Simultaneous Recruitment of Drug Users and Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States and Russia Using Respondent-Driven Sampling: Sampling Methods and Implications

The Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program (SATHCAP) examined the role of drug use in the sexual transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from traditional high-risk groups, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and drug users (DU), to lower risk groups in three US cities and in St. Petersburg, Russia. SATHCAP employed respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and a dual high-risk group sampling approach that relied on peer recruitment for a combined, overlapping sample of MSM and DU. The goal of the sampling approach was to recruit an RDS sample of MSM, DU, and individuals who were both MSM and DU (MSM/DU), as well as a sample of sex partners of MSM, DU, and MSM/DU and sex partners of sex partners. The approach efficiently yielded a sample of 8,355 participants, including sex partners, across all four sites. At the US sites—Los Angeles, Chicago, and Raleigh–Durham—the sample consisted of older (mean age = 41 years), primarily black MSM and DU (both injecting and non-injecting); in St. Petersburg, the sample consisted of primarily younger (mean age = 28 years) MSM and DU (injecting). The US sites recruited a large proportion of men who have sex with men and with women, an important group with high potential for establishing a generalized HIV epidemic involving women. The advantage of using the dual high-risk group approach and RDS was, for the most part, the large, efficiently recruited samples of MSM, DU, and MSM/DU. The disadvantages were a recruitment bias by race/ethnicity and income status (at the US sites) and under-enrollment of MSM samples because of short recruitment chains (at the Russian site)

Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research 1(5). Focus Issue — Time & Consciousness: Two Faces of One Mystery?

Table of Contents Guest Editorial 1. Time and Experience: Twins of the Eternal Now, Gregory M. Nixon, 482-489 Research Essay 1. Why Time Flies When You’re Having Fun, William A. Adams, 490-500 2. Liberation and Its Constraints: A Philosophical Analysis of Key Issues in Psychiatry, Steven Bindeman, 501-510 3. Now, Gordon Globus, 511-515 4. ‘Landscapes’ of Mentality, Consciousness and Time, Chris Nunn 516-528 5. Special Relativity and Perception: The Singular Time of Psychology and Physics, Stephen E. Robbins, 529-559 6. Phenomenal Time and its Biological Correlates, Ram L. P. Vimal & Christopher J. Davia, 560-572 Explorations 1. Time and Its Relationship to Consciousness: An Overview, Mansoor Malik & Maria Hipolito, 573-579 2. Time, Consciousness and the Foundations of Science, Stephen Deiss, 580-584 3. Contextual Division and the Analysis of Linear Time, Christopher Holvenstot, 585-609 4. How Unconditioned Consciousness, Infinite Information, Potential Energy, and Time Created Our Universe, Leon H. Maurer, 610-624 5. Whitehead and the Elusive Present: Process Philosophy’s Creative Core, Gregory M. Nixon, 625-63

Featuring Gregory M. Nixon’s Work with Commentaries & Responses. HOLLOWS OF MEMORY. From Individual Consciousness to Panexperientialism and Beyond

Table of Contents Article Preface/Introduction Gregory M. Nixon 213-215 From Panexperientialism to Conscious Experience: The Continuum of Experience Gregory M. Nixon 216-233 Hollows of Experience Gregory M. Nixon 234-288 Myth and Mind: The Origin of Human Consciousness in the Discovery of the Sacred Gregory M. Nixon 289-337 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Commentary Brief Comment on Gregory Nixon’s Hollows of Experience: Derrida Frederick D. Abraham 338-341 Playing With Your Food: Review of “Hollows of Experience” by Greg Nixon William A. Adams 342-345 Brief Commentary on Nixon's Three Papers Roger Cook 346-347 Commentary on Nixon's From Panexperientialism to Individual Self Consciousness Stephen Deiss 348-349 Nixon on Conscious and Non-conscious Experience Gordon Globus 350-351 Commentary on Nixon's From Panexperientialism to Individual Self Consciousness Syamala Hari 352-353 The Predictive Mind and Mortal Knowledge Marc Hersch 354-368 Consciousness as Shared and Categorized Result of Experience Tim Jarvilehto 369-371 Brief Comment on Gregory Nixon’s Myth and Mind Joseph McCard 372-372 Commentary on Nixon's Three Papers Marty Monteiro 373-376 Brief Commentary on Nixon's “From Panexperientialism to Conscious Experience” Richard W Moodey 377-378 Hollows of a Science of Consciousness? Alfredo Pereira Jr. 379-380 Comment on Gregory Nixon’s “From Panexperientialism to Individual Self Consciousness” Steven M. Rosen 381-382 Consciousness, Non-conscious Experiences and Functions, Proto-experiences and Protofunctions, and Subjective Experiences Ram L. P. Vimal 383-389 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Response to Commentary Response to the Commentary of Frederick D. Abraham Gregory M. Nixon 390-390 Response to the Commentary of William A. Adams Gregory M. Nixon 391-392 Response to the Commentary of Syamala Hari Gregory M. Nixon 393-394 Response to the Commentary of Marc Hersch Gregory M. Nixon 395-398 Response to the Commentary of Joseph McCard Gregory M. Nixon 399-399 Response to the Commentary of Steven M. Rosen Gregory M. Nixon 400-40

Journal of Consciousness Exploration & Research 1(5). Focus Issue — Time & Consciousness: Two Faces of One Mystery?

Table of Contents Guest Editorial 1. Time and Experience: Twins of the Eternal Now, Gregory M. Nixon, 482-489 Research Essay 1. Why Time Flies When You’re Having Fun, William A. Adams, 490-500 2. Liberation and Its Constraints: A Philosophical Analysis of Key Issues in Psychiatry, Steven Bindeman, 501-510 3. Now, Gordon Globus, 511-515 4. ‘Landscapes’ of Mentality, Consciousness and Time, Chris Nunn 516-528 5. Special Relativity and Perception: The Singular Time of Psychology and Physics, Stephen E. Robbins, 529-559 6. Phenomenal Time and its Biological Correlates, Ram L. P. Vimal & Christopher J. Davia, 560-572 Explorations 1. Time and Its Relationship to Consciousness: An Overview, Mansoor Malik & Maria Hipolito, 573-579 2. Time, Consciousness and the Foundations of Science, Stephen Deiss, 580-584 3. Contextual Division and the Analysis of Linear Time, Christopher Holvenstot, 585-609 4. How Unconditioned Consciousness, Infinite Information, Potential Energy, and Time Created Our Universe, Leon H. Maurer, 610-624 5. Whitehead and the Elusive Present: Process Philosophy’s Creative Core, Gregory M. Nixon, 625-63

Featuring Gregory M. Nixon’s Work with Commentaries & Responses. HOLLOWS OF MEMORY. From Individual Consciousness to Panexperientialism and Beyond

Table of Contents Article Preface/Introduction Gregory M. Nixon 213-215 From Panexperientialism to Conscious Experience: The Continuum of Experience Gregory M. Nixon 216-233 Hollows of Experience Gregory M. Nixon 234-288 Myth and Mind: The Origin of Human Consciousness in the Discovery of the Sacred Gregory M. Nixon 289-337 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Commentary Brief Comment on Gregory Nixon’s Hollows of Experience: Derrida Frederick D. Abraham 338-341 Playing With Your Food: Review of “Hollows of Experience” by Greg Nixon William A. Adams 342-345 Brief Commentary on Nixon's Three Papers Roger Cook 346-347 Commentary on Nixon's From Panexperientialism to Individual Self Consciousness Stephen Deiss 348-349 Nixon on Conscious and Non-conscious Experience Gordon Globus 350-351 Commentary on Nixon's From Panexperientialism to Individual Self Consciousness Syamala Hari 352-353 The Predictive Mind and Mortal Knowledge Marc Hersch 354-368 Consciousness as Shared and Categorized Result of Experience Tim Jarvilehto 369-371 Brief Comment on Gregory Nixon’s Myth and Mind Joseph McCard 372-372 Commentary on Nixon's Three Papers Marty Monteiro 373-376 Brief Commentary on Nixon's “From Panexperientialism to Conscious Experience” Richard W Moodey 377-378 Hollows of a Science of Consciousness? Alfredo Pereira Jr. 379-380 Comment on Gregory Nixon’s “From Panexperientialism to Individual Self Consciousness” Steven M. Rosen 381-382 Consciousness, Non-conscious Experiences and Functions, Proto-experiences and Protofunctions, and Subjective Experiences Ram L. P. Vimal 383-389 ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Response to Commentary Response to the Commentary of Frederick D. Abraham Gregory M. Nixon 390-390 Response to the Commentary of William A. Adams Gregory M. Nixon 391-392 Response to the Commentary of Syamala Hari Gregory M. Nixon 393-394 Response to the Commentary of Marc Hersch Gregory M. Nixon 395-398 Response to the Commentary of Joseph McCard Gregory M. Nixon 399-399 Response to the Commentary of Steven M. Rosen Gregory M. Nixon 400-40