Biogasification and combustion reactions of Turkish lignites: adsorption behavior and biogasification of Soma lignite and co-combustion of Beypazari lignite with biomass

In this study, our primary objective is to understand CBM capacity of the Soma coal basin. For this reason, porosity of the coal samples must be determined. Usually, surface area and the porosity of the materials can be calculated through the N2 physical sorption experiment, in this method entire relative pressure range (10-8 to 1) can be analyzed without using high pressure equipments. However, for microporous materials like carbon materials and zeolites physical sorption occurs at very low relative pressure ranges (10-8 to 10-3) and experiments that are conducted with N2 are less reliable due to the low diffusion rate and adsorption equilibrium in the pores between 0,5 to 1 nm at 77 K. It is also known that specifically for carbon materials experiments that are conducted at low temperatures such as N2 sorption causes pore shrinkage that leads to the low sorption equilibrium

Dikilitaş Göleti (Niğde) ıslah çalışması

TEZ6815Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2008.Kaynakça (s.151-157) var.xvii, 256 s. : rnk.res. ; 29 cm.This study has been prepared as an MSc thesis at the Department of Geology in the Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Çukurova in the academic year of 2007-2008. The rehabilitation of the Dikilitaş dam 40 km northeast of Niğde is the subject of this study. The dam has not been able to store water due to leakage in its reservoir area. Several studies have been undertaken in order to delineate why the dam has not been able to store water behind it. After these studies, the rehabilitation of the dam by means of clay blanket method in its reservoir area has been decided to be the most suitable method. Suitable materials to use as a clay blanket have been studied by taking samples in different locations both within the reservoir area and the dam vicinity and soil mechanical tests have been performed on these samples. Firstly, index analysis such as Atterberg limits, specific gravity and grain size analysis were performed in order to classify the soil samples. Subsequently, compaction, unconfined compression, consolidation and permeability tests were performed in order to determine the engineering parameters of the samples. The best suitable sample for the rehabilitation has been determined according to the tests results. Finally, the method of compaction and other needs to be done in the rehabilitation have been explained and some suggestions were made.Bu çalışma 2007-2008 öğretim yılında Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Jeoloji Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalında Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak hazırlanmıştır. Niğde ilinin 40 km kuzey doğusunda yer alan Dikilitaş Sulama Göleti'nin ıslah çalışması bu tezin çalışma konusunu oluşturmuştur. Dikilitaş Göleti rezervuar alanındaki sızma problemi yüzünden su depolayamamaktadır. İnceleme alanında çeşitli araştırmalar yapılmış ve gölet rezervuar alanının hangi tür nedenlerle su tutamadığı saptanmıştır. Daha sonra rezervuar alanındaki problemlerin ortadan kaldırılması için, yapılan çalışmalar ve araştırmalar sonucu Dikilitaş Göleti'nin sıkıştırılmış kil örtü (Clay Blanket) yöntemi ile ıslah edilmesine karar verilmiştir. Seçilmiş olan bu ıslah çalışmasında kullanılacak malzemenin uygunluğunu araştırmak için çeşitli sahaları temsil eden yerlerden numuneler alarak bu numuneler üzerinde zemin mekaniği deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Bu deneyler ilk olarak zemin sınıflamasına yönelik olan Atterberg, özgül ağırlık, tane boyu analizi deneyleridir. Daha sonra numunelerin mühendislik parametrelerin araştırılması açısından standart kompaksiyon, serbest basınç, permeabilite deneyi ve konsolidasyon deneyleri yapılmıştır. Deney sonuçları incelenmiş ve bu ıslah çalışması için kullanılacak en uygun numune tanıtımı yapılmış ve seçilmiştir. Sıkıştırılmış kil örtü ıslah çalışmasında uygulanacak kompaksiyon yöntemi ve yapılması gerekenler açık bir şekilde yazılmıştır ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi Tarafından Desteklenmiştir. Proje No:MMF2006YL4

An environmentally-friendly integrated seismic imaging for coal exploration in the Miocene Soma Basin, Western Turkey

Seismic reflection data from target depths of several hundred metres have been acquired and processed as an aid for lignite exploration in the Miocene Soma Basin, western Turkey. An environmentally-friendly approach was followed by acquiring the data with mini-vibroseisseismic source along crooked lines, using available mountain/forest and village roads; quality control tests were conducted to determine optimal field parameters that would yield dataset with best signal-to-noise (SN) ratio prior to real data acquisition; and stratigraphic interfaces giving rise to reflection events in the seismic data were identified from the vertical seismic profiling (VSP). Stacked seismic sections were successfully correlated with geological cross-sections drawn based on available borehole data. Thus, it is shown that decreasing time and the cost for coal exploration is possible by utilising surface and VSP. Environment friendly approach of the seismic method applied in this study is also beneficial in regard to environmental concerns

Prognostic factors and treatment outcomes in surgically-staged non-invasive uterine clear cell carcinoma: a Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group study

Objective: To assess the prognosis of surgically-staged non-invasive uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC), and to determine the role of adjuvant therapy. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective department database review was performed to identify patients with UCCC who underwent surgical treatment between 1997 and 2016 at 8 Gynecologic Oncology Centers. Demographic, clinicopathological, and survival data were collected. Results: A total of 232 women with UCCC were identified. Of these, 53 (22.8%) had surgically-staged non-invasive UCCC. Twelve patients (22.6%) were upstaged at surgical assessment, including a 5.6% rate of lymphatic dissemination (3/53). Of those, 1 had stage IIIA, 1 had stage IIIC1, 1 had stage IIIC2, and 9 had stage IVB disease. Of the 9 women with stage IVB disease, 5 had isolated omental involvement indicating omentum as the most common metastatic site. UCCC limited only to the endometrium with no extra-uterine disease was confirmed in 41 women (73.3%) after surgical staging. Of those, 13 women (32%) were observed without adjuvant treatment whereas 28 patients (68%) underwent adjuvant therapy. The 5-year disease-free survival rates for patients with and without adjuvant treatment were 100.0% vs. 74.1%, respectively (p=0.060). Conclusion: Extra-uterine disease may occur in the absence of myometrial invasion (MMI), therefore comprehensive surgical staging including omentectomy should be the standard of care for women with UCCC regardless of the depth of MMI. Larger cohorts are needed in order to clarify the necessity of adjuvant treatment for women with UCCC truly confined to the endometrium