UTILIZAÇÃO DE ENSAIOS TECNOLÓGICOS COMO AUXÍLIO NA INTERPRETAÇÃO DO POLIMENTO DE ROCHAS ORNAMENTAIS

O polimento é o principal tipo de acabamento realizado em chapas e ladrilhos de rochas, sendo este realizado pelo atrito gerado no movimento rotacional de elementos abrasivos dispostos em cabeçotes, denominados satélites, sob pressão contra a superfície da rocha. A rocha é um elemento ativo no processo, portanto o conhecimento das propriedades tecnológicas da mesma pode contribuir para melhorar o entendimento desta importante etapa de beneficiamento. Para realização deste trabalho foram selecionados três litotipos rochosos com aspectos petrográficos, texturais e estruturais distintos, justamente para comparar os resultados de caracterização tecnológica e tentar relacionar quais características intrínsecas mais influenciaram na ação de desgaste, subsidiando informações para interpretação do processo de polimento. Os materiais escolhidos foram um charnockito, um monzogranito e um gnaisse inalterados, denominados comercialmente como Verde Labrador, Cinza Castelo e Preto Indiano, respectivamente. Notou-se que dentre os ensaios físicos e mecânicos realizados, os resultados de resistência à compressão uniaxial, densidade aparente, absorção de água, coeficiente de dilatação térmica linear e a propagação de ondas longitudinais não mostram correlações diretas com os resultados experimentais de polimento. Por outro lado, a porosidade aparente, os resultados de ensaios de resistência ao desgaste abrasivo e dureza knoop mostram correlações diretas com a do polimento das rochas

AVALIAÇÃO DE CARACTERÍSTICAS MORFOLÓGICAS E AGRONÔMICAS DE SELEÇÃO DE MUTANTES DE ARROZ (Oryza sativa)

A técnica de mutagênese induzida pode contribuir para a obtenção de materiais superiores.Aliados a isso, métodos estatísticos eficientes como análises multivariadas podem serempregadas para alcançar resultados satisfatórios no tocante a bancos de germoplasma. Ocultivo de arroz irrigado se concentra principalmente nos estados de Santa Catarina e do RioGrande do Sul, sendo que parte das suas áreas de cultivos apresentam problemas relacionadosà salinidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar análises multivariadas para selecionar plantasde arroz mutantes que apresentem tolerância a estresse por salinidade, visando a um ganho deprodutividade em áreas salinização. Inicialmente, sementes de arroz da cultivar SCS 121 CLforam submetidas a três níveis (250 Gy, 275 Gy e 300 Gy) de Radiação oriundas de Cobalto60, no Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA-USP). Estes materiais irradiadosforam levados a campo, de onde se colheram sementes da geração M1, formando-se, assim,um banco de germoplasma de 1541 possíveis mutantes. À colheita das sementes, coletaram-sedados referentes à estatura de planta, data de colheita e dimensões das panículas. A partir dasestatísticas descritivas destes caracteres e de informações do seu comportamento a campo,200 materiais foram pré-selecionados para análises posteriores. Em laboratório, sementes prégerminadas e não irradiadas foram submetidas a testes de germinação, em caixas gerbox,sobre papel para testes de germinação e com água contendo diferentes concentrações decloreto de sódio (NaCl), com o objetivo de encontrar-se uma concentração que causasseestresse ao arroz sem ser letal nos seus estádios iniciais. Este experimento foi conduzido emdelineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições e quatrotratamentos, referentes a diferentes concentrações de salinidade da água de embebição, asaber: 0,0 mM (milimolar), 200,0 mM, 300,0 Mm e 400,0 mM de NaCl. A concentração queobteve o melhor resultado, ou seja, tendo causado aparente estresse, mas não de forma letal àsplântulas, foi a de 200 mM. Esta concentração será utilizada na comparação entre possíveismutantes obtidos por mutagênese induzida com a cultivar que lhes deu origem, de modo adetectar-se diferenças quanto aos seus níveis de tolerância ao estresse salino. A seleção dosmateriais a serem testados foi realizada através de técnicas multivariadas de análise (análisede componentes principais e de agrupamentos), utilizando-se o software R, tendo como baseas 200 plantas pré-selecionadas. As duas primeiras componentes principais explicaram51,70% da variância detectada entre os materiais, os quais foram agrupados em 3 clusters. Oterceiro (15 plantas) conteria os melhores materiais para serem submetidos aos testes detolerância à salinidade

Functional capacity and assistance from the caregiver during daily activities in brazilian children with cerebral palsy

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) presents changes in posture and movement as a core characteristic, which requires multiprofessional clinical treatments during children’s habilitation or rehabilitation. Besides clinical treatment, it is fundamental that professionals use evaluation systems to quantify the difficulties presented to the individual and their families in their daily lives. We aimed to investigate the functional capacity of individuals with CP and the amount of assistance required by the caregiver in day-to-day activities. Methods: Twenty patients with CP, six-year-old on average, were evaluated. The Pediatric Evaluation Inventory of Incapacities was used (PEDI - Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory), a system adapted for Brazil that evaluates child's dysfunction in three 3 dimensions: self-care, mobility and social function. To compare the three areas, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used. Results: We found the following results regarding the functional capacity of children: self-care, 27.4%, ±17.5; mobility, 25.8%, ±33.3 and social function, 36.3%, ±27.7. The results of the demand of aid from the caregiver according to each dimension were: self-care, 9.7%, ±19.9; mobility, 14.1%, ± 20.9 and social function, 19.8%, ±26.1. Conclusion: We indicated that there was no difference between the performance of the subjects in areas of self-care, mobility and social function considering the functional skills and assistance required by the caregiver.UNES

Functional capacity and assistance from the caregiver during daily activities in Brazilian children with cerebral palsy

Abstract\ud \ud \ud \ud Background\ud \ud Cerebral Palsy (CP) presents changes in posture and movement as a core characteristic, which requires multiprofessional clinical treatments during children’s habilitation or rehabilitation. Besides clinical treatment, it is fundamental that professionals use evaluation systems to quantify the difficulties presented to the individual and their families in their daily lives. We aimed to investigate the functional capacity of individuals with CP and the amount of assistance required by the caregiver in day-to-day activities.\ud \ud \ud \ud Methods\ud \ud Twenty patients with CP, six-year-old on average, were evaluated. The Pediatric Evaluation Inventory of Incapacities was used (PEDI - Pediatric Evaluation Disability Inventory), a system adapted for Brazil that evaluates child's dysfunction in three 3 dimensions: self-care, mobility and social function. To compare the three areas, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used.\ud \ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud We found the following results regarding the functional capacity of children: self-care, 27.4%, ±17.5; mobility, 25.8%, ±33.3 and social function, 36.3%, ±27.7. The results of the demand of aid from the caregiver according to each dimension were: self-care, 9.7%, ±19.9; mobility, 14.1%, ± 20.9 and social function, 19.8%, ±26.1.\ud \ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud \ud We indicated that there was no difference between the performance of the subjects in areas of self-care, mobility and social function considering the functional skills and assistance required by the caregiver.This manuscript received financial support from UNESP. The funding body provided financial support to make all procedures and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication

Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The global abundance of tree palms

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe