Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) nymphs on orange fruit: importance of the second generation for its management

Kelly’s citrus thrips Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a new pest of oranges in New Zealand, southern Australia, and the Mediterranean Basin. The nymphs of this thrips can damage the fruit from petal fall up to 6 wk later. Because there is a lack of information on its management, the aims of this study were to determine the number of generations occurring on the fruit and the efficacy of 3 insecticides (chlorpyrifos, spinosad, and spirotetramat) to control this pest. Chlorpyrifos and spinosad displayed a high efficacy against nymphs and reduced significantly the percentage of damaged fruit when a single generation of P. kellyanus attacked the fruit. However, these insecticides did not prevent development of a subsequent generation of P. kellyanus. The percentage of damaged fruit was higher when the 2nd generation was present. Spirotetramat did not display a knockdown effect, and its efficacy was less than that of chlorpyrifos and spinosad. Similar to these insecticides, spirotetramat did not prevent the attack of a 2nd generation when it occurred. Additionally, we analyzed the side effects of these treatments on predatory mites. Spinosad and spirotetramat negatively affected these beneficial species.Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) es una nueva plaga de cítricos en Nueva Zelanda, el sur de Australia y la Cuenca del Mediterráneo. Las ninfas de estos trips pueden dañar los frutos desde la caída de pétalos hasta sesi semanas después. A pesar de los estudios realizados sobre esta plaga y que hasta ahora sólo es posible su control mediante insecticidas, la información para realizar un adecuado manejo integrado es insuficiente. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el número de generaciones que pueden encontrarse sobre el fruto y la eficacia de tres insecticidas (clorpirifos, spinosad y spirotetramat) con diferente modo de acción en el control de esta plaga y los efectos secundarios sobre fitoseidos en cítricos. Clorpirifos y spionsad tuvieron una elevada eficacia contra ninfas y redujeron significativamente el porcentaje de frutos dañados cuando fueron atacados por una sola generación. Sin embargo, su actividad no pudo prevenir el ataque de una siguiente generación de P. kellyanus. Además, el pordentaje de frutos dañados aumentó cuando se detectó esta segunda generación. Spirotetramat no tuvo un efecto de choque y su eficacia fue menor que la de clorpirifos y spinosad. Al igual que estos insecticidas, spirotetramat no pudo evitar un segundo ataque cuando se produjo. Los efectos secundarios evaluados de estos tratamientos sobre fitoseidos mostraron que spinosad y spirotetramat les afectaron negativamente

Evaluating three-pillar sustainability modelling approaches for dairy cattle production systems

Milk production in Europe is facing major challenges to ensure its economic, environmental, and social sustainability. It is essential that holistic concepts are developed to ensure the future sustainability of the sector and to assist farmers and stakeholders in making knowledge-based decisions. In this study, integrated sustainability assessment by means of whole-farm modelling is presented as a valuable approach for identifying factors and mechanisms that could be used to improve the three pillars (3Ps) of sustainability in the context of an increasing awareness of economic profitability, social well-being, and environmental impacts of dairy production systems (DPS). This work aims (i) to create an evaluation framework that enables quantitative analysis of the level of integration of 3P sustainability indicators in whole-farm models and (ii) to test this method. Therefore, an evaluation framework consisting of 35 indicators distributed across the 3Ps of sustainability was used to evaluate three whole-farm models. Overall, the models integrated at least 40% of the proposed indicators. Different results were obtained for each sustainability pillar by each evaluated model. Higher scores were obtained for the environmental pillar, followed by the economic and the social pillars. In conclusion, this evaluation framework was found to be an effective tool that allows potential users to choose among whole-farm models depending on their needs. Pathways for further model development that may be used to integrate the 3P sustainability assessment of DPS in a more complete and detailed way were identified. © 2021 by the authors.This study was financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) under grant number 2819ERA08A (MilKey project, funded under the Joint Call 2018 ERA-GAS, SusAn and ICT-AGRI 2 on ?Novel technologies, solutions and systems to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in animal production systems?). BC3-Research is supported by the Spanish Government through Mar?a de Maeztu excellence accreditation 2018-2022 (Ref. MDM-2017-0714) and by the Basque Government through the BERC 2018-2021 program. Agustin del Prado is financed through the Ramon y Cajal program by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (RYC-2017-22143)

Heat stress effects in milk yield and milk traits at farm scale

This study was funded by ERA44-OPTIBARN-BC3 project.Galán, E.; Sanchís Jiménez, EM.; Estellés, F.; Calvet, S.; Del Prado, A. (2016). Heat stress effects in milk yield and milk traits at farm scale. Advances in Animal Biosciences. 7(3):238-239. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040470016000261S2382397

Tonsilolito gigante: a propósito de un caso

Los tonsilolitos son pequeñas concreciones calcificadas que se forman en las criptas de las amígdalas palatinas formados por sales cálcicas o en combinación con otras sales minerales y que suelen tener pequeño tamaño. En pocas ocasiones han sido descritos tonsilolitos de grandes dimensiones o en localizaciones periamigdalinas. Nosotros presentamos el caso de una mujer de 55 años de edad que tenía sintomatología de disfagia y molestias en la faringe con sensación de cuerpo extraño desde había un año aproximadamente aunque últimamente se habían agudizado las molestias. A la exploración se palpaba una tumoración dura a nivel submucoso en el paladar blando a nivel del pilar amigdalino anterior derecho. El pilar parecía algo abombado, palpándose dicha tumoración como una lesión de consistencia dura y que en superficie presentaba la mucosa algo eritematosa. La tomografía computadorizada mostraba una imagen ovalada delimitada y muy calcificada de gran tamaño (2,5x1,5 cm). Se procedió a la exéresis quirúrgica de dicha estructura.Tonsilloliths or tonsil stones are calcifications that form in the crypts of the palatal tonsils. These calculi are composed of calcium salts either alone or in combination with other mineral salts, and are usually of small size though there ha ve been occasional reports of large tonsilloliths or calculi in peritonsillar locations. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with a one-year history of dysphagia and pharyngeal discomfort with a foreign body sensation, though the manifestations had recently intensified. Exploration of the oral cavity revealed a hard bulging submucosal mass in the region of the soft palate, at right anterior tonsillar pillar level. The mucosa overlying the lesion appeared erythematous. Computed tomography revealed a large, delimited and highly calcified oval image measuring 2.5 x 1.5 cm, which was subsequently surgically removed

Column aerosol characterization in a semi‐arid region around Marrakech during the WATERMED 2003 campaign

In the framework of the WATERMED (WATer use efficiency in natural vegetation and agricultural areas by Remote sensing in the MEDiterranean basin) project, an experimental field campaign was carried out in a semi‐arid region near Marrakech, Morocco, during March 2003. This work focused on the columnar aerosol characterization from spectroradiometric and photometric measurements of direct solar irradiance and sky radiance at ground level. The results show a high dependence of the aerosol optical properties on the air masses present in the area. Two periods with different aerosol loads were observed in the campaign. In the first, Atlantic‐origin aerosols showed a marine particle accumulation mode combined with a dominant mode corresponding to coarse particles of local origin. In the second period the synoptic situation changed towards a Saharan+Atlantic origin, the Atlantic influence persisting at altitude while at lower levels the presence of air masses proceeding from the Saharan desert was observed. This dry air carried a large quantity of mineral particles that increased the area's turbidity, leading to a substantial increase in the volume of the whole distribution, a displacement of the accumulation mode radius towards higher values and an increasingly evident spread of the coarse particle mode, although the radius remained the same as that in the first period of the campaign

Evaluation of the new ESR network software for the retrieval of direct sun products from CIMEL CE318 and PREDE POM01 sun-sky radiometers

The European Skynet Radiometers network (EuroSkyRad or ESR) has been recently established as a research network of European PREDE sun-sky radiometers. Moreover, ESR is federated with SKYNET, an international network of PREDE sun-sky radiometers mostly present in East Asia. In contrast to SKYNET, the European network also integrates users of the CIMEL CE318 sky–sun photometer. Keeping instrumental duality in mind, a set of open source algorithms has been developed consisting of two modules for (1) the retrieval of direct sun products (aerosol optical depth, wavelength exponent and water vapor) from the sun extinction measurements; and (2) the inversion of the sky radiance to derive other aerosol optical properties such as size distribution, single scattering albedo or refractive index. In this study we evaluate the ESR direct sun products in comparison with the AERosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) products. Specifically, we have applied the ESR algorithm to a CIMEL CE318 and PREDE POM simultaneously for a 4-yr database measured at the Burjassot site (Valencia, Spain), and compared the resultant products with the AERONET direct sun measurements obtained with the same CIMEL CE318 sky–sun photometer. The comparison shows that aerosol optical depth differences are mostly within the nominal uncertainty of 0.003 for a standard calibration instrument, and fall within the nominal AERONET uncertainty of 0.01–0.02 for a field instrument in the spectral range 340 to 1020 nm. In the cases of the Ångström exponent and the columnar water vapor, the differences are lower than 0.02 and 0.15 cm, respectively. Therefore, we present an open source code program that can be used with both CIMEL and PREDE sky radiometers and whose results are equivalent to AERONET and SKYNET retrievals

Evaluación de distintas estratégias de manejo químico del piojo rojo de California, Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell)

El piojo rojo de California, Aonidiella aurantii, es una plaga clave en el cultivo de los cítricos. Por lo general, esta plaga se combate realizando una aplicación fitosanitaria en primera generación y, si es necesario, otra en segunda generación alternando los insecticidas clorpirifos y piriproxifén. En este trabajo se han evaluado diversas estrategias de control basadas en la utilización de dos insecticidas, piriproxifén y spirotetramat, aplicados en dos épocas distintas, salida del invierno y primera generación de A. aurantii. El trabajo se ha realizado en un campo de cítricos con un elevado nivel de infestación de A. aurantii en la cosecha anterior. Ambos insecticidas alcanzaron eficacias elevadas en cosecha, tanto cuando se aplicaron en primera generación, como a la salida del invierno. El porcentaje de destrío se redujo hasta un 100 % con spirotetramat y 86 % con piriproxifén en primera generación respecto al año anterior. Por otro lado, las aplicaciones a la salida del invierno también resultaron eficaces y redujeron el porcentaje de destrío en más de un 66 %. Además, la eficacia de spirotetramat aplicado en invierno redujo el número medio de escudos por fruto en un 80 %. Por lo tanto, los tratamientos en invierno aparecen como una alternativa interesante en la gestión de A. aurantii porque además de reducir significativamente sus poblaciones, pueden tener menores efectos secundarios sobre la fauna útil tan abundante y beneficiosa en nuestros cítrico

Quinolones in goats' milk: Effect on the cheese-making process, chemical and microbial characteristics of acid-coagulated cheeses

[EN] The effect of the presence in goats' milk of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on cheese-making and the characteristics of acid-coagulated cheeses was evaluated. Raw goats' milk was spiked with quinolones at maximum residue limit concentration (100 ¿g kg¿1). For each antibiotic, three batches of cheese were made by acid coagulation (pH 4.6) using a commercial starter culture. Cheese-making process, gross composition and microbial counts in the cheeses were unaffected by the presence of quinolones in milk. However, relatively high amounts of these substances were retained in the cheeses, with residual concentrations of 146.5 ± 4.9 ¿g kg¿1 and 150.7 ± 25.7 ¿g kg¿1 for enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively, after 20 days of maturation. Results suggest that the use of goats' milk containing legally admissible amounts of enrofloxacin and/or ciprofloxacin would have no impact on cheese manufacturing, composition and microflora of acid-coagulated cheese. However, the transfer of these substances to the final products could compromise consumer safety.The authors are grateful for the financial support by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Madrid, Spain) project AGL-2013-45147-R.Beltrán Martínez, MC.; Sanna, A.; Molina Pons, MP.; Quintanilla, P.; Montes-Estellés, RM. (2023). Quinolones in goats' milk: Effect on the cheese-making process, chemical and microbial characteristics of acid-coagulated cheeses. International Dairy Journal. 138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.10553813

Retrieval of characteristic parameters for water vapour transmittance in the development of ground based Sun-Sky radiometric measurements of columnar water vapour

Sunsky radiometers are instruments created for aerosol study, but they can measure in the water vapour absorption band allowing the estimation of columnar water vapour in clear sky simultaneously with aerosol characteristics, with high temporal resolution. A new methodology is presented for estimating calibration parameters (i.e. characteristic parameters of the atmospheric transmittance and solar calibration constant) directly from the sunsky radiometer measurements. The methodology is based on the hypothesis that characteristic parameters of the atmospheric transmittance are dependent on vertical profiles of pressure, temperature and moisture occurring at each site of measurement. To obtain the parameters from the proposed methodology some seasonal independent measurements of columnar water vapour taken over a large range of solar zenith angle simultaneously with the sunsky radiometer measurements, are needed. In this work high time resolution columnar water vapour measurements by GPS were used as independent data set, but also the case when such measurements are not available was considered by developing the surface humidity method (SHM). This methodology makes it possible to retrieve the needed independent data set of columnar water vapour using the standard surface meteorological observations (temperature, pressure and relative humidity) more readily available. The time pattern of columnar water vapour from sunsky radiometer retrieved using both the methodologies was compared with simultaneous measurements from microwave radiometer, radiosondings and GPS. Water vapour from sunsky radiometer, obtained using GPS independent measurements, was characterized by an error varying from 1% up to 5%, whereas water vapour from SHM showed an error from 1% up to 11%, depending on the local columnar water occurring at the site during the year. These errors were estimated by comparing water vapour series from sunsky radiometer against measurements taken by GPS at a nearby station. The accordance between retrievals from sunsky radiometer and simultaneous measurements from the other instruments was found always within the error both in the case of SHM and of the GPS independent data set. Water vapour obtained using characteristic parameters of the atmospheric transmittance dependent on water vapour was also compared against GPS retrievals, showing a clear improvement with respect to the case when these parameters are kept fixed

Time-domain phenomenological model of gravitational-wave subdominant harmonics for quasicircular nonprecessing binary black hole coalescences

In this work we present an extension of the time domain phenomenological model IMRPhenomT for gravitational wave signals from binary black hole coalescences to include subdominant harmonics, specifically the $(l=2, m=\pm 1)$, $(l=3, m=\pm 3)$, $(l=4, m=\pm 4)$ and $(l=5, m=\pm 5)$ spherical harmonics. We also improve our model for the dominant $(l=2, m=\pm 2)$ mode and discuss mode mixing for the $(l=3, m=\pm 2)$ mode. The model is calibrated to numerical relativity solutions of the full Einstein equations up to mass ratio 18, and to numerical solutions of the Teukolsky equations for higher mass ratios. This work complements the latest generation of traditional frequency domain phenomenological models (IMRPhenomX), and provides new avenues to develop computationally efficient models for gravitational wave signals from generic compact binaries