På hvilke måter kan jeg som sykepleier bidra til å etablere og opprettholde et terapeutisk forhold til jenter med diagnosen anoreksia?

Tema: Anoreksia er en psykisk lidelse som gir fysiske symptomer, og hele 90 % av de som rammes er kvinner. Funn viser at det har vært en betydelig økning av sykdommen de siste 50 årene, noe som tilsier at sykepleiere trolig vil møte disse pasientene i praksis. Jeg har valgt å skrive om anoreksia fordi dette er en kompleks sykdom som fanger min interesse. Temaet og fokuset i oppgaven er sykepleiers terapeutiske forhold til jenter med anoreksia. Problemstilling: På hvilke måter kan jeg som sykepleier bidra til å etablere og opprettholde et terapeutisk forhold til jenter med diagnosen anoreksia? Hensikt: Hensikten er å tilegne meg kunnskap om hvilke aspekter av sykepleie som er viktig i det terapeutiske forholdet til jenter med anoreksia. Jeg ønsker å øke min forståelse på dette området slik at jeg kan bruke denne kunnskapen i praksis. Metode: Oppgaven er en systematisk litteraturstudie. Resultat: Funn viser at gode relasjoner danner grunnlaget for forholdet mellom sykepleier og pasient. Empati, tillit, kommunikasjon, støtte og tilgjengelighet er vesentlige faktorer som spiller en viktig rolle i det terapeutiske forholdet

Bruk og etterbruk av rensefisk i norsk lakseoppdrett fra et samfunnsøkonomisk perspektiv

Bruk av rensefisk, spesielt rognkjeks (Cyclopterus lumpus), i norsk lakseoppdrett har økt kraftig som følge av strengere miljøkrav og økende kostnader til lusebekjempelse. Mange oppdrettere opplever en god effekt av metoden, men samtidig skaper den utfordringer. I merden sammen med laks er rensefisk utsatt for stress, sykdommer og skader, noe som fører til høy dødelighet. I tillegg er praksisen med destruering av fisk etter bruk omstridt. Vi bidrar til diskusjon om bruk av rensefisk med en samfunnsøkonomisk analyse gjennomført etter krav i Utredningsinstruksen. Studien viser at det er stor usikkerhet ved kvantifisering av effektene for oppdrettere, miljø, fiskevelferd og leverandører. Velferd av rensefisk er betydelig redusert mens bidrag til lusebekjempelse for hele industrien ikke er bekreftet. Metodiske implikasjoner for måling av samfunnsnytten av tiltak i miljøforvaltningen er drøftet.publishedVersio

Drivers and consequences of partial migration in an alpine bird species

1. Partial migration, where a portion of the population migrates between win-ter and summer (breeding) areas and the rest remain year- round resident, is a common phenomenon across several taxonomic groups. Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain why some individuals migrate while others stay resident, as well as the fitness consequences of the different strategies. Yet, the drivers and consequences of the decision to migrate or not are poorly understood.2. We used data from radio- tagged female (n= 73) willow ptarmiganLagopus lago-pus in an alpine study area in Central Norway to test if (i) the decision to migrate was dependent on individual state variables (age and body weight), (ii) individu-als repeated migratory decisions between seasons, and (iii) the choice of migra-tory strategy was related to reproductive success.3. Partially supporting our prediction that migratory strategy depends on in-dividual state, we found that juvenile birds with small body sizes were more likely to migrate, whereas large juveniles remained resident. For adult females, we found no relationship between the decision to migrate or stay resident and body weight. We found evidence for high individual repeatability of migratory decision between seasons. Migratory strategy did not explain variation in clutch size or nest fate among individuals, suggesting no direct influence of the chosen strategy on reproductive success.4. Our results indicate that partial migration in willow ptarmigan is related to juve-nile body weight, and that migratory behavior becomes a part of the individual life history as a fixed strategy. Nesting success was not affected by migratory strategy in our study population, but future studies should assess other traits to further test potential fitness consequences. alpine wildlife, eco-evolution, Lagopus lagopus, migrationpublishedVersio

Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety. 22 November 2007. Risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in fish liver

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New WHO TEFs for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs: Assessment of consequence of altered TEF values for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs on current exposure in the Norwegian population

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Comments on proposed maximum levels for dioxin-like PCBs in Food. Panel on Contaminants Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

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Comments on proposed maximum levels for dioxin-like PCBs in Food. Panel on Contaminants Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

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Regulated mitochondrial DNA replication during oocyte maturation is essential for successful porcine embryonic development.

Cellular ATP is mainly generated through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, which is dependent on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We have previously demonstrated the importance of oocyte mtDNA for porcine and human fertilization. However, the role of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial replication factors during oocyte and embryo development is not yet understood. We have analyzed two key factors, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and polymerase gamma (POLG), to determine their role in oocyte and early embryo development. Competent and incompetent oocytes, as determined by brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) dye, were assessed intermittently during the maturation process for TFAM and POLG mRNA using real-time RT-PCR, for TFAM and POLG protein using immunocytochemistry, and for mtDNA copy number using real-time PCR. Analysis was also carried out following treatment of maturing oocytes with the mtDNA replication inhibitor, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC). Following in vitro fertilization, preimplantation embryos were also analyzed. Despite increased levels of TFAM and POLG mRNA and protein at the four-cell stage, no increase in mtDNA copy number was observed in early preimplantation development. To compensate for this, mtDNA appeared to be replicated during oocyte maturation. However, significant differences in nuclear-encoded regulatory protein expression were observed between BCB(+) and BCB(-) oocytes and between untreated oocytes and those treated with ddC. These changes resulted in delayed mtDNA replication, which correlated to reduced fertilization and embryonic development. We therefore conclude that adherence to the regulation of the timing of mtDNA replication during oocyte maturation is essential for successful embryonic development

Risk assessment of dioxins, furans, and dioxin-like PCBs in food in Norway - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Contaminants of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

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