Non-standard Dirac adjoint spinor: The emergence of a new dual

In this present communication we provide a new derivation of the Dirac dual structure by employing a different approach from the originally proposed. Following a general and rigorous mathematical process to compute the dual structure, we investigate if is possible to break the existing "rigidity" in its primordial formulation. For this task, firstly, we look towards to understand the core of the Dirac spinors construction and then, we suggest to built an alternative dual structure for the Dirac spinor, which preserve an invariant norm under any $SL(2,\mathcal{C})$ transformation. Finally, we verify if the prominent physical contents are maintained or if it is affected by such construction.Comment: 7 pages, 0 figure

Questing for Algebraic Mass Dimension One Spinor Fields

This work deals with new classes of spinors of mass dimension one in Minkowski spacetime. In order to accomplish it, the Lounesto classification scheme and the inversion theorem are going to be used. The algebraic framework shall be revisited by explicating the central point performed by the Fierz aggregate. Then the spinor classification is generalized in order to encompass the new mass dimension one spinors. The spinor operator is shown to play a prominent role to engender the new mass dimension one spinors, accordingly.Comment: 7 pages, final version to appear in Eur. Phys. J.

Type-4 spinors: transmuting from Elko to single-helicity spinors

In this communication we briefly report an unexpected theoretical discovery which emerge from the mapping of Elko mass-dimension-one spinors into single helicity spinors. Such procedure unveils a class of spinor which is classified as type-4 spinor field within Lounesto classification. In this paper we explore the underlying physical and mathematical contents of the type-4 spinor.Comment: 9 pages, 0 figure

On the bilinear covariants associated to mass dimension one spinors

In this paper we approach the issue of Clifford algebra basis deformation, allowing for bilinear covariants associated to Elko spinors which satisfy the Fierz-Pauli-Kofink identities. We present a complete analysis of covariance, taking into account the involved dual structure associated to Elko. Moreover, the possible generalizations to the recently presented new dual structure are performed.Comment: 9 pages, 0 figure

Neuroendocrine Regulation of Metabolism

Given the current environment in most developed countries, it is a challenge to maintain a good balance between calories consumed and calories burned, although maintenance of metabolic balance is key to good health. Therefore, understanding how metabolic regulation is achieved and how the dysregulation of metabolism affects health is an area of intense research. Most studies focus on the hypothalamus, which is a brain area that acts as a key regulator of metabolism. Among the nuclei that comprise the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus is one of the major mediators in the regulation of food intake. The regulation of energy balance is also a key factor ensuring the maintenance of any species as a result of the dependence of reproduction on energy stores. Adequate levels of energy reserves are necessary for the proper functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review discusses valuable data presented in the 2015 edition of the International Workshop of Neuroendocrinology concerning the fundamental nature of the hormonal regulation of the hypothalamus and the impact on energy balance and reproduction.Fil: Cornejo, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Hentges, S.T.. State University of Colorado - Fort Collins; Estados UnidosFil: Maliqueo, M.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Coirini, Hector. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Becu Villalobos, D.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Fundación de Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Elias, C. F.. University of Michigan; Estados Unido

On the Spinor Representation

A systematic study of the spinor representation by means of the fermionic physical space is accomplished and implemented. The spinor representation space is shown to be constrained by the Fierz-Pauli-Kofink identities among the spinor bilinear covariants. A robust geometric and topological structure can be manifested from the spinor space, wherein, for instance, the first and second homotopy groups play prominent roles on the underlying physical properties, associated to the fermionic fields.Comment: 16 page

Point sets that minimize (≤k)(\le k)-edges, 3-decomposable drawings, and the rectilinear crossing number of K30K_{30}

There are two properties shared by all known crossing-minimizing geometric drawings of $K_n$, for $n$ a multiple of 3. First, the underlying $n$-point set of these drawings has exactly $3\binom{k+2}{2}$ $(\le k)$-edges, for all $0\le k < n/3$. Second, all such drawings have the $n$ points divided into three groups of equal size; this last property is captured under the concept of 3-decomposability. In this paper we show that these properties are tightly related: every $n$-point set with exactly $3\binom{k+2}{2}$ $(\le k)$-edges for all $0\le k < n/3$, is 3-decomposable. As an application, we prove that the rectilinear crossing number of $K_{30}$ is 9726.Comment: 14 page

How to differentially detect potentially risky human papilloma virus strains in the human population?

The human papillomavirus (HPV) represents one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, knowing more than 100 viral types that, in relation to their oncological pathogenesis, are classified into types of high and low oncological risk. Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from malignant neoplasms in women. HPV can often cause warts. Most types of this virus are harmless, but a percentage of them are associated with an increased risk of cancer. These types are born from the genitals and are acquired through sexual contact with an engaged partner. Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death from malignant neoplasms in women. HPV infection is responsible for various lesions in different areas of the body. Common warts are the most frequent. They consist of whitish papillomatous lesions that can be in any area, oral mucosa, genital mucosa, etc. Most people infected with the genital human papillomavirus are only carriers. It usually has no symptoms and goes away on its own, without causing serious health problems. There is no cure for HPV, but there are treatments for the health problems that some types of HPV can cause, such as genital warts and cervical cancer. Thanks to cytology and histopathology, it can be detected and treated promptly, reducing the impact of this disease. In addition, there are vaccines that promise to reduce this cancer, especially in countries with the highest number of cases. The virus can remain in the body, even after receiving treatment for genital warts. This means that HPV can still be transmitted to sexual partners, despite not having physical manifestations of it. This work will present the bases for the differential detection between the riskiest HPV strains: HPV-18 and HPV-16 through their detection using the amazing idea of Kary Mullis: Polymerase Chain Reaction