A Top-Down Technique as an Analysis Tool for Auger Fluorescence Data

Abstract The Auger Observatory aims at the detection of Ultra-High-Energy CosmicRays by employing an array of ground-particle counters overviewed by atmospheric fluorescence telescopes -a mini prototype of which has been operative since 12/2001 near the town of Malargue in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. Conventional bottomup fluorescence data analyses techniques convert photons entering the telescope's diaphragm to shower size; energy and primary composition are then estimated by fitting a Gaisser-Hillas distribution. In this paper we discuss the potential capabilities of a top-down technique based on a robust primary energy estimator. Such technique uses hundreds of very fast-simulated shower longitudinal profiles and calculates their corresponding photon profiles seen by the telescopes. Primary energy and composition follow from maximum likelihood or chi-squared analyses

Different Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) represent clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders in which genetic and/or epigenetic alteration are involved in the normal function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This results in the development of blood cytopenias and bone marrow dysplasia. In recent years, therapy with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) in combination with supportive therapies is recommended as frontline treatment for patients with high-risk MDSs according to International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS HR-MDS). Therapy with HMAs is essential namely for IPSS HR-MDS patients who do not proceed to immediate allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). For IPSS LR-MDS (International Prognostic Scoring System, low-risk MDSs) patients, however, supportive therapies and growth factors are the mainstay of treatment. Some patients in this group are treated with immunomodulatory agents derived from thalidomide (lenalidomide) or using immunosuppressive therapy (IST). The therapeutic decisions can change during the course of the disease based on changes in risk-category and the functional status of patients, in response to prior therapies, changes in patient preferences, and other factors

The 2021 Open-Data release by the Pierre Auger Collaboration

The Pierre Auger Observatory is used to study the extensive air-showers produced by cosmic rays above 10$^{17}$ eV. The Observatory is operated by a Collaboration of about 400 scientists, engineers, technicians and students from more than 90 institutions in 18 countries. The Collaboration is committed to the public release of their data for the purpose of re-use by a wide community including professional scientists, in educational and outreach initiatives, and by citizen scientists. The Open Access Data for 2021 comprises 10% of the samples used for results reported at the Madison ICRC 2019, amounting to over 20000 showers measured with the surface-detector array and over 3000 showers recorded simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors. Data are available in pseudo-raw (JSON) format with summary CSV file containing the reconstructed parameters. A dedicated website is used to host the datasets that are available for download. Their detailed description, along with auxiliary information needed for data analysis, is given. An online event display is also available. Simplified codes derived from those used for published analyses are provided by means of Python notebooks prepared to guide the reader to an understanding of the physics results. Here we describe the Open Access data, discuss the notebooks available and show material accessible to the user at https://opendata.auger.org/