R.G. Collingwood, Analytical Philosophy And Logical Positivism

R.G. Collingwood is not normally associated with analytic philosophy, neither negatively nor positively. He neither regarded himself, nor was regarded by his contemporaries and their successors, as an analytical philosopher. However, the story is more interestingly complex than this, both because Collingwood is one of the few pre-analytics in the UK who continues to be of interest to current analytical philosophers, especially in relation to the philosophy of art and history and his conception of metaphysics, and because he mounted a critique of analytical philosophy in the years of its emergence

Italian triangulations : R.G. Collingwood and his Italian colleagues

Review of History as Thought and Action: The Philosophies of Croce, Gentile, de Ruggiero and Collingwood (Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2014)

Reasoning through Crisis: Crisis, Incommensurability and Belief

This paper draws on Thomas Kuhn’s The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, but it is neither an exposition nor a critique of that book and uses certain concepts from it as a springboard for reflections on the nature of crisis. Kuhn’s key term was paradigm; however, the primary focus of this paper will be on the intertwined concepts of normal and revolutionary science, and one of the concepts central to the latter: crisis. I ask whether crisis necessarily constitutes a break in continuity or practice, together with our understanding of that practice, thereby generating an inability to ‘think through’ crisis (the radical rupture thesis), or whether crisis can be conceived in an evolutionary fashion as a dialectical progression in which tensions and oppositions do not necessarily signify (or result in) a breakdown of the system or our understanding of it (the dialectical thesis). One of the underlying questions to be considered is precisely how far the analogy between natural science and politics is valid. Here my purpose is primarily to explore the issue and to raise questions rather than to provide concrete answers

The movement to create a national gallery of art in eighteenth-century France

This dissertation was submitted to the Department of History and Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.This study will attempt to assess the content, nature, and accessibility of the royal collections during the eighteenth century prior to the Revolution and to trace and to analyze the ever-growing movement for a national museum of art during the decades before 1789. This examination of the attempts made in pre-Revolutionary.France to bring the crown collections to the people is an effort to make a contribution, however. small, to the cultural history of France generally, to the history of the Louvre as a museum peripherally, and to the cultural and intellectual history of the Old Regime particularly

High resolution inelastic electron scattering from lead-208

Inclusive electron scattering differential cross sections from \sp{208}Pb have been measured with energy resolutions better than 20 keV for over 120 discrete states with excitation energies less than 7.3 MeV. The momentum-transfer dependence of these cross sections has been mapped over a range of 0.5 to 2.8 fm\sp{-1} in the forward direction and 1.0 to 2.9 fm\sp{-1} in the backward scattering direction. Over fifty excitations have been analyzed in the Distorted Wave Born Approximation to yield transition charge, current and magnetization densities. The nuclear structure of discrete excitations are interpreted in the framework of 1p-1h transition. The nuclear structure of levels in the excitation region below 4.8 MeV is studied in detail. Above 4.8 MeV, multiplets from single particle-hole configurations coupling to high spin states $(J \geq 7)$ are investigated. Experimental transition densities are compared to Tamm-Dancoff calculations from a correlated ground state

Vitrification of historic and future high level nuclear wastes within alkali borosilicate glasses.

The disposal of highly radioactive and toxic wastes generated by the nuclear industry is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. Currently, in the UK there is a large legacy waste holding which has been accumulating since nuclear energy was first harnessed during World War 2. Processing of this waste with a view to final disposal is a complex and difficult task. This work investigates one aspect of that process, namely turning this waste into glass (or vitrification). This work uses multiple techniques including x-ray absorption spectroscopy, magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamic simulations, to investigate the structural role of Zr02 and U03 within the alkali borosilicate glass used in the UK for waste immobilisation. The effect of these additions on the bulk glass structure and selected glass properties are also explored. In waste glasses Zr occurs as a 6 co-ordinated Zr ion surrounded by Si, B, Na and Li. The effect of Zr02 additions on the bulk glass structure and properties is highly complex. The addition of Zr02 appears to be characterised by a non-linearity in the trends of certain physical and structural parameters. At low levels of Zr02 the level of leaching from the glasses and the coordination of B increase. However, with higher Zr02 contents this trend is reversed. It is believed that the increase in B co-ordination destabilises the glass network and so increases leaching from the glass. Work with Molecular Dynamic (MD) computer simulation of glasses showed the applicability of this approach to nuclear waste glasses and its ability to accurately reproduce changes in glass structure with changing compositions. The possibilities for solubility limit prediction using MD are also shown. In waste glasses U03 is shown to exist as the uranyl (U02)2+ species bound to the glass network. Addition of UO3 to glasses decreases the co-ordination of B requiring 2 moles of alkali oxide to charge compensate its presence within the glass network. This indicates that U acts as an intermediate. Limited leach tests show that the presence of U03 within the glasses destabilises the formation of a gel layer

A practical office procedure for the reduction of the potential transmission of AIDS in the contact lens practice

This paper presents a proposed standardized protocol for the efficient and economical large scale cleaning and disinfection of both soft and rigid contact lenses. In recent years, there has been an increased concern about the possibility of transmitting pathogenic agents via contact lenses. This protocol is primarily concerned with the risks associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus in the general population. The AIDS virus represents a significant risk that must be addressed because of the consequences of contracting the virus and its isolation from the tears of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals

Lead isotope evidence for a young formation age of the Earth–Moon system

AbstractA model of a giant impact between two planetary bodies is widely accepted to account for the Earth–Moon system. Despite the importance of this event for understanding early Earth evolution and the inventory of Earth's volatiles critical to life, the timing of the impact is poorly constrained. We explore a data-based, two-stage Pb isotope evolution model in which the timing of the loss of volatile Pb relative to refractory U in the aftermath of the giant impact is faithfully recorded in the Pb isotopes of bulk silicate Earth. Constraining the first stage Pb isotopic evolution permits calculating an age range of 4.426–4.417 Ga for the inflection in the U/Pb ratio related to the giant impact. This model is supported by Pb isotope data for angrite meteorites that we use to demonstrate volatility-driven, planetary-scale Pb loss was an efficient process during the early Solar System. The revised age is ∼100 Myr younger than most current estimates for the age of the Moon but fully consistent with recent ages for lunar ferroan anorthosite and the timing of Earth's first crust inferred from the terrestrial zircon record. The estimated loss of ∼98% of terrestrial Pb relative to the Solar System bulk composition by the end of the Moon-forming process implies that the current inventory of Earth's most volatile elements, including water, arrived during post-impact veneering by volatile-rich bodies

Language, aesthetics and emotions in the work of the British idealists

This article surveys and contextualizes the British idealists' philosophical writings on language, aesthetics and emotions, starting with T.H. Green and concluding with Michael Oakeshott. It highlights ways in which their philosophical insights have been wrongly overlooked by later writers. It explores R.L. Nettleship's posthumous publications in this field and notes that they exerted significant influences on British idealists and closely related figures, such as Bernard Bosanquet and R.G. Collingwood. The writing of other figures are also explored, not least F.H. Bradley and J.A. Smith. The article concludes by introducing in turn the remaining articles that are found in this special issue