Analysis of a semi-empirical leading-edge slat noise prediction model

In this paper semi-empirical formulas are presented that relate macroscopic flow parameters observed in the slat cove and semi-empirical constants proposed in Guo’s semianalytical model. Fourteen slat configurations were simulatedusing the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) implemented in PowerFLOWR commercial software. These results show an elementary relation between the four semiempirical constants proposed in Guo’s slat model and importantflow parameters, e.g., the shear-layer path length and the maximum shear velocity. Consequently, those four semi-empirical constants were rewritten in terms of two empirical constants which values can be derived fromRANS simulations. The proposed noise prediction model is consequently validated against wind tunnel aeroacoustics tests performed with the 30P30N high-lift device model. Experiments performed in the UTwente AeroacousticWind Tunnel at Rec = 1 x 106 and M = 0.15 showed good overall agreement between noise measurements and the proposed slat noise prediction model

UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP: Promobiendo la ciudadania y la salud de las personas de la tercera edad

Objetivou-se avaliar a autopercepção dos idosos pertencentes à UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP quanto as condições da saúde bucal, por meio da entrevista semidiretiva e da aplicação do Índice de Gohai. O resultado obtido mostra uma condição bucal considerada de “regular” para “boa”. Esse resultado deriva da autopercepção que os entrevistados têm da própria boca, gengivas e dentes, e que justificam pelo fato de 59,26% não usarem próteses totais, apenas 20,40% portarem próteses parciais e 55,56% manterem, por seus critérios, boas condições das gengivas. Quando se relaciona a condição bucal à classe social a qual o idoso pertence, reafirma-se que ela é satisfatória, assim como relatam os diferentes estudos revisados. Apenas 5,26% dos pertencentes à classe média se auto-avaliam como “excelente”, enquanto 34,22% dessa classe e 10,53% dos pertencentes à chamada classe trabalhadora se auto-avaliam com “boa” condição bucal. Quanto ao perfil do entrevistado, 16,67% pertencem ao gênero masculino e 83,33% ao feminino e 51,85% são casados. Com relação à UNATI, 40,74% dos idosos a reconhecem como um centro de convivência, como espaço de atualização do conhecimento e rede de auxílio para novas amizades. Concluiu-se que: (1) o conhecimento sobre a autopercepção dos idosos da UNATI se revela pelo Índice de Gohai como “satisfatória”, segundo os critérios subjetivos, e pela ausência de qualquer incômodo nos últimos meses, devido a bons hábitos bucais, higienização e escolha do creme e da escova dental; (2) é necessário o conhecimento dos fatores epidemiológicos, por meio de exames clínicos, para colaborar na compreensão da auto-avaliação e também para identificar qualquer discrepância entre os critérios subjetivos e os técnicos e, assim, facilitar a elaboração de um programa e de ações educativas direcionando ao autodiagnóstico e autocuidado.The objective was to evaluate the self-perception of the elderly pertaining ones tothe UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP regarding buccal health, by means of the half-directiveinterview and of the application of the Index of Gohai. The result is that the oralhealth was considered as between "regular" and "good". This result comes fromthe self-perception that the interviewed ones have of their own mouths, gingivasand teeth and justified by the fact that 59,26% do not to use complete denture, only20.40% to carry partial dentures; 55,56% to keep, at their discretion, goodcondition of gingiva. Regarding to oral health to the social classroom which theelderly belongs, it is reaffirmed that it is satisfactory, as well as tell the differentrevised studies. But 5.26% of the pertaining ones to the middle classes if selfassessmentas being "excellent", while 34.22% in these classrooms and 10.53% ofpertaining to the calls the diligent classrooms if auto-assessment as having "good"oral health. As of the profile of the interviewed ones, 16.67% are from male genderand 83.33% to the female, and 51.85% are married. With relation to UNATI,40.74% of elder consider it as a aging center, as space of update of theirknowledge and network for new friendships. One concluded that: (1) theknowledge on the self-perception of the aged ones of the UNATI is considered"satisfactory" according to the Index of Gohai, subjective criteria, and for theabsence of any bother in the last months, for the factors as good buccal habits, forthe hygienic cleaning and the choice of the dental cream and the dental brush; (2)the epidemiologistic factors knowledge by means of clinical examinations isnecessary to help understanding of the self-assessment, as well to identify anydiscrepancies between subjective and technician criteria, thus to facilitate theelaboration of a program and educative actions directing to the self-diagnosis andself-care.El objetivo es evaluar la autopercepción de las personas de la tercera edad, pertenecientes a UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP, en relación a las condiciones de la salud bucal, realizado por médio de una entrevista semidirecta y de la aplicación del Índice de Gohai. El resultado obtenido muestra una condición bucal considerada de "regular" para "buena". Ese resultado deriba de la autopercepción que los entrevistados tienen de la propia boca, encias y dientes, y justifican por el hecho de que 59.26% no usaron prótesis total, apenas 20.4% usaron prótesis parcial y 55.56% mantubieron, por sus propios criterios buenas condiciones de las encias. Cuando se relaciona la condición bucal a la clase social a la cual el idoso pertenece, se afirma que ella es satisfactoria, como describen los diferentes estudios analisados. Apenas 5.26% de los pertenecientes a la clase media se autoevaluan como "excelentes", en cuanto que 34.22% de esa clase y 10.53% delos pertenecientes a la llamada clase trabajadora se autoevaluan como condición bucal "buena". En relación al perfil del entrevistado, 16.67% pertenecen al género masculino y 83.33% al femenino y 51.85% son casados. En relación al UNATI, 40,74% de los de la tercera edad lo reconocen como un centro de convivência, como espacio de actualización del conocimiento y red de auxilio para nuevas amistades. Concluimos que: (1) el conocimiento sobre la autopercepción de los dela tercera edad de la UNATI se rebela por el índice de Gohai como "satisfactoria", según los criterios subjetivos, y por la ausencia de cualquier incómodo en los últimos meses, debido a buenos hábitos bucales, higiene y elección de la crema dental y cepillo de dientes; (2) es necesario el conocimiento de los factores epidemiológicos por medio de exames clínicos, para colaborar en la comprensiónde la auto-avaliación y tambien para identificar cualquier conflicto entre los criterios subjetivos y los técnicos y, facilitar la colaboración de un programa y de acciones educativas direccionadas al autodiagnóstico y autocuidado

UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP: Promobiendo la ciudadania y la salud de las personas de la tercera edad

Objetivou-se avaliar a autopercepção dos idosos pertencentes à UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP quanto as condições da saúde bucal, por meio da entrevista semidiretiva e da aplicação do Índice de Gohai. O resultado obtido mostra uma condição bucal considerada de “regular” para “boa”. Esse resultado deriva da autopercepção que os entrevistados têm da própria boca, gengivas e dentes, e que justificam pelo fato de 59,26% não usarem próteses totais, apenas 20,40% portarem próteses parciais e 55,56% manterem, por seus critérios, boas condições das gengivas. Quando se relaciona a condição bucal à classe social a qual o idoso pertence, reafirma-se que ela é satisfatória, assim como relatam os diferentes estudos revisados. Apenas 5,26% dos pertencentes à classe média se auto-avaliam como “excelente”, enquanto 34,22% dessa classe e 10,53% dos pertencentes à chamada classe trabalhadora se auto-avaliam com “boa” condição bucal. Quanto ao perfil do entrevistado, 16,67% pertencem ao gênero masculino e 83,33% ao feminino e 51,85% são casados. Com relação à UNATI, 40,74% dos idosos a reconhecem como um centro de convivência, como espaço de atualização do conhecimento e rede de auxílio para novas amizades. Concluiu-se que: (1) o conhecimento sobre a autopercepção dos idosos da UNATI se revela pelo Índice de Gohai como “satisfatória”, segundo os critérios subjetivos, e pela ausência de qualquer incômodo nos últimos meses, devido a bons hábitos bucais, higienização e escolha do creme e da escova dental; (2) é necessário o conhecimento dos fatores epidemiológicos, por meio de exames clínicos, para colaborar na compreensão da auto-avaliação e também para identificar qualquer discrepância entre os critérios subjetivos e os técnicos e, assim, facilitar a elaboração de um programa e de ações educativas direcionando ao autodiagnóstico e autocuidado.The objective was to evaluate the self-perception of the elderly pertaining ones tothe UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP regarding buccal health, by means of the half-directiveinterview and of the application of the Index of Gohai. The result is that the oralhealth was considered as between "regular" and "good". This result comes fromthe self-perception that the interviewed ones have of their own mouths, gingivasand teeth and justified by the fact that 59,26% do not to use complete denture, only20.40% to carry partial dentures; 55,56% to keep, at their discretion, goodcondition of gingiva. Regarding to oral health to the social classroom which theelderly belongs, it is reaffirmed that it is satisfactory, as well as tell the differentrevised studies. But 5.26% of the pertaining ones to the middle classes if selfassessmentas being "excellent", while 34.22% in these classrooms and 10.53% ofpertaining to the calls the diligent classrooms if auto-assessment as having "good"oral health. As of the profile of the interviewed ones, 16.67% are from male genderand 83.33% to the female, and 51.85% are married. With relation to UNATI,40.74% of elder consider it as a aging center, as space of update of theirknowledge and network for new friendships. One concluded that: (1) theknowledge on the self-perception of the aged ones of the UNATI is considered"satisfactory" according to the Index of Gohai, subjective criteria, and for theabsence of any bother in the last months, for the factors as good buccal habits, forthe hygienic cleaning and the choice of the dental cream and the dental brush; (2)the epidemiologistic factors knowledge by means of clinical examinations isnecessary to help understanding of the self-assessment, as well to identify anydiscrepancies between subjective and technician criteria, thus to facilitate theelaboration of a program and educative actions directing to the self-diagnosis andself-care.El objetivo es evaluar la autopercepción de las personas de la tercera edad, pertenecientes a UNATI/FOSJC/UNESP, en relación a las condiciones de la salud bucal, realizado por médio de una entrevista semidirecta y de la aplicación del Índice de Gohai. El resultado obtenido muestra una condición bucal considerada de "regular" para "buena". Ese resultado deriba de la autopercepción que los entrevistados tienen de la propia boca, encias y dientes, y justifican por el hecho de que 59.26% no usaron prótesis total, apenas 20.4% usaron prótesis parcial y 55.56% mantubieron, por sus propios criterios buenas condiciones de las encias. Cuando se relaciona la condición bucal a la clase social a la cual el idoso pertenece, se afirma que ella es satisfactoria, como describen los diferentes estudios analisados. Apenas 5.26% de los pertenecientes a la clase media se autoevaluan como "excelentes", en cuanto que 34.22% de esa clase y 10.53% delos pertenecientes a la llamada clase trabajadora se autoevaluan como condición bucal "buena". En relación al perfil del entrevistado, 16.67% pertenecen al género masculino y 83.33% al femenino y 51.85% son casados. En relación al UNATI, 40,74% de los de la tercera edad lo reconocen como un centro de convivência, como espacio de actualización del conocimiento y red de auxilio para nuevas amistades. Concluimos que: (1) el conocimiento sobre la autopercepción de los dela tercera edad de la UNATI se rebela por el índice de Gohai como "satisfactoria", según los criterios subjetivos, y por la ausencia de cualquier incómodo en los últimos meses, debido a buenos hábitos bucales, higiene y elección de la crema dental y cepillo de dientes; (2) es necesario el conocimiento de los factores epidemiológicos por medio de exames clínicos, para colaborar en la comprensiónde la auto-avaliación y tambien para identificar cualquier conflicto entre los criterios subjetivos y los técnicos y, facilitar la colaboración de un programa y de acciones educativas direccionadas al autodiagnóstico y autocuidado

Feeling of pleasure to high-intensity interval exercise is dependent of the number of work bouts and physical activity status

Objectives: To examine the affective responses during a single bout of a low-volume HIIE in active and insufficiently active men. Materials and methods: Fifty-eight men (aged 25.3 ± 3.6 years) volunteered to participate in this study: i) active (n = 29) and ii) insufficiently active (n = 29). Each subject undertook i) initial screening and physical evaluation, ii) maximal exercise test, and iii) a single bout of a low-volume HIIE. The HIIE protocol consisted of 10 x 60s work bouts at 90% of maximal treadmill velocity (MTV) interspersed with 60s of active recovery at 30% of MTV. Affective responses (Feeling Scale, -5/+5), rating of perceived exertion (Borg's RPE, 6-20), and heart rate (HR) were recorded during the last 10s of each work bout. A two-factor mixed-model repeated measures ANOVA, independent-samples t test, and chi-squared test were used to data analysis. Results: There were similar positive affective responses to the first three work bouts between insufficiently active and active men (p > 0.05). However, insufficiently active group displayed lower affective responses over time (work bout 4 to 10) than the active group (p 0.05). Conclusions: Insufficiently active and active men report feelings of pleasure to few work bouts (i.e., 3-4) during low-volume HIIE, while the affective responses become more unpleasant over time for insufficiently active subjects. Investigations on the effects of low-volume HIIE protocols including a fewer number of work bouts on health status and fitness of less active subjects would be interesting, especially in the first training weeks

Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p<0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p<0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding