Extrusion of thermoplastic elastomer filaments for the design of multi-polymer structures by 3D printing

El objetivo del proyecto es crear un objeto impreso en 3D mediante FDM (Modelado por Deposición Fundida) con una parte suave y una parte dura combinando sus propiedades y el diseño del objeto. Diseñar un filamento de material blando con buena compatibilidad con un termoplástico, poli (ácido láctico) (PLA) usando diferentes (co)polímeros comerciales para el proceso de extrusión e impresión y por último elegir un método para evaluar la adhesión del filamento diseñado con el filamento de PLA. En este informe se estudia la extrusión y la posibilidad de impresión de diferentes TPE (elastómeros termoplásticos). Primero, se incluye un fondo bibliográfico que presenta el estudio. En segundo lugar, se recopila una lista de los materiales y métodos utilizados para este estudio. Y finalmente, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, así como las perspectivas de conclusión.Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología del Medio AmbienteGrado en Ingeniería Químic

Valoración del desperdicio de alimentos en la localidad de Peñafiel a través de un análisis de la cadena de valor

El desperdicio alimentario es una problemática de gran magnitud y de interés creciente en los últimos años. Debido a esto, numerosas organizaciones y organismos oficiales están poniendo cada vez más interés en desarrollar nuevos canales para devolver a la cadena de alimentación los recursos que se pretenden desperdiciar; y, el primer paso, es realizar una cuantificación de estos desperdicios y encontrar las razones por las que ocurren. En este estudio se han estimado, mediante encuestas y extrapolación, los desperdicios alimentarios que se producen en la localidad de Peñafiel a través de la cadena de valor, para hacerse una idea del desperdicio que se puede producir en una población tipo española.Máster en Calidad, Desarrollo e Innovación de Alimento

Crecer en tiempos de crisis. Cómo son y cómo actúan las empresas de alto crecimiento en Aragón

La consecución de un crecimiento sostenible, eficaz y efectivo es un signo de vitalidad y fortaleza de una empresa, ya que constituye la base de su supervivencia y de su desarrollo futuro. Pese a la dificultad de predecir qué empresas van a explotar en mayor medida su potencial de crecimiento, es posible identificar algunas características o rasgos comunes en las empresas que más crecen. El objetivo principal del presente estudio es caracterizar a las empresas aragonesas que han alcanzado mayores tasas de crecimiento en el reciente período de crisis económica. Se profundiza en el análisis de los factores que resultan determinantes para el crecimiento empresarial con el fin de identificar las claves del éxito de este tipo de entidades. Se analiza, a su vez, su aportación a la creación de riqueza y empleo regional

Incidencia de las Organizaciones Internacionales: PNUD, UNESCO, OIT, FAO, Banco Mundial y ECOSOC, en el Posicionamiento Sociocultural de los Pueblos Originarios, Caso de Estudio: El Salvador- Guatemala en el período 2004-2017

Los pueblos indígenas, también llamados pueblos originarios, primeros pueblos, pueblos aborígenes o autóctonos, residen alrededor del mundo en por lo menos 5,000 grupos diferentes, compuestos de unos 370 millones de personas que viven en más de 70 países de cinco continentes. Su presencia es innegable; sin embargo, muchos de estos pueblos aún viven excluidos de los procesos de toma de decisiones, marginados de los procesos de desarrollo, asimilados a la fuerza y sometidos ante el inevitable paso de una nueva era globalizada que devasta su identidad, orillándolos muchas veces a la negación de la misma y al abandono de costumbres ancestrales. Ante este escenario, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas a través de su Consejo Económico y Social, ha implementado directrices que organismos tales como el PNUD, UNESCO, OIT, FAO y el Banco Mundial rescatan para el desarrollo de su propio mandato. El objetivo es implementar acciones que garanticen el reconocimiento y protección, no solo de sus derechos individuales, sino de aquellos que les pertenecen como colectividad, fundamentales para dichos pueblos en la práctica de su espiritualidad, modos de resolver conflictos, su relación con la tierra y visión del medio ambiente. Dichas acciones han logrado posicionar el tema de los pueblos originarios dentro de los territorios que habitan, exhortando a los Estados a la transformación de su marco institucional a favor de los mismos. Ante tales transformaciones, el Estado salvadoreño y guatemalteco presentan las acciones emprendidas hacia la protección y posicionamiento de los pueblos originarios, habientes de un significativo acervo histórico y cultural de la humanidad

Percutaneous tracheostomy in COVID patients. Experience in our hospital center after one year of pandemic and review of the literature

The pandemic caused by SARS-COV-2 has caused an increase in the need of tracheostomies in patients affected with respiratory distress syndrome. In this article we report our experience during a year of pandemic, we develop our surgical technique to perform percutaneous tracheostomy with the patient in apnea and we compare our results with those of other centers through a bibliographic review. A one-year retrospective clinical study was carried out on tracheotomies performed on patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe SARS-CoV-2, with difficulty for ventilation or weaning. The technique performed was percutaneous, with fibroscopic control through the endotracheal tube, keeping the patient under apnea during the opening of the airway, reducing by this method the risk of exposure to the virus. From 35 percutaneous tracheotomies performed, 31% of the patients died from respiratory complications due to SARS-COV-2, but none due to the surgical procedure. The most frequent complication (8.5% of patients) was bleeding around the tracheostoma, resolved with local measures. No healthcare provider involved in the performance of the technique had symptoms or was diagnosed with COVID-19. Our technique of performing percutaneous tracheostomy maintaining apnea during the procedure, under fibroscopic control, has proven to be safe for all those involved in the procedure, and for the patient

Identification of non-coding genetic variants in samples from hypoxemic respiratory disease patients that affect the transcriptional response to hypoxia

A wide range of diseases course with an unbalance between the consumption of oxygen by tissues and its supply. This situation triggers a transcriptional response, mediated by the hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), that aims to restore oxygen homeostasis. Little is known about the inter-individual variation in this response and its role in the progression of disease. Herein, we sought to identify common genetic variants mapping to hypoxia response elements (HREs) and characterize their effect on transcription. To this end, we constructed a list of genome-wide HIF-binding regions from publicly available experimental datasets and studied the genetic variability in these regions by targeted re-sequencing of genomic samples from 96 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and 144 obstructive sleep apnea patients. This study identified 14 frequent variants disrupting potential HREs. The analysis of the genomic regions containing these variants by means of reporter assays revealed that variants rs1009329, rs6593210 and rs150921338 impaired the transcriptional response to hypoxia. Finally, using genome editing we confirmed the functional role of rs6593210 in the transcriptional regulation of EGFR. In summary, we found that inter-individual variability in non-coding regions affect the response to hypoxia and could potentially impact on the progression of pulmonary diseases.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MICINN) [SAF2011 24225 to LdelP, SAF2014-53819-R to L.delP., B.J.]; Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid [S2010/BMD-2542 to L.delP., F.G.R., J.A.], Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR) [34/2013 to LdelP, F.G.R.]; Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria/Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI13-01512 to F.G.R.]; Fundación Caja Madrid (Beca de Movilidad para Profesores de las Universidades Públicas de Madrid 2011–2012 to L.delP); Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [MOP-82875 to W.W.W.]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [RGPIN355532-10 to W.W.W.]; National Institutes of Health [1R01GM084875 toW.W.W.]; CSIC (Spanish National Research Council) [JAE-Doc grant-2010 to O.R., in part by the European Social Fund]. Spanish science, technology and innovation contract [University of Castilla-LaMancha-2014 to O.R., in part by the European Social Fund]. Funding for open access charge: MICINN [SAF2011 24225 to L.delP., SAF2014-53819-R to L.delP., B.J.

Predictive Power of the "Trigger Tool" for the detection of adverse events in general surgery: a multicenter observational validation study

Background In spite of the global implementation of standardized surgical safety checklists and evidence-based practices, general surgery remains associated with a high residual risk of preventable perioperative complications and adverse events. This study was designed to validate the hypothesis that a new “Trigger Tool” represents a sensitive predictor of adverse events in general surgery. Methods An observational multicenter validation study was performed among 31 hospitals in Spain. The previously described “Trigger Tool” based on 40 specific triggers was applied to validate the predictive power of predicting adverse events in the perioperative care of surgical patients. A prediction model was used by means of a binary logistic regression analysis. Results The prevalence of adverse events among a total of 1,132 surgical cases included in this study was 31.53%. The “Trigger Tool” had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.27% and 79.55% respectively for predicting these adverse events. A total of 12 selected triggers of overall 40 triggers were identified for optimizing the predictive power of the “Trigger Tool”. Conclusions The “Trigger Tool” has a high predictive capacity for predicting adverse events in surgical procedures. We recommend a revision of the original 40 triggers to 12 selected triggers to optimize the predictive power of this tool, which will have to be validated in future studies

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Las empresas de alto crecimiento en Aragón durante la crisis económica

Premios: Premio de investigación "Ángela López Jiménez" 2014Datos tomados de port. del pd