Simplified method measures changes in tensile yield strength using least number of specimens

Simplified method determines yield strength due to heat treat, irradiation or mechanical treatment. Each specimen in a group of specimens is tested for yield stress point, subjected to heat treat or irradiation, and retested for new yield stress point which is a measure of change in material

Alexander Hamilton: The Unloved and Forgotten Founding Father

As Americans, we tend to place a high importance on our Founding Fathers. There are streets, schools, monuments, cities, money and more all bearing the name or image of Founding Fathers. In looking at these it becomes apparent that history has not treated all of the Founding Fathers kindly, or equally. Alexander Hamilton, who was undeniably vital to the country?s formation, has become forgotten and actually viewed unfavorably. This negative perception that people have of Alexander Hamilton has been somewhat written about, but among scholars no one has been able to pinpoint its origin. The goal of this paper is to analyze the theories that have been previously written, combined with letters from Hamilton and his peers, in an attempt to come to a conclusion regarding Hamilton's perhaps unfounded bad reputation. Based on this method, a new theory has been found by looking at the previous theories in a new way: as a whole. Alexander Hamilton has come to be regarded with a negative reputation because of his disagreements with Thomas Jefferson, his own personality flaws, combined with Americans tendency to push him away because he reminds us of facts we would rather not remember. Hamilton was also an easy target for those seeking to attack him. This uneven memory of the Founding Fathers is changing though, with new and more truthful biographies about the individuals being published

Understanding Changes in Mâori Incomes and Income Inequality 1997-2003

This paper reports findings from a study of changes in Mâori income levels and income dispersion between 1997 and 2003. Data from Statistics New Zealand’s Income Survey are used to describe and evaluate the main changes in the Mâori income distribution in this period, which was marked by substantial increases in employment rates and improvements in the skill levels of working-aged Mâori. A parallel analysis of the main changes in the European/Pâkehâ income distribution is provided for comparative purposes. The results show significant reductions in the proportion of Mâori with no weekly income in the reference week, or incomes of $150–200 a week, and significant increases in the proportion with incomes above the peak income level of approximately$550 per week. Income inequality within the total working-aged Mâori population declined, while income inequality among employed Mâori was stable. An analysis of some of the key factors contributing to change in the income distribution suggests that the transition of many Mâori into employment during this period was the single most important driver of change.Individual income distribution; Inequality; Mâori; Kernel density estimation

Changes in the Maori Income Distribution: Evidence from the Population Census

This paper uses census data to identify the main changes in the individual-level income distribution of working-aged Maori between 1991 and 2001, and to analyse the effects of changes in the distribution of socio-demographic attributes and labour market activity patterns on the Maori income distribution. There was substantial real income growth at most points in the income distribution, and particularly at points above the 30th percentile, but a decline in real incomes at the very lowest percentiles. The socio-demographic and labour market changes considered help to explain much of the income growth that was recorded at lower-middle to upper levels of income. However, they fail to account for the increase in the proportion of people with negative, nil, or very low incomes.Individual income distribution, Inequality, Maori

Understanding Changes in Maori Incomes and Income Equality 1997-2003

This paper reports findings from a study of changes in Maori income levels and income dispersion between 1997 and 2003. Data from Statistics New Zealand's Income Survey are used to describe and evaluate the main changes in the Maori income distribution in this period, which was marked by substantial increases in employment rates and improvements in the skill levels of working-aged Maori. A parallel analysis of the main changes in the European/Pakeha income distribution is provided for comparative purposes. The results show significant reductions in the proportion of Maori with no weekly income in the reference week, or incomes of $150-200 a week, and significant increases in the proportion with incomes above the peak income level of approximately$550 per week. Income inequality within the total working-aged Maori population declined, while income inequality among employed Maori was stable. An analysis of some of the key factors contributing to change in the income distribution suggests that the transition of many Maori into employment during this period was the single most important driver of change.Individual income distribution; Inequality; Maori; Kernel density estimation

Changes in the Mâori Income Distribution: Evidence from the Population Census

This paper uses census data to identify the main changes in the individual-level income distribution of working-aged Mâori between 1991 and 2001, and to analyse the effects of changes in the distribution of socio-demographic attributes and labour market activity patterns on the Mâori income distribution. There was substantial real income growth at most points in the income distribution, and particularly at points above the 30th percentile, but a decline in real incomes at the very lowest percentiles. The socio-demographic and labour market changes considered help to explain much of the income growth that was recorded at lower- middle to upper levels of income. However, they fail to account for the increase in the proportion of people with negative, nil, or very low incomes.Individual income distribution, Inequality, Mâori

BRS Cohomology of the Supertranslations in D=4

Supersymmetry transformations are a kind of square root of spacetime translations. The corresponding Lie superalgebra always contains the supertranslation operator $\delta = c^{\alpha} \sigma^{\mu}_{\alpha \dot \beta} {\overline c}^{\dot \beta} (\epsilon^{\mu})^{\dag}$. We find that the cohomology of this operator depends on a spin-orbit coupling in an SU(2) group and has a quite complicated structure. This spin-orbit type coupling will turn out to be basic in the cohomology of supersymmetric field theories in general.Comment: 14 pages, CTP-TAMU-13/9

Loads and aeroelasticity division research and technology accomplishments for FY 1985 and plans for FY 1986

The Langley Research Center Loads and Aeroelasticity Division's research accomplishments for FY85 and research plans for FY86 are presented. The rk under each branch (technical area) will be described in terms of highlights of accomplishments during the past year and highlights of plans for the current year as they relate to five year plans for each technical area. This information will be useful in program coordination with other government organizations and industry in areas of mutual interest