Fabrication of Novel In-Situ Remediation Tools for Unconventional Oil Contamination

The aftermath of unconventional oil (UO) accidents highlights the lack of preparedness of governments to deal with UO emergencies. Because bioremediation is considered slow process, physicochemical treatment processes are necessary in removing contaminants to constrain the spread of oil. In preliminary phase of study, bed systems for adsorption of oil compounds packed with modified dolomite were applied as pre-treatment for bioremediation systems. The high affinity of oil molecules to the active sites due to hydrophobic nature of dolomite surface, as well as low solubility of oil in water, resulted in rapid process of oil adsorption on external surface of modified dolomite. UO contaminated site contain high concentration of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Thus, the final phase of study focused on finding enzyme mixture for biodegradation of PAHs contaminated sites for water and soil treatment. In this regard, screening of indigenous bacteria, identification of involved enzymes, and biodegradation tests were carried out. Several combinations of the pre-selected strains were used to create most prompting consortium for enzyme production. To mimic in situ application of enzyme mixture, bioremediation of pyrene contaminated soil was carried out in soil column tests. The average values of pyrene removal after 6 weeks indicated that the enzyme cocktail can be an appropriate concentration for soil enzymatic bioremediation in the soil column system. A bioinspired device was fabricated as a sustainable remedial method. Our results showed that after 200 seconds of circulating the enzyme solution 100% of anthracene in 1.5 L of 4.6 mg/L was removed from the beaker side. In addition to the circulation of PAH degrading enzymes in hollow fiber lumens, aliphatic degrading enzymes confined in multilayer nanofibrous membrane systems play an important role in the removal of oily compounds. Based on our studies, modified polyimide aerogels were suitable to support enzyme immobilization. The degradation tests clearly showed that immobilized enzymes had biodegradation ability for model substrate in contaminated water. Our results confirmed that immobilization of cocktail enzyme mixture enhanced their storage stability, more than 45% of its residual activity at 15 ± 1 ºC for 16 days. This study could set the guideline for the enzymatic bioremediation of aromatic pollutants especially polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in highly contaminated soil and water body

Designing an Organizational Performance Model Based on the Digital Status of the Organization During the Covid-19 outbreak in the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade

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Application of treated eggplant peel as a low-cost adsorbent for water treatment toward elimination of Pb: Kinetic modeling and isotherm study

In this study, treated eggplant peel was used as an adsorbent to remove Pb 2+ from aqueous solution. For this purpose batch adsorption experiments were performed for investigating the effect of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, solute concentrations, and temperature. In order to assess adsorbent’s physical and chemical properties, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used. The results showed that the adsorption parameters for reaching maximum removal were found to be contact time of 110 min, adsorbent dose of 0.01 g/ml, initial lead(II) concentration of 70 ppm, pH of 4, and temperature of 25°C. Moreover, for the experiments carried out at pH > 4 the removal occurred by means of significant precipitation as well as adsorption. Furthermore, these results indicated that the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics model implying that during the adsorption process strong bond between lead(II) and chemical functional groups of adsorbent surface took place. The process was described by Langmuir model (R 2  = 0.99; maximum adsorption capacity 88.33 mg/g). Also thermodynamics of adsorption was studied at various temperatures and the thermodynamic parameters including equilibrium constant (K), standard enthalpy change, standard entropy change, and standard free energy changes were obtained from experimental data

DataSheet1_Immobilized cold-active enzymes onto magnetic chitosan microparticles as a highly stable and reusable carrier for p-xylene biodegradation.PDF

Stability and reusability properties are the two most important factors that determine an enzyme’s application in industry. To this end, cold-active crude enzymes from a psychrophile (xylene monooxygenase (XMO) and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C1,2D) were immobilized on magnetic chitosan microparticles for the first-time using glutaraldehyde as a linker. The potential application of enzyme-loaded magnetic particles to remove and detoxify dissolved p-xylene from water confirmed the synergistic mechanism of degradation for in-situ bioremediation in soil and water. Immobilization was optimized based on four variables, such as magnetic particle (MPs), chitosan, glutaraldehyde, and enzyme concentrations. The immobilized enzymes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The immobilized enzymes showed improved pH tolerance ranging from 4.0 to 9.0, better temperature stability ranging from 5 to 50, higher storage stability (∼70% activity after 30 days of storage), and more importantly, reusability (∼40% activity after 10 repetitive cycles of usage) compared to their free form. Also, the immobilization of enzymes increased the effectiveness of the enzymatic treatment of p-xylene in soil (10,000 mg/kg) and water (200 mg/L) samples. As a result of the superior catalytic properties of immobilized XMO and C1,2D, they offer great potential for in situ or ex-situ bioremediation of pollutants in soil or water.</p