Bridging the Gaps: Connecting Research Streams in Organizational Network Research

Apart from an introduction and conclusion, the present dissertation consists of four chapters in the form of three research papers and one essay. Each of these chapters revolves around organizational networks and attempts to bring research streams together that deal with the same – or similar – phenomena, yet are largely disjunct. In that sense, each chapter is attempting to bridge gaps. The first of these chapters investigates partner selection in business ecosystems and brings together the ecosystem and network literature. Second is an essay which introduces four new effects to a popular method for analyzing network dynamics, bringing together management science and mathematics. Third is a research paper analyzing the interdependence between corporate strategic actions and board interlock networks, bringing together the antecedents and outcomes of the latter. And finally, the fourth of these chapters brings together director- and firm-level research on board interlock networks by estimating the formation of such a network when introducing both levels into a stochastic model. The dissertation advances our understanding of organizational networks and the methods we can use to learn about them

Aromastoffe in Obst und Gemüse - Funktion und Wirkung

Beitrag zum Themenschwerpunkt IV Gesundheit aus dem Garte

Die Bedienung ländlicher Räume als Aufgabe aller Verkehrsträger: planungsrelevante Fakten

In mehreren Forschungsprojekten wurden 50 Siedlungen in dünn besiedelten Gebieten Nord- und Süddeutschlands untersucht. Die Bedienungsqualität der vorhandenen ÖPNV-Netze wurde bewertet und alle Haushalte wurden schriftlich befragt. Die Rücklaufquoten lagen um 50%. Als Ergebnis zeigte sich, dass der öffentliche Verkehr im dünnbesiedelten ländlichen Raum der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ohne größere Bedeutung ist. Selbst bei drastischen Verbesserungen des öffentlichen Verkehrsangebots nahm hier die Nachfrage nur stark unterproportional zu. Trotzdem ist der öffentliche Verkehr im ländlichen Raum besser als sein Ruf. In der vergleichenden Bewertung des ÖPNV-Angebots urteilte jedoch die betroffene Bevölkerung 2-3 Schulnoten (von 5) schlechter als die Verkehrsexperten. Bei dieser Bewertung konnten ÖPNV- und MIV-Benutzer nicht mehr getrennt werden, da die Zahl der ÖPNV-Benutzer bereits statistisch zu klein war. Der dargestellte Evolutionszyklus zeigt einen Funktionsverlust des Linienbusses als Mobilitätsprodukt von gestern. Allgemeine Messlatte ist heute und hier der Pkw vor der Haustür. Die systematische Unkenntnis des täglichen Linienbusses spricht aber auch für Wahrnehmungsdefizit, das sich durch preiswerte Maßnahmen aus der Welt schaffen lässt. Auch sie gehören gerade hier zur unumgänglichen und umfassenden Neuorganisation des ÖPNV.Several research projects investigated the provision of public transport in 50 communities in sparsely populated areas of North and South Germany. The levels of service were evaluated and all households were surveyed by questionnaire in 1979 and 1980. The response rates were between 48 and 58%. The results showed the very low importance of public transport in sparsely populated areas of the Federal Republic of Germany. Even after dramatic improvements in the provision of line bus service the corresponding rise in demand was much lower. Nevertheless public transport in rural areas is better than its reputation. The local population rated the quality of service significantly lower than transport experts. Because the number of bus passengers was already so low it was not possible for statistical reasons to distinguish between the rating of car users and public transport users. As the evolution cycle explains here the line bus is an mobility product of yesteryear. The most important yardstick today is the car in front of the front door. In addition the daily line bus is hardly noticed. Therefore rural areas require the comprehensive reorganization of their public transport system and low cost measures to improve the awareness of the existence of public transport

1,1-Disubstituierte 1-Germa-3,5-disila-2,4,6-triazacyclohexane : 153. Mitt. über Beiträge zur Chemie der Silicium-Stickstoff-Verbindungen

Die Darstellung mehrerer 1,1-disubstituierter Germadisilatriazacyclohexane aus Bis(methylamino)pentamethyldisilazan (I) und verschiedenen (Alkyl)Chlorgermanen wie durch Reaktion (Ge)chlorsubstituierter Ringverbindungen mit Alkoholen, Aminen, Grignard-Reagentien und Organolithiumverbindungen wurde wie in Schema 1 aufgezeigt studiert. Eigenschaften und Strukturbeweise der neuen Verbindungen werden mitgeteilt, Vergleiche zu ähnlichen Reaktionen 1,1-dichlorsubstituierter Cyclo[6]trisilazane (X1) und Cyclo[5]germadisiladiazane (Y1) gezogen.Preparation of several 1,1-disubstituted germadisilatriazacyclohexanes from bis(methylamino)pentamethyldisilazane (I) and different (alkyl)chlorogermanes as well as reactions of (Ge)chloro substituted ring compounds with alcohols, amines, Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds were studied as shown in scheme 1. Properties and proof of structure of the new compounds are given, partly in comparison with similar reactions of 1,1-dichlorosubstituted cyclo[6]trisilazane (X1) and cyclo[5]germadisiladiazane (Y1)

A search for the ideal flavor of strawberry - Comparison of consumer acceptance and metabolite patterns in <i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.

in strawberry. Despite numerous investigations of the metabolic composition of strawberries, the description of the relationship between flavor pattern and consumer acceptance is inconsistent. The aim of the present study was to correlate overall liking (acceptance), the intensity of important sensory parameters, which were evaluated by a consumer panel, and data of instrumental analyses like soluble solids content, titratable acidity and volatile organic compound patterning. The data were collected over a period of three harvest years. They are suitable to reveal the relationships and interactions between the metabolite patterns of strawberry and the sensory properties due to the use of a high diversity of the gene pool and due to a special sample preparation with representative sample sizes for both human sensory and instrumental analysis. A high genetic diversity was considered including genotypes from cultivar crossing and from wild species introgression. It was found that the volatile compounds methyl 2-methylbutanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool and decanoic acid correlate positively with the attribute ‘sweet’ and, therefore, can act as sweetness enhancers. Furthermore, compounds were identified with positive (linalool, lactones) and negative impact (some esters, furanones) on the sensory quality. From these findings, strategies towards improved, sensorially valuable strawberry cultivars with a high consumer acceptance can be deduced.   The online version of this article (doi: 10.5073/JABFQ.2016.089.029) contains supplementary files

Diversity of volatile patterns in sixteen Fragaria vesca L. accessions in comparison to cultivars of Fragaria ×ananassa

Fragaria vesca is the most distributed wild species in the genus Fragaria. Due to this biogeography a high diversity is to expect. During two harvest seasons sixteen accessions from different locations from the most eastern habitat at Lake Baikal in Siberia, from Middle and Southern Europe and Northern Europe with Scandinavia and Iceland were investigated as well as two of the three described North American subspecies and three F. vesca cultivars. Five very distinct European F. ×ananassa cultivars were chosen to serve as a comparison. Beside brix value and acid contents the aroma patterns including 67 volatile compounds were quantified by stir bar sorptive extraction followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The diversity of important volatiles of Fragaria vesca and F. ×ananassa is discussed regarding biogeography, domestication, breeding and the so-called funnel effect

Assessment of sensory profile and instrumental analyzed attributes influenced by different potassium fertilization levels in three tomato cultivars

Sensory properties are an essential quality aspect when the consumption of fresh tomato is under consideration. The flavor of tomato is defined as a combination of taste sensations (sweetness, sourness), aroma (volatile compounds), and texture (firmness, mealiness), some of which are proven to be affected by insufficient nutrient supply − especially potassium (K). This study intends to undertake a holistic assessment of the K fertilization effect on the flavor of tomato by connecting the use of sensorial and instrumental methods. An optimal K supply significantly increased the sensory descriptors sweetness, sourness, and aroma as well as the instrumental estimated color, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acids (TA), and dry matter (DM) in a cultivar-specific manner. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were not significantly affected by K fertilization. The evaluation by the panelists confirmed the results of the instru-mental analyses, by which an increment in the fruit quality with rising K supply could be detected. An optimal K supply of 3.66 g/plant could be suggested to increase tomato flavor in the cocktail cultivars studied: Primavera and Yellow Submarine. Cultivar effects should, therefore, be considered for defining the optimal K fertilizer dose that favors high tomato fruit quality and, hence, better flavor