Digital Platforms for Renewable Energy Communities Projects: An Overview

The European Union energy policy agenda of achieving the transition to carbon neutrality has been established by an important legislative package called "Clean Energy for all Europeans". A novel approach introduced was to put the citizen at the center of the energy transition. On one side, by powering his freedom of action and, on the other side, by asking him an exceptional engagement in energy consumption reduction activities and in participating in the investments for new distributed Renewable Energy Sources (RES) power plants. The Renewable Energy Communities (REC) is the policy framework used to implement this strategy introduced by the Renewable Energy Directive Recast (RED II). In particular, RECs promote citizen’s active role by encouraging energy consumption reduction and energy demand flexibility while reducing the Not In My Bachyard (NIMBY) effect towards RES. Each member state is transposing the RED II directive, adapting it to national legislation and energy transition strategy. Pioneers countries like Italy have already started the experimentation of this framework and developing the first pilot projects. The citizens’ interest and their will to participate in REC projects indicate the need for supporting tools guiding them along all the project development stages: “design”, “creation”, and “operation”. This work presents three categories of supporting digital tools and platforms required to develop REC projects: Commercial, EU Founded and Freeware. We analyzed 30 tools, evaluating the services provided in each of the different stages of REC project implementation

Green synthetic fuels: Renewable routes for the conversion of non-fossil feedstocks into gaseous fuels and their end uses

Innovative renewable routes are potentially able to sustain the transition to a decarbonized energy economy. Green synthetic fuels, including hydrogen and natural gas, are considered viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Indeed, they play a fundamental role in those sectors that are di cult to electrify (e.g., road mobility or high-heat industrial processes), are capable of mitigating problems related to flexibility and instantaneous balance of the electric grid, are suitable for large-size and long-term storage and can be transported through the gas network. This article is an overview of the overall supply chain, including production, transport, storage and end uses. Available fuel conversion technologies use renewable energy for the catalytic conversion of non-fossil feedstocks into hydrogen and syngas. We will show how relevant technologies involve thermochemical, electrochemical and photochemical processes. The syngas quality can be improved by catalytic CO and CO2 methanation reactions for the generation of synthetic natural gas. Finally, the produced gaseous fuels could follow several pathways for transport and lead to different final uses. Therefore, storage alternatives and gas interchangeability requirements for the safe injection of green fuels in the natural gas network and fuel cells are outlined. Nevertheless, the effects of gas quality on combustion emissions and safety are considered

Francobollo celebrativo del Liceo Scientifico C. Cavour di Roma (2001)

Scheda relativa al francobollo celebrativo del Liceo Scientifico C. Cavour di Roma emesso nel 200

Francobollo celebrativo del Liceo Ginnasio Giuseppe Parini di Milano (1989)

Scheda relativa al francobollo celebrativo del Liceo Ginnasio Giuseppe Parini di Milano emesso nel 198

Francobollo commemorativo di Maria Montessori (1970)

Scheda relativa al francobollo commemorativo di Maria Montessori emesso nel 197

Francobollo commemorativo di Vittorino da Feltre (1978)

Scheda relativa al francobollo commemorativo di Vittorino da Feltre emesso nel 197

Francobollo celebrativo dell’Istituto d’Arte di Urbino (1999)

Scheda realtiva al francobollo celebrativo dell'Istituto d’Arte di Urbino emesso nel 199

Lapide a Giuseppe Cesare Abba a Brescia (1926)

Scheda relativa alla lapide a Giuseppe Cesare Abba, opera di Giuseppe Brigoni, inaugurata a Brescia nel 192

Francobollo celebrativo del Liceo Ginnasio Bernardino Telesio di Cosenza (1990)

Scheda relativa al francobollo celebrativo del Liceo Ginnasio Bernardino Telesio di Cosenza emesso nel 199

Francobollo celebrativo del Liceo Ginnasio D.A. Azuni di Sassari (1991)

Scheda relativa al francobollo celebrativo del Liceo Ginnasio D.A. Azuni di Sassari emesso nel 199