The ASEAN Economic Community and the European experience

In November 2002, it was proposed at the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Heads of Government meeting in Phnom Penh that the region should consider the possibility of creating an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2020. The name is evocative, for an Economic Community immediately brings to mind the European experience. In fact, when the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was re-inventing itself, it was proposed that the words behind the organization's acronym be replaced with Asia-Pacific Economic Community. This idea was rejected explicitly for fear that it would give the impression that APEC was intending to move in the direction of the EC model, which was thought to be too controversial. --

The ASEAN Economic Community and the European experience

In November 2002, it was proposed at the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Heads of Government meeting in Phnom Penh that the region should consider the possibility of creating an ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by 2020. The name is evocative, for an Economic Community immediately brings to mind the European experience. In fact, when the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was re-inventing itself, it was proposed that the words behind the organization's acronym be replaced with Asia-Pacific Economic Community. This idea was rejected explicitly for fear that it would give the impression that APEC was intending to move in the direction of the EC model, which was thought to be too controversial

Neuro-flow Dynamics and the Learning Processes

A new description of the neural activity is introduced by the neuro-flow dynamics and the extended Hebb rule. The remarkable characteristics of the neuro-flow dynamics, such as the primacy and the recency effect during awakeness or sleep, are pointed out.Comment: 8 pages ,10 Postscript figures, LaTeX file, to appear in Chaos, Solitons and Fractal

The Intersectionality of Religion and SocialWelfare: Historical Development of Richmond\u27s Nonprofit Health and Human Services

Studying the intersectionality of religion and social welfare in Richmond, Virginia requires going back to the beginning of the Virginia colony. In the crucible of the colony, the religious and social welfare functions of a parish community were one and the same. However, after the Revolutionary War it was just a matter of time before the entire system was disassembled. The process of disentanglement of church and state created an identity crisis in Virginia. In the late 1700s, the emergence of charitable efforts began with leading men of Richmond who tried to address the temporary needs of travelers, followed by groups of women who discovered new roles they could play through charitable works. The new “system” became a potpourri of societies, congregations, associations, and county units attempting to provide for the social welfare of the populous. The intersectionality of religion and social welfare continued as a diverse landscape of small and large organizations and congregations performing the social welfare functions in Richmond and throughout the Commonwealth emerged. Today, to attempt to separate the church from the state in this conglomerate of agencies is neither possible nor desirable. However, understanding its’ historical complexity is essential if one is to engage in contemporary practice within Richmond’s health and human service system

Double wall heat transfer with full-coverage effusion with and without louver slot cooling

Presented are experimental heat transfer data for five different experimental configurations, where results are provided on different sides of the effusion plate, with full-coverage effusion cooling, both with and without louver slot injection. Three different coolant supply arrangements are considered, including a cross flow only arrangement, an impingement jet array only arrangement, and a combination cross flow and impingement jet array arrangement. Contraction ratios of 1 and 4 are used within the main flow passage to provide streamwise development with a zero pressure gradient, as well as with a strong favorable pressure gradient. With the five configurations, data are given for: (1) the film cooled side of the effusion plate, for effusion only cooling, with a combination coolant supply arrangement, (2) the cross flow side of the effusion plate, for effusion only cooling, with a combination coolant supply arrangement, (3) the film cooled side of the effusion plate, with louver and effusion combination cooling, with a combination coolant supply arrangement, (4) the cross flow side of the effusion plate, with louver and effusion combination cooling, with a combination coolant supply arrangement, and (5) the cross flow side of the effusion plate, with louver and effusion combination cooling, with an impingement only coolant supply. For configurations (1) and (2), also considered are the effects of different coolant supply arrangements on surface thermal performance for both sides of a double-wall cooled effusion plate. Configuration (1) results show that, overall, for larger x/de values, the cross flow/impingement combination behaves in a manner which is similar to the impingement only arrangement. For Configuration (2) Nusselt numbers generally increase with BR for each x/de location. Near impingement jets, Nusselt numbers approach impingement only values. Away from impingement jets, Nusselt numbers approach cross flow only configuration values. Configuration (3) results show that, when compared at the same effective blowing ratio or the same impingement jet Reynolds number, spanwise-averaged heat transfer coefficients are consistently lower, especially for the downstream portions of the test plate, when the louver is utilized. The presence of the louver slot additionally results in significantly larger adiabatic film cooling effectiveness values which are line-averaged, particularly at and near the upstream portions of the test plate. Nusselt numbers increase with BR (as x/de is constant) and proximity to impingement holes for Configuration (4) and for Configuration (5) for high and low mainstream Reynolds numbers

Memories of a redneck-hillbilly family.

Memories of a Redneck-Hillbilly Family' is a memoir, but it functions more like an autoethnography rather than a strict memoir. Jeannette Walls' memoir the Glass Castle reveals a few painful family truths as mine does; however, my tale is not as chronological in form. It is not a mere tale about me or my family, but it is about examining the blood roots from the hillbilly line that originates from Eastern Kentucky. J. D. Vance's book Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in Crisis would be closer to my story as he examined the hillbilly culture in his memoir. My thesis, though, stands a bit apart from other work of its nature. The goal of my thesis was to uncover why I am so different from my family. In this, I seek to understand how much of certain family traits are genetic. I examine the influence from the imprint of hillbilly isolation and living that created people that are family orientated but so set in their ways that even their language has changed little over the course of centuries. In fact, the hillbilly dialect stands virtually unchanged, and one of the only forms of dialect that mirrors Elizabethan language, its Anglo-Saxon roots obvious from the Scott-Irish history. However, I maintain the Rednecks are a separate group of white people living throughout America that have their own culture and values similar yet distinctly differ from their hillbilly cousins. I can see both influences in my immediate family. My work seeks to uncover why I do not follow the paths of my siblings or even many of my hillbilly cousins. Can understanding family members work to help a person understand who they are? Are some traditions or traits so much a part of us that no amount of education can eradicate them? If so, is that okay

The St. Louis Rams: The Greatest Public Financing Show on Earth

This case study research explores how and why the National Football League (NFL) Rams both arrived in St. Louis (in 1995) and departed St. Louis (in 2016). In order to address these questions, through archival and secondary data, the research examines the unique interrelated history of St. Louis and the NFL, including both economics and public financing. As a result, the research is presented in five sections: introduction, NFL economics, St. Louis and the NFL, St. Louis and no NFL, and final remarks. Note: to more fully understand this article, please first read “One Development Project, Two Economic Tales: The St. Louis Cardinals’ Busch Stadium and Ballpark Village” in the Missouri Policy Journal 2 (Fall/Winter)