1,000 research outputs found
Verifying Safety Properties With the TLA+ Proof System
TLAPS, the TLA+ proof system, is a platform for the development and
mechanical verification of TLA+ proofs written in a declarative style requiring
little background beyond elementary mathematics. The language supports
hierarchical and non-linear proof construction and verification, and it is
independent of any verification tool or strategy. A Proof Manager uses backend
verifiers such as theorem provers, proof assistants, SMT solvers, and decision
procedures to check TLA+ proofs. This paper documents the first public release
of TLAPS, distributed with a BSD-like license. It handles almost all the
non-temporal part of TLA+ as well as the temporal reasoning needed to prove
standard safety properties, in particular invariance and step simulation, but
not liveness properties
Joint International Grassland and International Rangeland Congress Kenya 2021: Grasslands Summary
This summary used as its main sources the plenary and keynote papers and talks in Sub-theme 2: Forage Production and Utilization and Sub-theme 3: Livestock Production Systems as well as a sampling of oral talks presented at the XXIV International Grassland Congress (IGC). This IGC was held virtually and jointly with the International Rangeland Congress and hosted in Nairobi, Kenya during 23-29 October 2021. The XXIV IGC was also the first to be held on the African continent in Congress\u27 94-year history. The summary is further focused on that information presented under the concept cultivated grasslands (e.g., a small number of species exposed to high management inputs) and is independent of the rangeland summary presented elsewhere in these proceedings. As with all previous IGCs, pasture productivity, quality, and persistence were emphasized, but understandably, mainly for aspects relevant to Africa and the tropics. However, carbon sequestration, pasture resilience, adaptation, and greenhouse gas mitigation were addressed as part of cultivated grassland management. These additional concerns will challenge everyone as new technological advances are deployed into global agriculture. Impacts on social, environmental, and economic issues remain important, but ill-defined. Future considerations include improving research and out-reach programs for the tropics, but especially adaptation of both tropical and temperate systems to projected climate change issues such as higher temperatures and inconsistent rainfall for all geographies. Fitting the current sustainability narrative to the science and not the other way around is important going forward. Finally, one must keep in mind how pastoralists and producers will be impacted with any future research projects and policy changes
Get Rid of Unanimity Rule: The Superiority of Majority Rules with Veto Power
We study unanimous decision making under incomplete information. We argue that all unanimous decision rules are not equivalent. We show that majority rules with veto power are (i) Pareto superior to commonly used unanimous rules, and (ii) ex-ante efficient in a broad class of situations
Fast production of Bose-Einstein condensates of metastable Helium
We report on the Bose-Einstein condensation of metastable Helium-4 atoms
using a hybrid approach, consisting of a magnetic quadrupole and a crossed
optical dipole trap. In our setup we cross the phase transition with 2x10^6
atoms, and we obtain pure condensates of 5x10^5 atoms in the optical trap. This
novel approach to cooling Helium-4 provides enhanced cycle stability, large
optical access to the atoms and results in production of a condensate every 6
seconds - a factor 3 faster than the state-of-the-art. This speed-up will
dramatically reduce the data acquisition time needed for the measurement of
many particle correlations, made possible by the ability of metastable Helium
to be detected individually
Unanimous rules in the laboratory
We study the information aggregation properties of unanimous voting rules in the laboratory. In line with theoretical predictions, we find that majority rule with veto power dominates unanimity rule. We also find that the strategic voting model is a fairly good predictor of subject behavior. Finally, we exploit a framing effect to study how the presence of less sophisticated agents affects Veto's welfare properties.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
P04-26. Immunological tolerance prevents the expression of a broadly reactive neutralizing HIV-1 antibody
D-Cycloserine as an augmentation strategy for cognitive behavioral therapy of anxiety disorders
The goal of this review is to examine the clinical studies on d-cycloserine, a partial glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate agonist, as an augmentation strategy for exposure procedures during cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders. Although cognitive behavioral therapy and anxiolytic medications are more effective than placebo for treating anxiety disorders, there is still considerable room for further improvement. Traditional combination strategies typically yield disappointing results. However, recent studies based on translational research have shown promise to augment the neural circuitry underlying fear extinction with pharmacological means. We discuss the current state of the literature, including inconsistencies of findings and issues concerning the drug mechanism, dosing, and dose timing. D-cycloserine is a promising combination strategy for cognitive behavioral therapy of anxiety disorders by augmenting extinction learning. However, there is also evidence to suggest that d-cycloserine can facilitate reconsolidation of fear memory when exposure procedures are unsuccessful
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