2,536 research outputs found
AI-Generated Fashion Designs: Who or What Owns the Goods?
As artificial intelligence (âAIâ) becomes an increasingly prevalent tool in a plethora of industries in todayâs society, analyzing the potential legal implications attached to AI-generated works is becoming more popular. One of the industries impacted by AI is fashion. AI tools and devices are currently being used in the fashion industry to create fashion models, fabric designs, and clothing. An AI deviceâs ability to generate fashion designs raises the question of who will own the copyrights of the fashion designs. Will it be the fashion designer who hires or contracts with the AI device programmer? Will it be the programmer? Or will it be the AI device itself? Designers invest a lot of talent, time, and finances into designing and creating each article of clothing and accessory it releases to the public; yet, under the current copyright standards, designers will not likely be considered the authors of their creations. Ultimately, this Note makes policy proposals for future copyright legislation within the United States, particularly recommending that AI-generated and AI-assisted designs be copyrightable and owned by the designers who purchase the AI device
The classical origin of modern mathematics
The aim of this paper is to study the historical evolution of mathematical
thinking and its spatial spreading. To do so, we have collected and integrated
data from different online academic datasets. In its final stage, the database
includes a large number (N~200K) of advisor-student relationships, with
affiliations and keywords on their research topic, over several centuries, from
the 14th century until today. We focus on two different topics, the evolving
importance of countries and of the research disciplines over time. Moreover we
study the database at three levels, its global statistics, the mesoscale
networks connecting countries and disciplines, and the genealogical level
Henri Temianka Correspondence; (caen)
This collection contains material pertaining to the life, career, and activities of Henri Temianka, violin virtuoso, conductor, music teacher, and author. Materials include correspondence, concert programs and flyers, music scores, photographs, and books.https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/temianka_correspondence/1527/thumbnail.jp
« Esprit, es-tu lĂ Â ? » Ăpigramme et satire en 1830
« Pochades », « Bigarrures », « Coups de lancettes »⊠LâĂ©pigramme en 1830 investit la prose journalistique, de la maniĂšre lapidaire et Ă©conome qui constitue sa marque de fabrique. Notre article vise Ă prĂ©senter les ressorts comiques et critiques de cette forme brĂšve. Ă dĂ©crire la rhĂ©torique du sous-entendu qui la fonde, contraintes lĂ©gislatives « aidant ». Ă la rĂ©inscrire, aussi, dans le cadre de lâhistoire culturelle et politique du trait dâesprit : les plumes alertes et acĂ©rĂ©es du Figaro ou de La Caricature font passer dans lâopposition cet apanage de la culture aristocratique quâĂ©taient, chez lâhonnĂȘte homme du xviie et du xviiie siĂšcles, la raillerie et le persiflage. Par-delĂ son caractĂšre divertissant, lâĂ©loquence y devient corrosive. Les circonstances (historiques) et le support (pĂ©riodique) de lâĂ©pigramme font sâactualiser et se rĂ©inventer lâĂ©thique et lâesthĂ©tique du satiriste, tout en distinction et en connivence. CorrĂ©lat mĂ©thodologique : les formes ainsi prises par la satire prouvent la nĂ©cessitĂ©, sâil le fallait, dâancrer la pragmatique du discours dans lâhistoire.âLight sketches,â âBanter,â and âBarbsâ⊠In the 1830s, the epigram was a succinct and pithy part of journalistic prose. This article explores the comical and critical scope of this concise form, its insinuating prose cunningly bucking legal constraints, and places it in its cultural and political context. The acerbic pens of Le Figaro and La Caricature gave the ordinary citizen of the 17th and 18th century a mocking view that was once the exclusive prerogative of aristocratic culture. The entertaining eloquence belied a more caustic intent. The circumstances (historical) and support (periodical) for the epigram shaped the satiristâs ethics and aesthetics in a refined way that cleverly drew in its audience. Methodological correlative: the resulting satirical forms necessarily situated the actual practice of the discourse in history
Consequences of the presence of politicians or employees in the board of directors on the efficiency of firms
Cette thĂšse Ă©tudie lâimpact de la composition du conseil dâadministration sur la performance financiĂšre dâune entreprise. Elle est composĂ©e de trois chapitres. Dans le premier chapitre, nous effectuons une revue de la littĂ©rature sur les conseils dâadministration. Nous pointons lâĂ©volution de la gouvernance des entreprises au cours des derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, et montrons en quoi lâefficacitĂ© des conseils dâadministration est devenue un sujet majeur de ce champ de recherche et une prĂ©occupation importante des actionnaires et des rĂ©gulateurs. En particulier, aprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© le cadre thĂ©orique de la gouvernance, nous prĂ©sentons les rĂ©sultats des articles acadĂ©miques Ă©tudiant lâimpact de la composition du conseil dâadministration sur la performance de lâentreprise. Dans les deuxiĂšme et troisiĂšme chapitres, nous Ă©tudions lâimpact de la prĂ©sence de diffĂ©rents types dâadministrateurs au sein du conseil. Dans le deuxiĂšme chapitre, nous proposons un modĂšle thĂ©orique pour tenter de comprendre et de dĂ©terminer lâimpact de la reprĂ©sentation salariale au conseil dâadministration sur la valeur actionnariale de lâentreprise et sur lâhorizon de ses investissements. Nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que la reprĂ©sentation salariale peut sâenvisager comme un choix, pour les actionnaires, entre liquiditĂ© et information. Nous montrons que lorsque des reprĂ©sentants des salariĂ©s siĂšgent au conseil dâadministration dâune entreprise, celle-ci a une plus grande probabilitĂ© dâinvestir dans des projets Ă long-terme quâune entreprise sans reprĂ©sentation salariale. Nous montrons Ă©galement que les salariĂ©s ayant accĂšs Ă une information interne prĂ©cieuse, leur prĂ©sence au conseil dâadministration peut permettre dâaugmenter la valeur actionnariale de lâentreprise. Ainsi, nous proposons un modĂšle de la reprĂ©sentation salariale cohĂ©rent avec certaines Ă©tudes empiriques. Dans le troisiĂšme chapitre, nous Ă©tudions empiriquement lâimpact des connexions politiques sur le taux dâintĂ©rĂȘt dâemprunts bancaires en utilisant un Ă©chantillon de prĂȘts concernant des entreprises de plusieurs pays. Si ce sujet a dĂ©jĂ Ă©tĂ© largement traitĂ©, nous proposons une nouvelle dĂ©finition de la connexion politique que nous subdivisons en deux catĂ©gories, selon lâexposition mĂ©diatique, forte ou faible, des politiciens. Les politiciens les plus en vue sont aussi ceux pour lesquels le risque dâĂȘtre soupçonnĂ© de conflit dâintĂ©rĂȘt ou de manquement Ă lâĂ©thique est le plus important, et pour qui le coĂ»t dâun scandale est le plus Ă©levĂ©. Aussi discriminons-nous les connexions politiques selon quâelles impliquent des politiciens trĂšs en vue ou des politiciens Ă un niveau infĂ©rieur. Cette division se fonde sur lâhypothĂšse que les politiciens les plus exposĂ©s sont, ayant le plus Ă perdre dâun scandale, disposent de la marge de manĆuvre la plus rĂ©duite en tant que dirigeants dâentreprise et sont donc les moins Ă mĂȘme dâimpacter la performance de lâentreprise. Nos rĂ©sultats confortent la pertinence dâune telle redĂ©finition de la connexion politique en fonction de la visibilitĂ© des politiciens concernĂ©s. Nous montrons en particulier que les entreprises politiquement connectĂ©es qui empruntent auprĂšs de banques politiquement connectĂ©es le font Ă des taux significativement infĂ©rieurs Ă celles non connectĂ©es, et que cet effet est plus important lorsque la connexion de lâemprunteur passe par un politicien moins exposĂ©. Nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que lâeffet est encore plus fort si la banque est elle aussi connectĂ©e par lâintermĂ©diaire dâun politicien moins exposĂ©. Par ailleurs, nous montrons que les entreprises connectĂ©es politiquement empruntent significativement moins auprĂšs de banques connectĂ©es par lâintermĂ©diaire dâun politicien trĂšs exposĂ© mĂ©diatiquement. Nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent enfin que cet effet est plus fort Ă lâapproche dâĂ©lections, un moment il est particuliĂšrement coĂ»teux pour un politicien dâĂȘtre soupçonnĂ© de manquement Ă la dĂ©ontologie.This thesis studies the impact of the composition of the board of directors on the firm financial performance. It consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, we review the literature on boards of directors. We show the evolution of corporate governance over the past decades, and how the efficiency of boards of directors has became a key issue for shareholders and regulators. After describing the theoretical and historical framework, we present and discuss the academic papers studying the impact of board composition on the firm performance. In the second and third chapters, we examine the impact of the presence of different directors on the board. In the second chapter, we provide a theoretical model that aims at understanding and determining the impact of employee representation on the board of directors on the shareholder value of the firm and on its investment horizon. Our results suggest that with employee representation, shareholders face a tradeoff between liquidity and information. We show that a firm with employee representation is more likely to invest in long-term rather than in short-term projects and that, because employees have access to valuable inside information, their presence on the board may increase the shareholder value. Consistent with some empirical studies, we offer some theoretical support for employee representation on the board. In the third chapter, we study the impact of political connections on the rate of interest of bank loans. We conduct a cross-country study of the impact of political connections on bank loans interest rates. While this topic has already been widely investigated, we offer a new definition of political connection. We subcategorize political connections into two categories: politicians with a high media exposure, and lower level politicians. Politicians with business ties bear the risk of being suspected of ethics breaching or of having conflicting interests, which can be costly for their reputation. We discriminate the political connections of firms based on the idea that with greater exposure comes greater risk of suspicion, and thus smaller ability to impact the firm performance. We study the impact of political connection of the borrower as well as of the lender on interest rates. Our results give support to our definition, as we find significant differences depending on the level of visibility of the political connections of the borrower and of the lender. Our results show that politically connected firms which borrow from politically connected banks enjoy a significantly lower rate if they are connected with lower level politicians. Our results suggest that the rate is even lower if the bank also is connected with lower level politicians. Furthermore, our results suggest that politically connected firms tend to avoid borrowing money from banks that are connected with top politicians. Our results also suggest that this effect is stronger in pre-election periods, when the potential cost for politicians of being suspected of collusion is higher
EnquĂȘte de satisfaction sur les collections de livres adultes des bibliothĂšques de Caen
EnquĂȘte de satisfaction par questionnaire sur les collections de livres adultes Ă la bibliothĂšque centre et dans les annexes. Questionnaires, rĂ©sultats et synthĂšse
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