Prishtina International Airport: capacity expansions and service standards : [presentation given August 20, 2010]

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Determination of volatile aroma compounds in fresh Origanum vulgare and Hyssopus officinalis: Headspace GC/FID/MS profile

Origanum vulgare and Hyssopus officinalis are important aromatic and medicinal plants. The chemical composition of the volatile aroma compounds was defined in the fresh aerial part of Origanum vulgare (f-O) and Hyssopus officinalis (f-H), collected in Valbona (Albania). The analysis were made by gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC/FID/MS) on HP5-ms column and equipped with automated headspace (HS) system. 0,3 g fresh plant material (homogenized samples from flower, leaf and stem) was put in sealed vials, heated (80 ͦC) and the gas phase was investigated. Total of 21 individual volatile aroma compounds were identified in f-O sample, 14 monoterpenes (78.35%) and 7 sesquiterpenes (3.03%). Dominant components were monoterpene hydrocarbons: sabinene (55.05%), trans-β-ocimene (5.19%) and γ-terpinene (4.05%), followed by cis-sabinene hydrate, α-terpinene and β-pinene. In f-H sample were identified 16 individual volatile aroma components, 11 monoterpenes (84.51%) and 5 sesquiterpenes (0.29%). The major components were monoterpene hydrocarbons: β-pinene (48.66%) and cispinocamphone (29.77%), followed by α-pinene and α-thujen

An update of reported potential side effects for selected drugs based on WHO pharmacovigilance database

Adverse reactions of drugs can decrease compliance and delay recovery. Therefore, it is crucial to consider potential side effects when choosing particular drugs. Analyzing the World Health Organization (WHO) pharmacovigilance database (Vigibase®), we collected Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) of selected drugs reported for decades. Common side effects of omeprazole are renal and urinary disorders (18%), gastrointestinal disorders (15%), nervous system disorders (7%), cardiac disorders (2%). For ranitidine, neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (73%), followed by skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (4%), vascular disorders (1%) were among reported ADRs. Ramipril caused respiratory system and breast disorders (15%), nervous system disorders (10%), cardiac disorders (10%). Atenolol mostly is associated with cardiac disorders (13%) and psychiatric disorders (6%). Paracetamol side effects counts gastrointestinal disorders (10%) hepatobiliary disorders (5%), immune system disorders (2%). Nimesulide usage may cause blood and lymphatic system disorders (2%), cardiac disorders (2%), ear and labyrinth disorders (1%). For ketoprofene, potential side effects are skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders (31%), nervous system disorders (5%), eye disorders (4%). Even though there is no perfect drug that works quickly and completely free of adverse reaction, aim is to choose safer drugs, better tolerated, and associated with lower rate of noncompliance

UPDATES ON MANAGEMENT OF GASTRIC CANCER IN KOSOVO

One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is gastric cancer. In order to choose the best course of treatment for gastric adenocarcinoma, a multidisciplinary approach is essential. Systemic chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy have all demonstrated efficacy in this disease. The usual cytotoxic chemotherapy for localized disease may have reached a plateau with the acceptance of triplet chemotherapy for resectable gastric cancer. Molecular subtype classification of gastric cancer is opening the door to individualized treatment. Systemic therapy approaches are becoming more and more driven by biomarkers, particularly microsatellite instability (MSI), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), tumor mutation burden, and Epstein-Barr virus. These biomarkers enable the identification of populations most likely to benefit from immunotherapy and targeted therapy. The less differentiated histologic subtypes of gastric cancer and those without indicators of immunotherapy activity nonetheless present significant research prospects

The Distribution of Metals in Sediments of the Likova, Kumanova and Pçinja Rivers: Spring Season

The pollution of rivers is an important issue because the utilization of polluted water has a direct effect on the health of people and other living beings, economy, etc. Sediments represent a very suitable indicator for monitoring and detecting pollution sources of river waters. The aim of this study is to analyze the contents of selected metals in the sediments of the rivers Likova, Kumanova and Pçinja rivers. The water samples were taken in June 2014 from six sampling stations. Several physico-chemical parameters of rivers were determined and the contents of twenty-two metals was indicated in the sediment samples taken from these rivers. The obtained physico-chemical quality of the water from these rivers resulted in classification to the first/second category. The sediments were mostly polluted by Al, Ca, Na and Mg. The metals that exceeded the Dutch standard were: Ba, Ni, Zn, Cr and Cu. The order of metals in sediments was as follows: Fe > Al > Ca > Na > Mg > K > Mn > Ba > Sr > Cr > Zn > V > Ni > Cu > Pb > Li. The study results reveal a mild pollution in rivers caused by urban, agricultural and industrial activities

Utilization of antidiabetic medicines in Republic of Kosova

Diabetes is a common disease among the Kosovo population, and in cases where chronic patients experience comorbidities, it can be severe and fatal. In the last three years, some new medicines have been registered in Kosovo Medicines Agency for the treatment of diabetes (oral medicines and new analog insulins) that aim the better outcomes for the treatment of the patients. This study aims to analyze the drug utilization of antidiabetic medicines in Kosovo and compare the pre-pandemics utilization and with that in other countries. Another objective is to compare the essential medicines list revision of 2019 and the consumption trend due to the changes on the new list. The methodology of drug consumption is based on the WHO ATC/DDD system, with results shown in DDD/inhabitant/day (DID). Preliminary results show that Kosovo is also moving with new medicines, but with much slower budget possibilities and a lack of health insurance. The introduction of analog insulins in the essential medicines list and obtaining marketing authorization for some other new oral antidiabetics have open possibilities for patients to access these medicines. However, data show a need for the intervention of clinical pharmacists in the medication review for more rational use of antidiabetic medicines

Distribution of total phenols and flavonoids in flowers and leaves of Sambucus nigra from Kosovo

Sambucus nigra is very popular medicinal plant widely used in many parts of the world in herbal medicine and kitchen. Almost every part of this plant has some usages and have been well known due to their extraordinary properties. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determinated in methanolic extracts of flowers and leaves of Sambucus nigra collected in eleven different localities in Kosovo. The TPC in methanolic extract of flower and leaf was expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of sample (mg GAE/g DW) and ranged from 30.78±0.18 (SN9-FL) to 48.59±0.31 mg GAE/g DW (SN7-FL) and from 25.55±0.28 (SN9-LE) to 48.80±0.18 mg GAE/g DW (SN8-LE), respectively. The TFC of these extracts was expressed as mg of quercetine equivalents/g dry weight of sample (mg QE/g DW) and ranged from 1.18±0.12 (SN9-FL) to 8.29±0.10 mg QE/g DW (SN11-FL) for the flower and from 1.61±0.09 (SN9-LE) to 6.81±0.67 mg QE/g DW (SN7-LE) for the leaf

DETERMINATION OF MACRONUTRIENTS, MICRONUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF SAMBUCUS NIGRA FROM KOSOVO

The aim of this study was the determination of macroelements, microelements, heavy metals, and potentially toxic elements in spontaneous leaves and flowers of Sambucus nigra collected in different localities in Kosovo. The plant material was air-dried, packed in paper bags, and kept in a dark and cold place until analysis. Samples were digested in a microwave system by the wet digestion method. The minerals were determined by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) method and inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. The leaves exhibit a very similar mineral profile to the flowers of S. nigra. Variation in the content of the elements between leaves and flowers of S. nigra was observed with respect to geographical localities

Total content of phenolics and flavonoids in selected medicinal plants from Kosovo

The objective of this study was to determine the total content of phenolics and flavonoids in water and methanolic extracts in selected medicinal plants such as Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Trifolium pratense, Verbascum thapsus, Equisetum arvense and Sambucus nigra, collected in different localities in Kosovo. The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated spectrophotometrically using Folin Ciocalteu method and was expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight of sample (mgGAE/gDW). Total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured by aluminium chloride colorimetric assay and was expressed as mg of catechin equivalents/g dry weight of sample (mgCE/gDW). The TPC ranged from 5.26±0.05 (Equisetum arvense) to 33.14±0.13 mgGAE/gDW (Sambucus nigra) in water extract and 16.85±0.27 (Equisetum arvense) to 38.95±0.15 mgGAE/gDW (Betula pendula) in methanolic extract. The TFC ranged from 0.09±0.01 (Verbascum thapsus) to 1.57±0.01 mgCE/gDW (Trifolium pratense) in water extract and from 0.25±0.02 (Verbasucm tapsus) to 1.36±0.02 mgCE/gDW (Trifolium pratense) in methanolic extract. In Equisetum arvense herba was observed the largest difference of TPC and TFC between the water extract (8.26±0.05 mg GAE/g and 0.25±0.01 mg CE/g) and methanolic extract (16.85±0.27 mg GAE/mg and 1.15±0.08 mg CE/g), respectively

Studies on factors affecting drug treatment compliance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Low adherence to the prescribed treatments is significantly prevalent in clinical practice, especially in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis disease. In general, the causes of non-compliance with the prescribed therapy are quite complex. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of self-reported compliance with treatment, as well as to identify the factors that contribute to this level using as a representative sample patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study has a quantitative descriptive approach, in which 20 patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis aged 18-70+years participated. Using the Compliance Questionnaire for Rheumatology (CQR19) and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ), information about the disease and treatment was assessed by referring to socio-demographic variables and disease duration, patients\u27 beliefs in drug treatment and self-reported compliance with treatment. From the results of the study it was concluded that the self-reported compliance rate with treatment was 66.4% among respondents with rheumatoid arthritis, reflecting the percentage of patients who reported that they always take their medications exactly as prescribed. The most commonly reported reasons for non-compliance were concerns about the side effects of medications and fears of their long-term effects