The Rule of Liability for Loss of Use When Property is Totally Destroyed: Some Economic Considerations

In this article Professor De Alessi applies economic analysis to a California case which held that a tortfeasor who negligently destroys property which he rented is liable to the lessor for loss of use during the time in which a replacement is being procured. In arriving at the conclusion that the court may have made the correct decision despite the lack of economic considerations, a framework for economic analysis is suggested which may well be extendable to other factual situations

The Rule of Liability for Loss of Use When Property is Totally Destroyed: Some Economic Considerations

In this article Professor De Alessi applies economic analysis to a California case which held that a tortfeasor who negligently destroys property which he rented is liable to the lessor for loss of use during the time in which a replacement is being procured. In arriving at the conclusion that the court may have made the correct decision despite the lack of economic considerations, a framework for economic analysis is suggested which may well be extendable to other factual situations

A post-crisis investigation in to the performance of GARCH-based historical & analytical value-at-risk on the FTSE

Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.This paper is an investigation into the performance of GARCH-based VaR models on the South African FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index. Specifically, this paper investigates whether stability has returned to the VaR measure following its poor performance during the latest global financial crisis (2007). GARCH models are used in both an analytic and historical approach for modeling 1%, 2.5% and 5% daily VaR for a three year backtest period (2010-2012). Four distributions are used: the normal, generalised error, t-distribution and the skewed t-distribution. A particular question asked by this paper, is whether the data from the latest financial crisis (2007) should be used in estimating VaR in a post-crisis market. To investigate this, all models are re-estimated using data that has the financial crisis and/or high volatility period removed, then the results across the two data sets are compared. The take away point from this research is that the volatility-clustering mechanism inherent in every GARCH model is capable of producing accurate VaR estimates in a post-downturn/lower-volatility market even when the data on which the model was estimated contains financial downturn/volatile data. There is strong evidence suggesting stability has returned to this measure - however caution remains over using over-simplified models

Mídias sociais: o marketing como forma de comunicação

Essa monografia tem como objetivo demonstrar as mídias sociais como ferramenta de marketing para as empresas, suas formas de comunicação com o consumidor e suas principais características, analisando as organizações que já seguem essa tendência e já participam desse meio digital com perfis institucionais da marca. Com o objetivo escolhido, houve a necessidade de conceituar algumas etapas importantes para que todo o processo fosse compreendido. Para deixar o trabalho coerente, estudou-se a evolução da internet, os seus percentuais de utilização no Brasil, as principais mídias sociais e suas formas de comunicação com o consumidor, as ações que devem ser seguidas e os erros que devem ser evitados. Após essa abordagem, grandes empresas foram analisadas dentro das mídias sociais e após esse estudo foi possível responder ao problema de pesquisa. Conclui-se que as empresas utilizam as mídias sociais como ferramenta de marketing, que possuem grande impacto na sociedade, mas necessitam ainda evoluir suas estratégias para que os resultados sejam mais eficientes

Searching for unknown open clusters in the Tycho-2 catalog

We present 11 new open cluster candidates found in a systematic search for unknown star clusters using the astrometric and photometric data included in the Tycho2 catalog. The possible existence of these stellar aggregates is supported by the analysis of proper motions, color-magnitude diagrams, stellar density distributions, and by the visual inspection of the Digitized Sky Survey (DSS) plates. With these tools we were able to determine mean absolute proper motions as well as preliminary reddenings, distances and ages for the majority of the candidates. We found that most of them are possibly nearby (closer than about 600 pc) open clusters never studied before.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by A&

Comparative study of two techniques of digital palmar neurorrhaphy in horses

Foram comparadas duas técnicas de neurorrafia em seis eqüinos, divididos em três grupos (G), conforme o tempo para a biópsia. Os animais foram submetidos a neurectomia dos nervos digitais palmares (NDP) e aplicaram-se duas suturas epineurais (SE) e suturas com tubos de silicone (STS) em cada animal. Avaliaram-se os animais mensalmente pelo teste de sensibilidade e exame do aparelho locomotor até a realização das biópsias dos NDP. Aos 30 dias pós-cirurgia foi realizada biópsia no GI, aos 60 dias no GII e aos 180 dias no GIII. Macroscopicamente, o NDP encontrou-se envolvido por tecido conjuntivo fibroso. Microscopicamente, constataram-se proliferação axonal em uma amostra do GI e neuromas nas amostras dos GI, GII e GIII. Houve proliferação de tecido conjuntivo em todos os grupos no local de reparação para SE e adentrando no interior do tubo na STS. Visibilizaram-se infiltrado de células inflamatórias, alterações no coto proximal e degeneração no coto distal na SE e na STS. As técnicas não apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quanto ao grau de regeneração do coto proximal até o coto distal. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTTwo neurorrhaphy techniques were compared using six horses divided in three groups (G), based on the biopsy time. After neurectomy of the palmar digital nerves (DPN), two epineural sutures (ES) and two sutures with silicone tube (STS) were applied in each animal. All animals were evaluated monthly by sensitivity test and locomotor apparatus examination until collection of the suture sites by biopsy. Biopsy procedure was performed at 30 days post surgery in G1, 60 days in G2 and 180 days in G3. Grossly, the digital palmar nerve was involved by fibrous connective tissue. Microscopically, axonal growth in one sample from G1 and neuroma in samples from G1, G2 and G3 were observed. Proliferation of connective tissue occurred in all groups in repaired areas of ES and penetrated in the interior of STS tubes. Inflammatory cells, alterations of the proximal stump and degeneration of distal stump in ES and in STS were observed. Both techniques showed no satisfactory results regarding the degree of regeneration from proximal to distal stump

Caring for caregivers : the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on those responsible for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes

This study aimed to assess the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on guardians of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. An online survey was performed to assess the prevalence of pandemic-related emotional burden, mental health disorders and diabetes-specific emotional burden related to diabetes care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caregivers of children and adolescents with diabetes under the age of 18 and caregivers of youth without diabetes for the non-diabetes group were invited to participate. For the primary outcome, mental health disorders were evaluated using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), while pandemic-related emotional burden and diabetes-specific emotional burden related to diabetes care were evaluated in different domains with specific questions. For analyses, a hierarchical testing strategy was performed. A total of 764 participants were included in the study. Regarding the pandemic period, caregivers of youth with type 1 diabetes endorsed significantly more pandemic-related emotional burden for both themselves (OR 1.67; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.53) and for their child (OR 2.28; 95% CI, 1.54 to 3.38) when compared to the non-diabetes group. The emotional burden evaluation on different age ranges showed that the two groups were similar when the dependent youth was younger than 6 years. Moreover, a positive screening for mental health disorders during social distancing was higher in the diabetes group compared to the non-diabetes group (OR 2.43; 95% CI, 1.70 to 3.47), particularly in those aged under 12 years old. There was no difference between groups in mental health disorders among caregivers of adolescents older than 12 years. Our results allow to conclude that concern, burden and mental health disorders can be present in caregivers of youth with diabetes, and behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic may enhance this situation