Les discours éthiques de la mode : Entre réparation et renouveau des modèles

La mode est en train de se « convertir » – et pour cause : ce n’est pas un hasard en temps d’urgence – à une éthique écologique. Le thème choisi pour cette contribution est dicté par l’intention d’explorer le langage qu’utilise la mode éthique dans un corpus de textes de nature diverse ayant tous pour trame de fond un vocabulaire dont les connotations renvoient à un lexique de philosophie religieuse. L’hypothèse sous-jacente à cette recherche est qu’une partie de cet outillage discursif peut être intimement reliée à un discours moral, voire résolument spirituel. De la « conversion » écologique de la mode à la préconisation de pratiques quasi ascétiques devant déboucher sur un comportement plus responsable de consommateur non compulsif en passant par le pacte de la mode et tout le discours tournant autour de la deuxième vie à donner aux vêtements, le langage utilisé semble parsemé d’emprunts au corpus de la théologie. Voilà qui conférerait à la mode, déjà éthique par nature, la possibilité de se hisser au rang d’un modèle moral dont la compétence s’élargirait jusqu’à devenir nouvelle orthodoxie ou nouvelle orthopraxie. L’idée d’où est sortie La Contre-mode, de Monsieur de Fitelieu, texte de 1642, trouve des correspondances contemporaines dans le manifeste anti-mode de Lidewij Edelkoort, aussi bien que dans un nouveau discours prônant une consommation vestimentaire capable de prendre en compte la protection de la planète. Ainsi la mode serait au confluent de deux modèles : celui du discours éthique renouvelé et, parallèlement, un élément récurrent du cycle historique, s’il faut en croire Giambattista Vico (m. 1744), philosophe de l’histoire, qui, dans Corsi e ricorsi oppose à la mode et à son discours une autre mode et ses pratiques

Association of Upfront Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy With Progression-Free Survival Among Patients With Enteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

open57noIMPORTANCE Data about the optimal timing for the initiation of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) for advanced, well-differentiated enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are lacking. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of upfront PRRT vs upfront chemotherapy or targeted therapy with progression-free survival (PFS) among patients with advanced enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who experienced disease progression after treatment with somatostatin analogues (SSAs). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study analyzed the clinical records from 25 Italian oncology centers for patients aged 18 years or older who had unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated, grades 1 to 3 enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and received either PRRT or chemotherapy or targeted therapy after experiencing disease progression after treatment with SSAs between January 24, 2000, and July 1, 2020. Propensity score matching was done to minimize the selection bias. EXPOSURES Upfront PRRT or upfront chemotherapy or targeted therapy. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was the difference in PFS among patients who received upfront PRRT vs among those who received upfront chemotherapy or targeted therapy. A secondary outcome was the difference in overall survival between these groups. Hazard ratios (HRs) were fitted in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model to adjust for relevant factors associated with PFS and were corrected for interaction with these factors. RESULTS Of 508 evaluated patients (mean ([SD] age, 55.7 [0.5] years; 278 [54.7%] were male), 329 (64.8%) received upfront PRRT and 179 (35.2%) received upfront chemotherapy or targeted therapy. The matched group included 222 patients (124 [55.9%] male; mean [SD] age, 56.1 [0.8] years), with 111 in each treatment group. Median PFS was longer in the PRRT group than in the chemotherapy or targeted therapy group in the unmatched (2.5 years [95%CI, 2.3-3.0 years] vs 0.7 years [95%CI, 0.5-1.0 years]; HR, 0.35 [95%CI, 0.28-0.44; P < .001]) and matched (2.2 years [95% CI, 1.8-2.8 years] vs 0.6 years [95%CI, 0.4-1.0 years]; HR, 0.37 [95%CI, 0.27-0.51; P < .001]) populations. No significant differences were shown in median overall survival between the PRRT and chemotherapy or targeted therapy groups in the unmatched (12.0 years [95%CI, 10.7-14.1 years] vs 11.6 years [95%CI, 9.1-13.4 years]; HR, 0.81 [95%CI, 0.62-1.06; P = .11]) and matched (12.2 years [95% CI, 9.1-14.2 years] vs 11.5 years [95%CI, 9.2-17.9 years]; HR, 0.83 [95%CI, 0.56-1.24; P = .36]) populations. The use of upfront PRRT was independently associated with improved PFS (HR, 0.37; 95%CI, 0.26-0.51; P < .001) in multivariable analysis. After adjustment of values for interaction, upfront PRRT was associated with longer PFS regardless of tumor functional status (functioning: adjusted HR [aHR], 0.39 [95%CI, 0.27-0.57]; nonfunctioning: aHR, 0.29 [95%CI, 0.16-0.56]), grade of 1 to 2 (grade 1: aHR, 0.21 [95%CI, 0.12-0.34]; grade 2: aHR, 0.52 [95%CI, 0.29-0.73]), and site of tumor origin (pancreatic: aHR, 0.41 [95%CI, 0.24-0.61]; intestinal: aHR, 0.19 [95%CI, 0.11-0.43]) (P < .001 for all). Conversely, the advantage was not retained in grade 3 tumors (aHR, 0.31; 95%CI, 0.12-1.37; P = .13) or in tumors with a Ki-67 proliferation index greater than 10% (aHR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.29-1.43; P = .31). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, treatment with upfront PRRT in patients with enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who had experienced disease progression with SSA treatment was associated with significantly improved survival outcomes compared with upfront chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Further research is needed to investigate the correct strategy, timing, and optimal specific sequence of these therapeutic options.openPusceddu, Sara; Prinzi, Natalie; Tafuto, Salvatore; Ibrahim, Toni; Filice, Angelina; Brizzi, Maria Pia; Panzuto, Francesco; Baldari, Sergio; Grana, Chiara M.; Campana, Davide; Davì, Maria Vittoria; Giuffrida, Dario; Zatelli, Maria Chiara; Partelli, Stefano; Razzore, Paola; Marconcini, Riccardo; Massironi, Sara; Gelsomino, Fabio; Faggiano, Antongiulio; Giannetta, Elisa; Bajetta, Emilio; Grimaldi, Franco; Cives, Mauro; Cirillo, Fernando; Perfetti, Vittorio; Corti, Francesca; Ricci, Claudio; Giacomelli, Luca; Porcu, Luca; Di Maio, Massimo; Seregni, Ettore; Maccauro, Marco; Lastoria, Secondo; Bongiovanni, Alberto; Versari, Annibale; Persano, Irene; Rinzivillo, Maria; Pignata, Salvatore Antonio; Rocca, Paola Anna; Lamberti, Giuseppe; Cingarlini, Sara; Puliafito, Ivana; Ambrosio, Maria Rosaria; Zanata, Isabella; Bracigliano, Alessandra; Severi, Stefano; Spada, Francesca; Andreasi, Valentina; Modica, Roberta; Scalorbi, Federica; Milione, Massimo; Sabella, Giovanna; Coppa, Jorgelina; Casadei, Riccardo; Di Bartolomeo, Maria; Falconi, Massimo; de Braud, FilippoPusceddu, Sara; Prinzi, Natalie; Tafuto, Salvatore; Ibrahim, Toni; Filice, Angelina; Brizzi, Maria Pia; Panzuto, Francesco; Baldari, Sergio; Grana, Chiara M.; Campana, Davide; Davì, Maria Vittoria; Giuffrida, Dario; Zatelli, Maria Chiara; Partelli, Stefano; Razzore, Paola; Marconcini, Riccardo; Massironi, Sara; Gelsomino, Fabio; Faggiano, Antongiulio; Giannetta, Elisa; Bajetta, Emilio; Grimaldi, Franco; Cives, Mauro; Cirillo, Fernando; Perfetti, Vittorio; Corti, Francesca; Ricci, Claudio; Giacomelli, Luca; Porcu, Luca; Di Maio, Massimo; Seregni, Ettore; Maccauro, Marco; Lastoria, Secondo; Bongiovanni, Alberto; Versari, Annibale; Persano, Irene; Rinzivillo, Maria; Pignata, Salvatore Antonio; Rocca, Paola Anna; Lamberti, Giuseppe; Cingarlini, Sara; Puliafito, Ivana; Ambrosio, Maria Rosaria; Zanata, Isabella; Bracigliano, Alessandra; Severi, Stefano; Spada, Francesca; Andreasi, Valentina; Modica, Roberta; Scalorbi, Federica; Milione, Massimo; Sabella, Giovanna; Coppa, Jorgelina; Casadei, Riccardo; Di Bartolomeo, Maria; Falconi, Massimo; de Braud, Filipp

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Chapitre II. Une confrérie ottomane

Dans l’Anatolie ottomane des xvie et xviie siècles, les confréries soufies (tarika, pl. tarikat ; ar. tarîq, pl. turûq) occupent une place importante. C’est un creuset de voies initiatiques à la fois complexes et très vivantes. Hormis les provinces arabes où les confréries installées sont d’origine nord-africaine et irakienne, l’Empire ottoman, dans son espace anatolien, est surtout marqué par les voies d’Orient : la Yeseviye, la Nakşbendiye, la Kubreviye et la Kalenderiye. Jusqu’à une époque..

Chapitre VI. Anthropologie d’un rituel

Les pratiques soufies et surtout le sema fournissent des éléments importants pour une analyse de l’anthropologie du rituel soufi. La danse soufie a constitué un écueil majeur pour les docteurs de la Loi à différentes époques, surtout au xviie siècle qui marque le début d’un changement radical dans l’histoire de l’islam ottoman. Allié précieux lors de la constitution de l’Empire, le soufisme a vu progressivement ses liens avec le pouvoir ottoman se distendre, ce dernier s’inquiétant de la plac..

Chapitre IV. Des pratiques mevlevîes

Le mot « pratique », dérivé du grec prattein qui signifie « agir », a un large champ sémantique : comme adjectif, il s’oppose à « théorique », et dans ce sens, il peut indiquer la transformation de la nature (instrument pratique) ou la conduite morale (la « raison pratique » de Kant). En tant que substantif, le mot « pratique » s’oppose à la spéculation désignant ainsi l’expérience. Dans cette perspective, la signification de « pratique » religieuse va de la participation à la vie d’une commu..

Invisible Dress: Weaving a Theology of Fashion

This article establishes the framework for a (Christian) theology of fashion, the development of which comes under a research project set up between Luxembourg (Luxembourg School of Religion & Society) and Paris (Collège des Bernardins). The text is structured around three areas: the first reveals how theology can accommodate in its field of thought both the idea of dress (also viewed in terms of its materiality) and the way in which modern society experiments with it: fashion. For as much as theological discourse, particularly Christian, might have shown itself to be critical regarding modern day fashion, it has nevertheless failed to come up with any real theological reflection on the subject. The second area aims to explore responsible ethics for fashion. Often moralising, the attitude of Christian theology needs to give way to an ethical and—vitally—ecological analysis of the effects of fashion in today’s world. Clothing might still cover people’s bodies, but the issue is not restricted to an individual moral point of view, and extends to the social rules of an ethic that is also one of environmental responsibility. Finally, the totally new perspective that I adopt for outlining these areas requires the aesthetics of dress and fashion to be addressed from a theological point of view. For all its rich history, theological aesthetics has hardly ever concerned itself with developing an aesthetic discourse for dress and fashion, other than for liturgical and religious attire. Once these three new research perspectives have been discussed, I want to outline another field of study, in itself extremely fertile: a treasure trove of metaphors and analogies that would be very useful in theological thinking, adding to its inventory terms originating in the uncovering and stripping away of old ways of thinking that no longer convey in contemporary language the mystery that it is meant to clothe

Chapitre V. Le sema entre codification et défense

Dans la confrérie des derviches tourneurs, le sema et sa célébration dans la mukabele jouent un rôle de première importance parmi les pratiques et les rituels mystiques. Le sema, trop souvent associé aux seuls derviches tourneurs, a une longue histoire tant chez les mevlevîs que dans les autres confréries. Le vocabulaire mystique Le zikr vocal, le raks, le devran et le sema appartiennent au vocabulaire des pratiques mystiques. Ces termes furent souvent interprétés négativement par les docteur..

Conclusion

La conscience, fondée ou non, mais diffusée chez les Ottomans eux-mêmes, de traverser une période de décadence et de déclin de l’Empire aura beaucoup pesé sur les débats autour des pratiques soufies et jusque sur la vision même du soufisme aux xvie et xviie siècles. Cela explique en partie les attaques que des prédicateurs intransigeants, les Kadızadelis, ont menées contre les soufis et leurs pratiques, car celles-ci constituaient, à leurs yeux, l’une des causes de la décadence morale et, par..

Introduction

Mevlâna Celâleddin Rumi (1207-1273) (en transcription arabe et persane Mawlânâ Jalâl al-Dîn Rûmî) est considéré par les uns comme l’inspirateur, par les autres comme le fondateur de la confrérie musulmane Mevleviye (en arabe Mawlâwiyya), plus connue en Occident sous le nom de « derviches tourneurs ». Grâce aux récits des voyageurs occidentaux qui ont arpenté les régions gouvernées par les Ottomans, les soufis et surtout les derviches tourneurs n’ont cessé de frapper l’imagination des Européen..