Biogasification and combustion reactions of Turkish lignites: adsorption behavior and biogasification of Soma lignite and co-combustion of Beypazari lignite with biomass

In this study, our primary objective is to understand CBM capacity of the Soma coal basin. For this reason, porosity of the coal samples must be determined. Usually, surface area and the porosity of the materials can be calculated through the N2 physical sorption experiment, in this method entire relative pressure range (10-8 to 1) can be analyzed without using high pressure equipments. However, for microporous materials like carbon materials and zeolites physical sorption occurs at very low relative pressure ranges (10-8 to 10-3) and experiments that are conducted with N2 are less reliable due to the low diffusion rate and adsorption equilibrium in the pores between 0,5 to 1 nm at 77 K. It is also known that specifically for carbon materials experiments that are conducted at low temperatures such as N2 sorption causes pore shrinkage that leads to the low sorption equilibrium

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of Holocene alluvial fans, East Anatolian Fault System, Turkey

In this study, the optically stimulated luminescence dating technique was used to determine the time of deposition of alluvial sediment samples from the Turkoglu-Antakya segment of the East Anatolian Fault System (EAFS) in Turkey. The double-single aliquot regenerative dose protocol on fine grain samples was used to estimate equivalent doses ( De). Annual dose rate was computed using elemental concentration of uranium ( U) and thorium ( Th) determined by using thick-source alpha counting and potassium (K) concentrations using X-ray fluorescence and/or atomic absorption spectroscopy. The environmental dose was measured in situ using alpha- Al(2)O3: C chips inside plastic tubes for a year. The two different bulk sediment samples collected from the Islahiye trench yielded ages of 4.54 +/- 0.28 and 2.91 +/- 0.23 ka. We also obtained a 2.60 +/- 0.18 ka age for the alluvial deposit in the Kiranyurdu trench and 2.31 +/- 0.14 ka age for an excavation area called Malzeme Ocagi. These ages were consistent with the corresponding calibrated Carbon- 14 ( 14C) ages of the region. The differences between the determined ages were insufficient to clearly distinguish the disturbance event from the effects of bioturbation, biological mixing, or other sources of De variation in the region. They provide a record of alluvial aggradation in the region and may determine undocumented historical earthquake events