Limnologische Untersuchungen am Hochwasserrückhaltebecken Alfhausen/Rieste : die Situation des Alfsees in den Jahren 1984 und 1985 ; mit 3 Tabellen

Der als Hochwasserrückhaltebecken künstlich angelegte Alfsee wird seit seiner Inbetriebnahme im Jahre 1982 regelmäßig amtlich untersucht. Zusätzlich zu den chemischphysikalischen Messungen wurden 1984/85 das Phyto- und Zooplankton und die Unterwasserflora und -fauna bearbeitet. Damit konnte ein Ausschnitt aus der Entwicklung eines sehr jungen Gewässers dokumentiert werden. Der Alfsee ist ein stark mit Nährstoffen belasteter Flachsee, der sich bereits zu einem polytrophen, artenreichen System entwickelt hat. Bemerkenswert ist die üppige Unterwasservegetation mit einer entsprechenden, individuenreichen Benthosfauna. - Der Entwicklunqsprozeß ist sicher noch nicht abgeschlossen: In der Biocönose fehlen noch z. T. weit verbreitete und in anderen Gewässern häufige Arten

On the problem of supersonic gas flow in two-dimensional channel with the oscillating upper wall

In the present paper we solve the problem of supersonic gas flow in two-dimensional channel with the moving upper wall making oscillations according to the harmonic law. In order to get a numerical solution for gas dynamics equations we have implemented a difference scheme with space and time approximation of the first order and one with space approximation of the second order. Depending on a type of harmonic law and initial gas inflow conditions, the peculiarities of angle-shock wave propagation in moving curvilinear domains have been investigated. It has been determined that the increase of oscillation amplitude causes the increase of shock wave intensity. It has been shown that under particular oscillation amplitude the moving wall has practically no effect on the flow within the domain

Genome-wide association analysis of genetic generalized epilepsies implicates susceptibility loci at 1q43, 2p16.1, 2q22.3 and 17q21.32

Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) have a lifetime prevalence of 0.3% and account for 20-30% of all epilepsies. Despite their high heritability of 80%, the genetic factors predisposing to GGEs remain elusive. To identify susceptibility variants shared across common GGE syndromes, we carried out a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 3020 patients with GGEs and 3954 controls of European ancestry. To dissect out syndrome-related variants, we also explored two distinct GGE subgroups comprising 1434 patients with genetic absence epilepsies (GAEs) and 1134 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME). Joint Stage-1 and 2 analyses revealed genome-wide significant associations for GGEs at 2p16.1 (rs13026414, Pmeta = 2.5 × 10−9, OR[T] = 0.81) and 17q21.32 (rs72823592, Pmeta = 9.3 × 10−9, OR[A] = 0.77). The search for syndrome-related susceptibility alleles identified significant associations for GAEs at 2q22.3 (rs10496964, Pmeta = 9.1 × 10−9, OR[T] = 0.68) and at 1q43 for JME (rs12059546, Pmeta = 4.1 × 10−8, OR[G] = 1.42). Suggestive evidence for an association with GGEs was found in the region 2q24.3 (rs11890028, Pmeta = 4.0 × 10−6) nearby the SCN1A gene, which is currently the gene with the largest number of known epilepsy-related mutations. The associated regions harbor high-ranking candidate genes: CHRM3 at 1q43, VRK2 at 2p16.1, ZEB2 at 2q22.3, SCN1A at 2q24.3 and PNPO at 17q21.32. Further replication efforts are necessary to elucidate whether these positional candidate genes contribute to the heritability of the common GGE syndrome

16p11.2 600 kb Duplications confer risk for typical and atypical Rolandic epilepsy

Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is the most common idiopathic focal childhood epilepsy. Its molecular basis is largely unknown and a complex genetic etiology is assumed in the majority of affected individuals. The present study tested whether six large recurrent copy number variants at 1q21, 15q11.2, 15q13.3, 16p11.2, 16p13.11 and 22q11.2 previously associated with neurodevelopmental disorders also increase risk of RE. Our association analyses revealed a significant excess of the 600 kb genomic duplication at the 16p11.2 locus (chr16: 29.5-30.1 Mb) in 393 unrelated patients with typical (n = 339) and atypical (ARE; n = 54) RE compared with the prevalence in 65 046 European population controls (5/393 cases versus 32/65 046 controls; Fisher's exact test P = 2.83 × 10−6, odds ratio = 26.2, 95% confidence interval: 7.9-68.2). In contrast, the 16p11.2 duplication was not detected in 1738 European epilepsy patients with either temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 330) and genetic generalized epilepsies (n = 1408), suggesting a selective enrichment of the 16p11.2 duplication in idiopathic focal childhood epilepsies (Fisher's exact test P = 2.1 × 10−4). In a subsequent screen among children carrying the 16p11.2 600 kb rearrangement we identified three patients with RE-spectrum epilepsies in 117 duplication carriers (2.6%) but none in 202 carriers of the reciprocal deletion. Our results suggest that the 16p11.2 duplication represents a significant genetic risk factor for typical and atypical R

Konzeption zur beruflichen Fortbildung im Umweltschutz fuer die neuen Bundeslaender

IAB-93-3120-53 AX 464 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

First Epileptic Seizure and Epilepsy in Adulthood

Background The manuscript is a current and significantly expanded version of the 2012 German Society of Neurology (DGN) Guidelines for the First Epileptic Seizure and Epilepsy in Adulthood. The goal of these guidelines is to summarize the present situation with regard to diagnostics and therapy along with the available scientific literature and thereby improve the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and contribute towards their standardization. The guidelines pertain exclusively to those epilepsies in adulthood. Children's epilepsies will not be included, nor will status epilepticus or seizures resulting from an immune-mediated disease of the brain as these types of epilepsies already have their own set of DGN guidelines. Methodology The guideline committee is comprised of neurology experts possessing special expertise in the area of epilepsy, as well as clinicians and independent physicians. In addition to the German Society of Neurology (DGN), the German Society of Neurosurgery (DGNC), the Austrian Chapter of the International League Against Epilepsy, the Swiss League Against Epilepsy as well as the Luxemburg Society of Neurology also participated. Special care was taken to also include younger members on the editorial board. Literature that has been published since the 2012 edition was issued has been examined and incorporated in the current edition. The methodology utilized for guideline development is in accordance with standardized consensus techniques like a modified Delphi process (submission of previously produced text or tables, multi-step written questioning techniques, feedback process, participant information about the group responses, discussion of all comments and, if appropriate, the subsequent revisions; group members are able to examine a comparison of their statements). The consensus process corresponds to the rules of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF) and the DGN in order to address conflicts of interests. Results The most important new feature is the development of a new epilepsy definition. A substantially new aspect of this definition is the question of whether or not epilepsy can be resolved. Also included is a new version of the classification for seizures and epilepsies which essentially corresponds to the 1989 version. The most important therapeutic development since the 2012 edition has been the significant expansion of the anticonvulsive medication spectrum. New medications have been approved (Perampanel, Brivaracetam) or have extended their approval (Zonisamide, Lacosamide, Eslicarbazepine acetate). The administration of Valproic Acid to women and children is being viewed ever more critically. The guidelines explain, in detail, the problems related to treating women with epilepsy. In addition to drug therapy, operative therapies and stimulation procedures are also covered. Psycho-social aspects, driving ability, education, vocation as well as the problems that arise when discontinuing medication after years of seizure freedom are more extensively discussed. Also, new sections on mortality, first-aid measures, and acute symptomatic seizures have been added. A single chapter has been devoted to pharmacokinetics and addresses the interactive potential of anti-epileptic drugs with other medications as well as the possible influence on vitamin and hormone levels. In particular, therapies for malignant diseases can be critically influenced by interactions