Proprietá Antiossidanti Di Derivati Apicoli E Altri Alimenti

I potenziali effetti benefici degli antiossidanti sulla salute sono ormai riconosciuti da diversi anni e ciò ha stimolato l’interesse a ricercare in quali alimenti siano più presenti. Questa ricerca approfondisce lo studio dell’attività antiossidante di matrici alimentari e in particolare di prodotti apicoli (miele e polline) che negli ultimi anni hanno ricevuto molto interesse da parte dei ricercatori e dei consumatori sempre più attenti ad una corretta alimentazione ricca di alimenti di elevata qualità e dotati di proprietà funzionali. Dalla letteratura risulta infatti che i derivati apicoli contengono numerose sostanze fitochimiche in grado di proteggere l’organismo umano dallo stress ossidativo. Nello studio sui mieli, l’attività antiossidante di mieli uniflorali italiani è stata caratterizzata e messa in relazione con il loro colore; inoltre è stata valutata l’influenza della provenienza geografica e della specie botanica prevalente sull’attività antiossidante e sul colore di mieli millefiori provenienti da diverse zone della regione Marche. Nella parte di ricerca dedicata ai pollini sono stati determinati l’attività antiossidante, il colore, il contenuto proteico e la granulometria di pollini marchigiani separati in campioni uniflorali. È stata inoltre studiata la variabilità stagionale della composizione botanica e dell’attività antiossidante di pollini multiflorali provenienti dalla Regione Marche. I risultati sia del miele che del polline sono stati elaborati con un approccio di tipo multivariato e indicano che l’attività antiossidante e il colore di entrambe le matrici sono influenzati dall’origine botanica. La tesi di dottorato ha riguardato inoltre lo studio dell’influenza delle condizioni di infusione sulle proprietà antiossidanti e le caratteristiche sensoriali di alcuni tè bianchi e verdi preparati a diverse temperature e tempi di estrazione e l’analisi delle proprietà antiossidanti di succhi di melagrane di diverse cultivar e provenienze geografiche.In the last twenty years the beneficial effects of antioxidants on health have been validated thus increasing research studies to measure the antioxidant’s content of different foods. Antioxidants are present in many foods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes and drinks. This thesis is mainly focused on the study of the antioxidant activity of food and in particular of bee products as honey and pollen. These products are currently receiving a lot of attention from researchers and consumers increasingly interested in the preservation of health through a proper nutrition rich of high-quality foods having also functional properties. Apiculture products, as can be seen from the literature, contain many phytochemicals that can protect the human organism against oxidative stress. The research is divided in two parts, one concerning honeys and the other dedicated to pollens. In the honey project, the antioxidant activity of Italian unifloral honeys and the relationship with their color have been determined. Moreover, the influence of the geographical origin on the antioxidant activity and color of multifloral honeys from different areas of the Marche region has been considered. The research work on pollen has instead focused on the characterization of antioxidant activity, color, protein content and particle size of unifloral pollens and on the analysis of the variation of the botanical composition of multifloral pollens, coming from different areas of the Marche Region (Italy), during the harvest period. The results of both researches have been elaborated with a multivariate approach and indicate that the antioxidant activity and color of each matrix are influenced by botanical origin. In addition, the thesis investigates the influence of infusion conditions on the antioxidant properties and sensory characteristics of some white and green teas and the antioxidant properties of pomegranate juice from different cultivars and geographical origin

Iterleukin 1 alpha is a marker of endothelial cellular senescent

BACKGROUND: The functional changes associated with endothelial senescence may be involved in human aging and age-related vascular disorders. Since the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL-)1 inhibits endothelial growth, we evaluated the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β and their antagonist, the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), in endothelial in vitro senescence and quiescence. We also examined the expression of IL-1α in human senescent and progeric fibroblasts. RESULTS: We found that the overexpression of IL-1α specifically characterizes endothelial senescence. No modulation of this cytokine was observed in endothelial quiescence and in senescent or progeric human fibroblasts. The expression of IL-1β and IL-1ra was also assessed and found not to be affected by senescence. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that a dysfunction of the cytokine network associates with aging and point to a specific role of IL-1α in endothelial senescence

Perspectives and challenges associated with the determination of new psychoactive substances in urine and wastewater – A tutorial

New psychoactive substances (NPS), often designed as (legal) substitutes to conventional illicit drugs, are constantly emerging in the drug market and being commercialized in different ways and forms. Their use continues to cause public health problems and is therefore of major concern in many countries. Monitoring NPS use, however, is arduous and different sources of information are required to get more insight of the prevalence and diffusion of NPS use. The determination of NPS in pooled urine and wastewater has shown great potential, adding a different and complementary light on this issue. However, it also presents analytical challenges and limitations that must be taken into account such as the complexity of the matrices, the high sensitivity and selectivity required in the analytical methods as a consequence of the low analyte concentrations as well as the rapid transience of NPS on the drug market creating a scenario with constantly moving analytical targets. Analytical investigation of NPS in pooled urine and wastewater is based on liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry and can follow different strategies: target, suspect and non-target analysis. This work aims to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different data acquisition workflows and data exploration approaches in mass spectrometry, but also pays attention to new developments such as ion mobility and the use of in-silico prediction tools to improve the identification capabilities in high-complex samples. This tutorial gives an insight into this emerging topic of current concern, and describes the experience gathered within different collaborations and projects supported by key research articles and illustrative practical examples

Pengaruh Perubahan Suhu Udara terhadap Konsumsi Listrik pada Rumah Tangga dan Bisnis di Kota Pekanbaru

Electrics energi have come to commodity requirement of primary in human life, because electrics represent form of energi very practical able to alter from one form to other form, for example altered into form of energi mechanic able to move machine at AC and fan. When air temperature or environmental temperature outside mount, USAge of AC and fan very required to make cool temperature in room or house, because when of external air temperature mount, temperature in room also will be mount too, and electrics consumption also will be mount. This Skripsi explain how big influence of change of air temperature to electrics consumption at business and household in Pekanbaru and what factor is having a signifikan effect. For this research using data of sekunder, obtained fromPLN persero Pekanbaru institutions and Meteorology Station of Klimatologi and Geophysics ( BMKG) Sultan Syarif Kasim II Pekanbaru. Calculation process using statistical analysis, with doubled linear regression with stepwise method. The result for this research is primary factor influencing electrics consumption at business and household is the number of consumer. with coefficient of determinasi at household (R2 = 69,1%) rest 30,9% influenced by other factor, while coefficientof determinasi at business (R2 = 84,6%) rest 15,4% influenced by other factor. While change of temperature do not have an effect on signifikan to electrics consumption at business and household in Pekanbaru

Molecular and electronic structure investigation of encapsulated polytiophenes

Insulated molecular wires (IMWs) are expected to be applied to various optoelectronic applications due to their unique photophysical, electronic, and mechanical properties which originate from the absence of -stacking.[1] Kazunori et al have succeeded in the synthesis of a self-threading polythiophene with a polyrotaxane-like 3D architecture (PSTB, see Figure 1a), for which an intrawire hole mobility of 0.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 has been measured.[2] In this study we aim to evaluate for the first time the extension of the -conjugation in encapsulated polythiophenes. A comparison between the experimental Raman spectra of the self-threading PSTB polymer with their correspondent oligomers (i.e. 2STB-5STB) suggests that the effective conjugation length in the polymer is longer than five monomer units. Whether the effective conjugation length of the polymer is better described by using the long oligomer extrapolation approach or periodic DFT calculations of the polymer is discussed in detailed by exploiting the very recent potentialities of state-of-the-art quantum chemical simulations of vibrational properties for crystalline solids.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Monitoring a large number of pesticides and transformation products in water samples from Spain and Italy

Assessing the presence of pesticides in environmental waters is particularly challenging because of the huge number of substances used which may end up in the environment. Furthermore, the occurrence of pesticide transformation products (TPs) and/or metabolites makes this task even harder. Most studies dealing with the determination of pesticides in water include only a small number of analytes and in many cases no TPs. The present study applied a screening method for the determination of a large number of pesticides and TPs in wastewater (WW) and surface water (SW) from Spain and Italy. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was used to screen a database of 450 pesticides and TPs. Detection and identification were based on specific criteria, i.e. mass accuracy, fragmentation, and comparison of retention times when reference standards were available, or a retention time prediction model when standards were not available. Seventeen pesticides and TPs from different classes (fungicides, herbicides and insecticides) were found in WW in Italy and Spain, and twelve in SW. Generally, in both countries more compounds were detected in effluent WW than in influent WW, and in SW than WW. This might be due to the analytical sensitivity in the different matrices, but also to the presence of multiple sources of pollution. HRMS proved a good screening tool to determine a large number of substances in water and identify some priority compounds for further quantitative analysis.N. I. Rousis and R. Bade acknowledge the European Union’s International Training Network SEWPROF (Marie Curie-FP7-PEOPLE Grant no. 317205) for their Early Stage Researcher contracts. The authors of University Jaume I acknowledge the financial support of Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo II 2014/023) and of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project ref. CTQ2015-65603). The authors are grateful to J. D. Baggott for English editing

Screening of Pharmaceuticals and Illicit Drugs in Wastewater and Surface Waters of Spain and Italy by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry using UHPLC-QTOF MS and LC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS

The existence of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs (PIDs) in environmental waters has led many analytical chemists to develop screening methods for monitoring purposes. Water samples can contain a huge number of possible contaminants, commonly at low concentrations, which makes their detection and identification problematic. Liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) has proven itself effective in the screening of environmental contaminants. The present work investigates the use of the most popular HRMS instruments, quadrupole time-of-flight and linear trap quadrupole-Orbitrap, from two different laboratories. A suspect screening for PIDs was carried out on wastewater (influent and effluent) and surface water samples from Castellón, Eastern Spain, and Cremona, Northern Italy, incorporating a database of 107 PIDs (including 220 fragment ions). A comparison between the findings of both instruments and of the samples was made which highlights the advantages and drawbacks of the strategies applied in each case. In total, 28 compounds were detected and/or identified by either/both instruments with irbesartan, valsartan, benzoylecgonine and caffeine being the most commonly found compounds across all samples

One planet: one health. A call to support the initiative on a global science–policy body on chemicals and waste

The chemical pollution crisis severely threatens human and environmental health globally. To tackle this challenge the establishment of an overarching international science–policy body has recently been suggested. We strongly support this initiative based on the awareness that humanity has already likely left the safe operating space within planetary boundaries for novel entities including chemical pollution. Immediate action is essential and needs to be informed by sound scientifc knowledge and data compiled and critically evaluated by an overarching science–policy inter‑ face body. Major challenges for such a body are (i) to foster global knowledge production on exposure, impacts and governance going beyond data-rich regions (e.g., Europe and North America), (ii) to cover the entirety of hazardous chemicals, mixtures and wastes, (iii) to follow a one-health perspective considering the risks posed by chemicals and waste on ecosystem and human health, and (iv) to strive for solution-oriented assessments based on systems think‑ ing. Based on multiple evidence on urgent action on a global scale, we call scientists and practitioners to mobilize their scientifc networks and to intensify science–policy interaction with national governments to support the nego‑ tiations on the establishment of an intergovernmental body based on scientifc knowledge explaining the anticipated beneft for human and environmental health

Flexible high resolution-mass spectrometry approach for screening new psychoactive substances in urban wastewater

The number of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on the recreational drug market has increased rapidly in the last years, creating serious challenges for public health agencies and law enforcement authorities. Epidemiological surveys and forensic analyses to monitor the consumption of these substances face some limitations for investigating their use on a large scale in a shifting market. The aim of this work was to develop a comprehensive and flexible screening approach for assessing the presence of NPS in urban wastewater by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Almost 200 substances were selected as “priority NPS” among those most frequently and recently reported by the Early Warning Systems (EWS) of different agencies and were included in the screening. Wastewater samples were collected from several cities all over Europe in 2016 and 2017, extracted using different solid-phase cartridges and analysed by LC-HRMS. The screening workflow comprised two successive analytical steps and compounds were identified and confirmed following specific criteria from the current guidelines. Thirteen NPS were identified at different confidence levels by using analytical standards or information from libraries and literature, and about half of them were phenethylamines. As far as we know, this is the first time that four of them (i.e. 3,4-dimethoxy-α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, para-methoxyamphetamine, 2-phenethylamine and α – methyltryptamine) have been found in urban wastewater. The proposed screening approach was successfully applied in the largest NPS European wastewater monitoring, providing an innovative and easily adapted procedure for investigating NPS. In the light of current challenges and specific future research issues, this approach may complement epidemiological information and help in establishing measures for public health protection