Türkiye’de Hemşehri Dernekleri ve Kırsal Dönüşüm

The aim of this study is to define kinship (hemşehri) associations that are organized in the cities through dense immigration and examine their relationship with rural. The materials in the study consist of kinship assocciations, rural development and secondary data about immigration. Investments of some kinship association in major cities is drawing attention. Informal parties that have problem in establishing connection problem with the city have kept their links to the rural stronger. Therefore, it is observed in most of the kinship associations that they direct their economic and political power to rural areas. As a result, researches regarding the possible roles of existing kinship associations in rural transformation Turkey should be done. Besides, kinship associations should be supported as the role of kinship asscociations in rural areas and the approach of participatory rural transformatio approach show parallellism. At the same time micro policies towards providing effectivenes of kinship associations in rural transformation investments should be established

Türkiye’de Hemşehri Dernekleri ve Kırsal Dönüşüm

The aim of this study is to define kinship (hemşehri) associations that are organized in the cities through dense immigration and examine their relationship with rural. The materials in the study consist of kinship assocciations, rural development and secondary data about immigration. Investments of some kinship association in major cities is drawing attention. Informal parties that have problem in establishing connection problem with the city have kept their links to the rural stronger. Therefore, it is observed in most of the kinship associations that they direct their economic and political power to rural areas. As a result, researches regarding the possible roles of existing kinship associations in rural transformation Turkey should be done. Besides, kinship associations should be supported as the role of kinship asscociations in rural areas and the approach of participatory rural transformatio approach show parallellism. At the same time micro policies towards providing effectivenes of kinship associations in rural transformation investments should be established

Giuliani dönemi New York’unda suç neden azaldı? Suç önleme politikalarına bir bakış

This article explores as to why crime rates dropped drastically during the Giuliani`s Mayoral term in the City of New York. In addition to this, how crime prevention strategies were implemented and which results have been reached were also discussed for this period of thime. Although it is hard to claim that police strategies were the only instrument in reduced crime rates, police have contributed positively to the prevention of crime by serving in an effective, transparent, and accountable manner with the support of scientific research.Bu makale, Giuliani döneminde, New York şehrinde suç oranlarındaki ani düşüşün sebeplerini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, bu dönemde ortaya koyulan suç önleme stratejilerinin nasıl uygulandığını ve ne sonuçlar elde edildiğini irdelemeye çalışmaktadır.  Polisiye önlemlerin doğrudan suçu azalttığını iddia etmek zor olsa da, polisin, bilimsel araştırmaların da desteğiyle, daha etkin, şeffaf ve hesap verebilen bir anlayışla hizmet verdiğini ve bunun suçu önlemede pozitif katkı sağladığını söylemek mümkündür

Cut-Off Values of Specific IgE and Skin Prick Test to Predict Oral Food Challenge Positivity in Children with Cow's Milk Allergy

Objective: The cut-off values for the skin prick test diameters and cow's milk-specific IgE measurements are used to predict the result of the oral food challenge test for the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic values of skin prick test and cow's milk-specific IgE according to age groups and compare the diagnostic powers of these 2 methods. Materials and Methods: In total, 153 children who had a preliminary diagnosis of cow's milk allergy were evaluated. Group A (n = 90) consisted of cow's milk allergy patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by a positive oral food challenge or a history of anaphylaxis. Group B (n = 63) was composed of patients with a negative oral food challenge. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of 2 groups were compared. Results: The cut-off points for cow's milk-specific IgE and cow's milk-skin prick test were determined as >2.12 kUA/L and >5 mm, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.844 for cow's milk-skin prick test (sensitivity 73%, specificity 84%) and 0.745 for cow's milk-specific IgE (sensitivity 67%, specificity 86%). The diagnostic power of skin prick test was determined to be higher when compared to cow's milk-specific IgE (P=.02). According to the predicted probability curves, decision points for cow's milk-specific IgE and cow's milk-skin prick test with 95% probability were determined as follows, respectively: for 24 months: 44.1 kUA/, 15.1 mm. The lowest cut-off value with a positive predictive value of 95% and a specificity of 96% was found in patients 3.3 kUA/L) Conclusion: The use of high probability diagnostic values of communities for specific IgE and skin prick test along with a significant clinical history may provide accurate and rapid diagnosis of cow's milk allergy and facilitate patient follow-up

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Kadın polislere yönelik ayrımcılık : Ankara'daki Türk kadın polisler örneği

The aim in this study is to uncover the occupational discrimination and sexual harassment against the policewomen in Ankara, and to determine whether or not these two negative conditions can explain the stress burden of policewomen. A total number of 125 respondents have been interviewed. We divided the respondents into two groups, according to where they are employed, namely those of General Directorate of Police (EGM = The centre) and of Police Directorate of Ankara (AEM = The periphery), so that we can make a comparison between the two groups. We found that the policewomen in AEM are subjected to more stress burden and sexual harassment than those of in EGM, yet, in terms of occupational discrimination there is not a meaningful difference between the two. At a macro level, the study reveals that sexual harassment and occupational discrimination explains the occupational stress burden of the policewomen.Bu çalışmada amaç.Ankarada'ki kadın polislere yönelik mesleki ayrımcılığı ve cinsel tacizi belirleme ve bu iki olumsuz durumun kadınların yaşamış olduğu stres yükünü açıklayıp, açıklamadığına bakmaktır. Bu amaçla toplam 125 denekle görüşülmüş ve bu denekleri iki gruba ayırarak hem merkez (EGM = Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü) hem de çevre (AEM = Ankara Emniyet Müdürlüğü) arasında kıyaslama yapma imkanı sağlanmıştır. Sonuçta, AEM'deki kadın polislerin stres ve cinsel tacize EGM'deki kadın polisdlerden daha fazla maruz kaldıkları ancak mesleki ayrımcılık açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Genel anlamda ise, cinsel taciz ve ayrımcılığın kadın polislerin sahip olduğu mesleki stresi açıkladığı ortaya çıkmıştır.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Toplumsal cinsiyet açısından polisliğin imajı üzerine bir çalışma : Ankara örneği.

STUDY OF PUBLIC IMAGERY OF POLICE WORK FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENDER: THE CASE OF ANKARA Demir, Murat Cem Ph.D., Department of Sociology Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Kayhan Mutlu February 2010, 245 pages Police – public relations and image of the police are fields of study that are dealt with more and more recently in the disciplines of criminology and sociology. These subjects are also partially the matter of this study. The purpose of our study is to find out how the image of the police is influenced by the gender; that is what kind of a role the gender plays in the police – society relations. In brief, this study seeks answers for the questions such as whether the level of relationship that the people establishes with the female police officers and male officers is the same; whether the perception of the public changes towards female and male police officers; and the role of the gender in the formation of such relation, in other words, whether men and women have a different perception of the police officers in general terms and whether they perceive the female and male police officers in different way in specific terms by means of surveys and questionnaires. When the data from the questionnaire conducted with 313 respondents in the sample of Ankara and the information obtained from the interview data carried out with 16 people in this study are interpreted, it has been found out that the police and public relationship is never static and routine and uniform; on the contrary this relationship is rather dynamic and heterogeneous. In short, the police – public relation is fit on a complex equation rather than a simple one. One of the most notable reasons of this complexity lies at the identities of the actors; that means the heterogeneity of the identities. Gender is a significant variable determining (elaborating) the relation of the police – public and constitutes an important part of the identity. In this study, the gender has the role and task of both independent variable, and dependent variable representing the perception of female and male police officer since when we have a look with the gender axis, we happen to see the cross equation in the police – public relation: male police officer – female police officer, male citizens – female citizens. A considerable contribution of this study is its investigation of the above mentioned cross relation along with the public dimension. Keywords: Gender, Police Image, Female Police Officer, Male Police OfficerPh.D. - Doctoral Progra

Yüksek lateral miyokard infarktüsünden sonra gelişen psödoanevrizma: Olgu sunumu

Male patient with a history of high lateral myocardial infarction experienced 45 days before admission was accepted to our clinic with the initial diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Physical examination revealed 2-3°/6 systolic murmur in the mesocardiac region. Telecardiography revealed a mass of 12x6 cms in the left hilus. Pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography and followed by left ventriculography. The symptoms of heart failure disappeared after successful surgical repair.Male patient with a history of high lateral myocardial infarction experienced 45 days before admission was accepted to our clinic with the initial diagnosis of congestive heart failure. Physical examination revealed 2-3°/6 systolic murmur in the mesocardiac region. Telecardiography revealed a mass of 12x6 cms in the left hilus. Pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography and followed by left ventriculography. The symptoms of heart failure disappeared after successful surgical repair

Effects of partial bladder outlet obstruction on contraction and relaxation response of rabbit corpus cavernosum.

It has been well established that erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common incident in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. Animal models have been described to investigate the relationship between bladder obstruction and ED. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) induces changes in the contraction and relaxation response of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM) of the penis in the rabbit model. Partial bladder obstruction was performed in rabbits as previously described. After 2 and 4 weeks of follow-up, control, sham-operated (2- and 4-week duration) and partial bladder outlet obstructed (obstruction of 2- and 4-week duration) rabbits were sacrificed and their bladder masses determined. Then CCSM tissue was obtained. Contraction responses induced by 124 m M KCl, phenylephrine (10(-6) to 10(-4) M) and relaxation responses induced by doxazosin (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) in CCSM of rabbits were determined. The obtained contraction and relaxation responses of all groups were compared. Bladder weight was significantly higher in PBOO groups than in control and sham-operated rabbits. Contraction responses induced by KCl and phenylephrine were statistically enhanced in the 4-week PBOO groups than controls. However, there was no statistically significant difference in any KCl, phenylephrine and doxazosin responses between 2- and 4-week sham-operated and PBOO groups. The rabbit model of PBOO described for the studies which examine bladder responses is useful for creating bladder outlet obstruction. However, this model is not suitable for the investigation of outlet obstruction-related ED. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel