Forced Prostitution: Naming an International Offense

This paper presents an argument for recognizing forced prostitution as an international offense in its own right for which the procurers, brothel owners and managers, and financiers as well as the women\u27s customers can be held criminally liable. While the international debate has attempted to characterize forced prostitution as slavery, the term slavery fails to evoke the images of all the violations that encompass forced prostitution. Were the United Nations and regional organizations to acknowledge and label forced prostitution as an international crime, their member states would be required to enact domestic legislation outlawing and criminalizing it as well as strictly enforcing those provisions. While forced prostitution could be prosecuted in most countries under a variety of statutes, the international community has not succeeded in its attempts to decrease the prevalence of the practice because it lacks a universal rallying point that would focus attention on the dismal practice

Working with Amiga Floppy Disks in Historical Video Game Research

This text explores the challenges and considerations associated with researching digital-born media, particularly video games designed for the Amiga computing system. The author emphasizes the importance of experiencing games on both emulators and original hardware to capture a comprehensive understanding. The acquisition of an Amiga 500 set serves as a catalyst for the exploration, leading to the need for specialized hardware, such as the Greaseweazle, to read and write Amiga floppy disks on modern computers. The author details the process of obtaining the required components, highlighting the scarcity of certain technologies and the importance of preserving them for game preservation efforts. The text underscores the urgent need for efficient procedures to aid in the preservation of ageing video games and emphasizes the invaluable role of such technologies in the author's research project, facilitating data extraction from floppy disks and enhancing the overall research process

Ongoing Astrometric Microlensing Events of Two Nearby Stars

Context. Astrometric microlensing is an excellent tool to determine the mass of a stellar object. By measuring the astrometric shift of a background source star in combination with precise predictions of its unlensed position and of the lens position, gravitational lensing allows to determine the mass of the lensing star with a precision of 1 percent, independent of any prior knowledge. Aims. Making use of the recently published Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2) we predict astrometric microlensing events by foreground stars of high proper motion passing by a background star in the coming years. Methods. We compile a list of ~148.000 high-proper-motion stars within Gaia DR2 with $\mu_{tot}$ > 150 mas/yr. We then search for background stars close to their paths and calculate the dates and separations of the closest approaches. Using color and absolute magnitude, we determine approximate masses of the lenses. Finally, we calculate the expected astrometric shifts and magnifications of the predicted events. Results . We detect two ongoing microlensing events by the high proper motion stars Luyten 143-23 and Ross 322 and predict closest separations of (108.5 $\pm$ 1.4) mas in July 2018 and (125.3 $\pm$ 3.4) mas in August 2018, respectively. The respective expected astrometric shifts are (1.74 $\pm$ 0.12) mas and (0.76 $\pm$ 0.06) mas. Furthermore, Luyten 143-23 will pass by another star in March 2021 with a closest separation of (280.1 $\pm$ 1.1) mas, which results in an expected shift of (0.69 $\pm$ 0.05) mas.Comment: Submitted to A&A, accepted June 14, 2018. 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 table

The Fallacy of Social Citizenship Or the Threat of Exclusion

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A Fresh Look at Offender Characteristics

As the Supreme Court has turned federal sentencing upside down in Booker, it has left a host of open questions in the wake of that decision. The outcome of these questions is often difficult to predict, for lower courts and commentators alike, as the Court has failed to develop an overarching sentencing philosophy to replace the rehabilitation-focused one that animated sentencing for so long. If the Court were to reach consensus on that issue, it would be better able to speak coherently on unresolved sentencing matters. This introduction to an Issue of the Federal Sentencing Reporter highlights some of the possibilities the Court may embrace in choosing such a philosophy, ranging from a public safety based approach to one grounded in more traditional punishment norms. The Court, however, will continue to face sentencing issues in a host of other arenas as well: The role foreign law should play in judicial decision-making, for example, has surfaced in high-profile cases ultimately involving the imposition of the death penalty. How could the Chief Justice use his administrative role to change the face of federal sentencing? Will the Court reinvigorate the Eight Amendment jurisprudence in non-death cases? If the Court takes on the challenge to develop a coherent approach to such issues, it may be able to position itself effectively to guide the future of sentencing in this country

Smart Public Policy: Replacing Imprisonment with Targeted Nonprison Sentences and Collateral Sanctions

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Risk Assessment: Promises and Pitfalls

Not available