, senza però essere perfezionata e conclusa. […] Si cerca la molteplicità, la diversità, non l’unitarietà. La contraddizione, la conflittualità sono parte del sistema e rimangono insolute” . Il fine ultimo di questa tesi è quindi quello di proporre un’idea di città del nostro tempo, un prodotto complesso, non identificabile con un unico luogo ma con un insieme di luoghi che si sovrappongono e si integrano in maniera complementare mantenendo le peculiarità intrinseche del territorio a cui appartengono

Flying through congested airspaces: imaging of chronic rhinosinusitis

The complex regional anatomy of the nose and paranasal sinuses makes the interpretation of imaging studies of these structures intimidating to many radiologists. This paper aims to provide a key to interpretation by presenting a simplified approach to the functional anatomy of the paranasal sinuses and their most common (and most relevant) variants. This knowledge is basic for the full understanding of chronic rhinosinusitis and its computed tomography (CT) patterns. As fungal infections may be observed in the setting of chronic rhinosinusitis, these are also discussed. Chronic sinus inflammation produces bone changes, clearly depicted on CT images. Finally, clues to suspecting neoplastic lesions underlying inflammatory sinus conditions are provided

When IPPMs reduce uncertainty

The Intellectual Property (IP) management in Open Innovation (OI) is one of the most interesting topic in the literature: several authors have highlighted that IP protection mechanisms IPPMs can be useful in order to cope with uncertainty regarding the control over critical know-how, the management of both the background and the foreground knowledge, the property rights and the rights to use innovations, as well as the resolution of possible legal disputes. Our purpose is to identify how IPPMs should be combined along the collaboration phases in order to reduce uncertainty and if IPPMs should be differentiated depending on the different types of partners. On the basis of two case studies in two Italian companies, it emerges the importance to regulate the IP management since the early stages of the collaboration through contractual tools such as Non-Disclosure Agreement, Memorandum of Understanding, Joint Development Agreement, and Rights to Use. Hence, differently from the literature, case studies suggest that the Right to Use and the agreements governing the joint development should be defined in the exploration phase, in order to produce immediate effects in terms of uncertainty reduction. Once in the development phase, each partner will mostly monitor the other partners’ respect of such agreements

Fast Ultrahigh-Density Writing of Low Conductivity Patterns on Semiconducting Polymers

The exceptional interest in improving the limitations of data storage, molecular electronics, and optoelectronics has promoted the development of an ever increasing number of techniques used to pattern polymers at micro and nanoscale. Most of them rely on Atomic Force Microscopy to thermally or electrostatically induce mass transport, thereby creating topographic features. Here we show that the mechanical interaction of the tip of the Atomic Force Microscope with the surface of a class of conjugate polymers produces a local increase of molecular disorder, inducing a localized lowering of the semiconductor conductivity, not associated to detectable modifications in the surface topography. This phenomenon allows for the swift production of low conductivity patterns on the polymer surface at an unprecedented speed exceeding 20 $\mu m s^{-1}$; paths have a resolution in the order of the tip size (20 nm) and are detected by a Conducting-Atomic Force Microscopy tip in the conductivity maps.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures, published in Nature Communications as Article (8 pages

Technology assessment with IF-TOPSIS: An application in the advanced underwater system sector

Technologies are pivotal for firms' success, but also resource consuming. Therefore, managers have to assess and select technologies carefully in order to allocate resources on the most promising ones, grounding their decisions on adequate sets of criteria on which experienced people can express their opinion.This work proposes an application of Multi Criteria Decision Aids to technology assessment, where Decision Support Systems offer an effective support for evaluating technology impact on firms' success, building on experts' judgments.The method is based on a peer-based modification to Intuitionistic Fuzzy multi-criteria group decision making with TOPSIS method (peer IF-TOPSIS). A case study in which this methodology is applied to a company operating in the military sector (Advanced Underwater System) is also presented.Besides the empirical proof of the method's suitability and value in assisting managers in their decision, the paper's contributions are both methodological and theoretical. Methodologically, while allowing a peer-based voting procedure, the method enhances the consensus in the firm and limits the possible biases that a supra-decision maker could introduce. Theoretically, the set of proposed criteria includes many facets of the assessment problem, and avoids being tailored to the investigated technological field, so enhancing its generalizability

Non\u2011syndromic isolated dominant optic atrophy caused by the p.R468C mutation in the AFG3 like matrix AAA peptidase subunit 2 gene

Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is the most frequent form of hereditary optic atrophy, a disease presenting with considerable inter- and intra-familial clinical variability. Although a number of mutations in different genes are now known to cause DOA, many cases remain undiagnosed. In an attempt to identify the underlying genetic defect, whole exome sequencing was performed in a 19-year-old male that had been affected by isolated DOA since childhood. The exome sequencing revealed a pathogenic mutation (p.R468C, c.1402C>T) in the AFG3 like matrix AAA peptidase subunit 2 (AFG3L2) gene, a gene known to be associated with spinocerebellar ataxia. The patient did not show any signs other than DOA. Thus, the result demonstrates the possibility that mutations in the AFG3L2 gene may be a cause of isolated autosomal DOA

Thyroid cartilage infiltration in advanced laryngeal cancer: prognostic implications and predictive modelling

Objective: Detection of laryngeal cartilage invasion is of great importance in staging of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The role of prognosticators in locally advanced laryngeal cancer are still widely debated. This study aimed to assess the impact of volume of thyroid cartilage infiltration, as well as other histopathologic variables, on patient survival. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analysed 74 patients affected by pT4 LSCC and treated with total laryngectomy between 2005 and 2021 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery of the University of Brescia, Italy. We considered as potential prognosticators histological grade, perineural (PNI) and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI), thyroid cartilage infiltration, and pTN staging. Pre-operative CT or MRI were analysed to quantify the volume of cartilage infiltration using 3D Slicer software. Results: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease free survivals (DFS) were 76%, 66%, and 64%, respectively. Using machine learning models, we found that the volume of thyroid cartilage infiltration had high correlation with DFS. Patients with a higher volume (> 670 mm3) of infiltration had a worse prognosis compared to those with a lower volume. Conclusions: Our study confirms the essential role of LVI as prognosticator in advanced LSCC and, more innovatively, highlights the volume of thyroid cartilage infiltration as another promising prognostic factor

New frontiers in time-domain diffuse optics, a review

The recent developments in time-domain diffuse optics that rely on physical concepts (e.g., time-gating and null distance) and advanced photonic components (e.g., vertical cavity source-emitting laser as light sources, single photon avalanche diode, and silicon photomultipliers as detectors, fast-gating circuits, and time-to-digital converters for acquisition) are focused. This study shows how these tools could lead on one hand to compact and wearable time-domain devices for point-of-care diagnostics down to the consumer level and on the other hand to powerful systems with exceptional depth penetration and sensitivity

Effectiveness of valproate for the treatment of manic-like behavior in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

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Magnetic resonance imaging to assess cartilage invasion in recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after transoral laser microsurgery

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance (MR) with surface coils in assessing cartilage invasion in recurrent laryngeal carcinoma after carbon dioxide transoral laser microsurgery (CO2 TOLMS). Methods: Two expert head and neck radiologists assessed cartilage invasion (infiltrated or non-infiltrated) in submucosal recurrences of laryngeal carcinoma after CO2 TOLMS: results were compared with histopathological report after salvage laryngectomy. Results: Thirty patients met the inclusion criteria and 90 cartilages were assessed. Overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for cartilage infiltration were 76, 93, 72 and 94%, respectively; for thyroid cartilage, the values were 82, 79, 69 and 88% respectively; for cricoid cartilage, all values were 100%; and for arytenoids, the values were 33, 96, 56 and 93% respectively. Conclusions: MR with surface coils was able to detect most thyroid and cricoid infiltration in the complex setting of post-CO2 TOLMS laryngeal carcinoma recurrence. In particular, the optimal performance in assessing cricoid invasion can be valuable in choosing the most appropriate treatment among total laryngectomy, open partial horizontal laryngectomies and non-surgical strategies