The Analysis and Calculation Method of Urban Rail Transit Carrying Capacity Based on Express-Slow Mode

Urban railway transport that connects suburbs and city areas is characterized by uneven temporal and spatial distribution in terms of passenger flow and underutilized carrying capacity. This paper aims to develop methodologies to measure the carrying capacity of the urban railway by introducing a concept of the express-slow mode. We first explore factors influencing the carrying capacity under the express-slow mode and the interactive relationships among these factors. Then we establish seven different scenarios to measure the carrying capacity by considering the ratio of the number of the express trains and the slow trains, the station where overtaking takes place, and the number of overtaking maneuvers. Taking Shanghai Metro Line 16 as an empirical study, the proposed methods to measure the carrying capacity under different express-slow mode are proved to be valid. This paper contributes to the literature by remodifying the traditional methods to measure the carrying capacity when different express-slow modes are applied to improve the carrying capacity of the suburban railway

SEASONAL C-14 AND SR/CA RECORDS OF A MODERN CORAL AROUND DAYA BAY NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Due to an increasing number of nuclear reactors in operation, the radiocarbon (C-14) released from nuclear power plants (NPPs) has become an important anthropogenic source of C-14. The examination of seasonal. 14C and monthly Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca variations in a coral in Daya Bay (China) shows that NPPs located there have an impact on the Delta C-14 level and sea surface temperature (SST). The Mg/Ca variation was in good correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) before the operation of Ling'ao NPP in 2002, but this correlation became weak due to an abnormally higher SST after 2002. As illustrated by the Delta C-14 variation in the coral, there were two relative increases of Delta C-14 values in 1994 and 2002 when Daya Bay NPP and Ling'ao NPP began operations, respectively. The C-14 released from NPPs, instead of oceanic circulation, is probably the primary factor on the Delta C-14 variation in Daya Bay during the NPPs' operation. The relative increase in Delta C-14 value was similar to 80%, which equals to similar to 18Bq/kgC in specific activity. The seasonal variability in Delta C-14 value usually peaked in summer, the real reason of which was unknown. This study sheds light on how the NPPs influence the C-14 content and SST in surrounding marine environment.National Natural Science Foundation of China [41403011]SCI(E)ARTICLE31035-10465

A high resolution method for C-14 analysis of a coral from South China Sea: Implication for "AD 775" C-14 event

A pre-heating method that improves the background and precision of C-14 dating significantly was applied for fossil coral dating with high resolution in our lab in Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (GIGCAS). The reaction tube is heated under 300 degrees C in a vacuum line before it is used for graphitization. The method can reduce the contamination absorbed in TiH2, Zn and Fe power placed in the graphitization tube. With the pre-heating and average drilling method, bi-weekly resolution C-14 dating in a fossil coral is carried out to investigate the "AD 775 C-14 spike event". Different from the tree ring C-14 archives with the C-14 spike of similar to 15 parts per thousand (Delta C-14), the C-14 spike in the coral shows an abrupt peak of 45 parts per thousand and two smaller spikes of Delta C-14 > 20 parts per thousand in half a year in AD 776. And then, the C-14 content in coral decreases gradually in AD 777. The peak time of the C-14 spike event likely occurs in the summer of AD 776 according to the delta O-18 variation in coral. High-resolution dating of C-14 in coral provides not only a more detail process of the event than that from tree rings, but also the first report of the event from sea ecosystem. Both of them suggest an extraterrestrial origin of the event cause. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Puncturing and Bloodletting at Twelve Hand Jing Points to Treat Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning as Adjunct to First Aid Treatment: A Study Protocol

Background. Acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Twelve Hand Jing Points (THJP) have been believed to be effective to treat all kinds of emergency calls in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for more than 3000 years. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of THJP in curing acute carbon monoxide poisoning in first aid treatment. This paper reports the protocol of the trial. Methods/Design. This RCT is a multicenter, randomized, controlled study undergoing in China. The compliant patients are divided into the bloodletting group and standard of care group. With first aid treatments given to both of the groups, the bloodletting group is bleeding at THJP upon being hospitalized. Primary outcomes and secondary outcomes will be measured and compared between these two groups. Before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours after treatment, patients’ basic vital signs and state of consciousness were observed. Before treatment and 1 and 4 hours after treatment, carboxyhemoglobin concentration in venous blood samples was detected. Discussion. The objective of this study is to provide convincing evidence to clarify the efficacy and safety of THJP for early treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning