Ultrastructure of Spermatozoa from Infertility Patients

Standard examination of human semen currently remains a main test for examination of male fertility disorders. Although parameters of sperm quality in fertile men are generally higher than in sterile ones, there is a substantial overlap between the two populations, indicating that other important factors affect fertility, but are not assessed in conventional assay. Currently, tests determining the functional properties of sperm have been intensively developed. This review considers an electron microscopic examination of sperm, which assesses the structure and function of the sperm nuclear, penetration and motor apparatus. The detection of sperm chromatin structure can help to understand the causes of early embryonic malformation. Genetically caused and functional disorders of the structure and function of spermatozoa are discussed. Indications for electron microscopic examination of spermatozoa in fertility disorders are given

The use of information computer technologies in the independent consolidation of knowledge in younger schoolchildren in the correction of dysgraphy

The relevance of studying the formation of independent consolidation of knowledge in children with disabilities is presented in a reasoned manner. Information and communication technologies are proposed by the authors as a tool for self-consolidation of knowledge. The authors consider such categories as independence, skills formation and children with disabilities, students with disabilities. Three directions in the theory of independent activity of P.I. Pidkasisty are revealed. The following authors made a great contribution to the study of self-consolidation of knowledge in children with disabilities: A. I. Herzen, V. G.Belinsky, N. A. Dobrolyubov, N. G. Chernyshevsky, D. I. Pisarev, E.Ya. Golant, Ushinsky K.D., Kaptereva P.F., Vakhterova V.P. In the study, the authors selected subcategories of children with disabilities, especially children with oral and written speech violation. L.S. Volkova’s classification of written speech is revealed. The group of 40 primary school students (second grades) took part in the study. The analyzed speech disorders in children of primary school age revealed the importance of independent consolidation skills of knowledge at all stages of remedial work. The results of studies revealing the peculiarity of using information and communication technologies (ICT) in the process of forming of independent consolidation skills of knowledge in children are considered. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the speech therapy program for the correction of written speech in primary schoolchildren with developmental language disorder (DLD) and using of computer technology, and the peculiarity of consolidating new knowledge at each stage of the study. The possibilities of using ICT as an effective resource for the formation of the of self-consolidation skills of knowledge in children with speech disorders are shown

Принципы комплектования научной библиотеки на современном этапе развития информационных технологий

Library collections make the core of every library. The author investigates into the theoretical aspects of library collection development as promoted by modern Russian library studies. She specifies the series of principled rules which names and contents reflect both the current needs of libraries and their collections as well as researchers’ suggested solutions. Quite simple classification of library collection development principles is suggested: division them into general, or intrinsic to every library, and special principles - those realized by specific library types.Рассмотрены теоретические взгляды на библиотечный фонд и принципы его формирования в современном отечественном библиотековедении. Представлены принципы-правила, названия и содержание которых отражают как текущие потребности самих библиотек и их фондов, так и взгляды учёных на способы решения проблемы. Предложена достаточно простая классификация принципов комплектования библиотечных фондов: деление на общебиблиотечные - присущие всем библиотекам, и специальные - необходимые отдельным типам библиотек

Genes of the Glutamatergic System and Tardive Dyskinesia in Patients with Schizophrenia

Background: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an extrapyramidal side effect of the long-term use of antipsychotics. In the present study, the role of glutamatergic system genes in the pathogenesis of total TD, as well as two phenotypic forms, orofacial TD and limb-truncal TD, was studied. Methods: A set of 46 SNPs of the glutamatergic system genes (GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIK4, GRM3, GRM7, GRM8, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC17A7) was studied in a population of 704 Caucasian patients with schizophrenia. Genotyping was performed using the MassARRAY Analyzer 4 (Agena Bioscience™). Logistic regression analysis was performed to test for the association of TD with the SNPs while adjusting for confounders. Results: No statistically significant associations between the SNPs and TD were found after adjusting for multiple testing. Since three SNPs of the SLC1A2 gene demonstrated nominally significant associations, we carried out a haplotype analysis for these SNPs. This analysis identified a risk haplotype for TD comprising CAT alleles of the SLC1A2 gene SNPs rs1042113, rs10768121, and rs12361171. Nominally significant associations were identified for SLC1A3 rs2229894 and orofacial TD, as well as for GRIN2A rs7192557 and limb-truncal TD. Conclusions: Genes encoding for mGlu3, EAAT2, and EAAT1 may be involved in the development of TD in schizophrenia patients

Search for Possible Associations of FTO Gene Polymorphic Variants with Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity and Body Mass Index in Schizophrenia Patients

PURPOSE: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. FTO gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, but the available scientific data concerning their relationship to antipsychotic drug-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome is still incomplete and inconsistent, which indicates that continuing the investigation of this gene’s role is necessary. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In the present study, 517 patients with schizophrenia underwent antipsychotic drug treatment, and two groups were identified: patients with MetS and without MetS. Genotyping of 6 SNPs in the FTO gene was performed, and the results analyzed using R-programme. RESULTS: We performed a statistical analysis to identify possible associations of the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of the studied polymorphisms with the presence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients, with the presence of abdominal obesity, and with an increased body mass index. The rs7185735 polymorphism did not meet the Hardy-Weinberg criterion and was excluded. After correcting for differences in age, gender and duration of illnesses, none of the variants was shown to be related to metabolic syndrome or abdominal obesity, but rs9939609, rs1421085, rs3751812 and rs8050136 were associated with body mass index. CONCLUSION: The present study provides additional support for these SNP’s roles as a pharmacogenetic biomarker that may become useful in the framework of the personalized medicine approach

Genetic Polymorphisms of 5-HT Receptors and Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in Patients with Schizophrenia

Background: Antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifactorial disease with a genetic predisposition. Serotonin and its receptors are involved in antipsychotic-drug-induced metabolic disorders. The present study investigated the association of nine polymorphisms in the four 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (HTR) genes HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR3A, and HTR2C and the gene encoding for the serotonin transporter SLC6A4 with MetS in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A set of nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes of the serotonergic system was investigated in a population of 475 patients from several Siberian regions (Russia) with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Genotyping was performed and the results were analyzed using chi-square tests. Results: Polymorphic variant rs521018 (HTR2C) was associated with higher body mass index in patients receiving long-term antipsychotic therapy, but not with drug-induced metabolic syndrome. Rs1150226 (HTR3A) was also associated but did not meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Conclusions: Our results indicate that allelic variants of HTR2C genes may have consequences on metabolic parameters. MetS may have too complex a mechanistic background to be studied without dissecting the syndrome into its individual (causal) components

The Gender-Specific Association of DRD2 Polymorphism with Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome is widespread in patients with schizophrenia receiving long-term antipsychotic therapy. Dopamine D2 receptors play an important role in mediating both the therapeutic actions of antipsychotics and their side effects. The present study examined the association of two polymorphisms of the DRD2 gene with metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: We examined 517 patients from several regions of Siberia (Russia) with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia. Genotyping of two single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1799732 and rs4436578 of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (DRD2) was performed in a population of 471 patients. The results were analyzed using chi-square tests. RESULTS: Functional polymorphism rs1799732 of the DRD2 gene is associated with drug-induced metabolic syndrome in women with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the DRD2 gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in patients with schizophrenia. Further analysis of possible genetic markers will allow for personalized treatment with minimal side effects and optimal efficacy. This which seems relevant in light of the recent focus on improving the quality of life and ensuring a high level of social adaptation of patients with schizophrenia

Teoretyczne i praktyczne aspekty współczesnej edukacji

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

Konteksty wychowania i edukacji a kształcenie nauczycieli w rzeczywistości ponowoczesnej

Praca recenzowana / peer-reviewed pape

Dylematy współczesnego wychowania i edukacji

Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publicationZe wstępu: Tematyka tomu koncentruje się wokół kluczowych problemów współczesnej oświaty i efektywnych sposobów ich przezwyciężania. Autorzy podjęli problemy dotyczące zagadnień metodologicznych, kontekstów wychowania szkolnego, dydaktyki szkoły wyższej, pedagogiki rodziny, kształcenia nauczycieli oraz zagadnień związanych z tłem społecznym i politycznym edukacji, a także uwarunkowaniami współczesnej edukacji. Dyskutowano też kwestie teleologii edukacji, określania jej celów ogólnych, pośrednich, szczegółowych i operacyjnych. Wymiana poglądów objęła również problematykę trwających przemian merytorycznych i reform strukturalnych w niektórych systemach oświatowych