Ovid\u27s Insight into the Minds of Abandoned Women

Mythical heroines, such as Penelope of the Odyssey, often took minor roles in literature, ones in which their characters\u27 complexities were not addressed. Ovid revived the heroines of tradition and gave them voices which expressed realistic feelings and thoughts in his Heriodes. In these fictional letters to absent lovers, Ovid creates realistic characters, each of whom reacts to her abandonment with an insightful feminine voice. By examining the heriones\u27 voice and the ways in which the Heriodes differs from the literary tradition, and by considering the effects of the epistolary genre on the characters\u27 voices, I argue that Ovid managed to create realistic, feminine personas to be the authors of his letters

On verbal subgroups of finitely generated nilpotent groups

The paper concerns the problem of characterization of verbal subgroups in finitely generated nilpotent groups. We introduce the notion of verbal poverty and show that every verbally poor finitely generated nilpotent group is a finite p-group with the lower p-central series for certain prime p. We conclude with few examples of verbally poor groups

Origin of attraction between likely charged hydrophobic and hydrophilic walls confining near-critical binary aquaeous mixture with ions

Effect of ionic solute on a near-critical binary aqueous mixture confined between charged walls with different adsorption preferences is considered within a simple density functional theory. For the near-critical system containing small amount of ions a Landau-type functional is derived based on the assumption that the correlation, $\xi$, and the Debye screening length, $\kappa^{-1}$, are both much larger than the molecular size. The corresponding approximate Euler-Lagrange equations aresolved analytically for ions insoluble in the organic solvent. Nontrivial concentration profile of the solvent is found near the charged hydrophobic wall as a result of the competition between the short-range attraction of the organic solvent and the electrostatic attraction of the hydrated ions. Excess of water may be present near the hydrophobic surface for some range of the surface charge and $\xi\kappa$. As a result, the effective potential between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic surface can be repulsive far from the critical point, then attractive and again repulsive when the critical temperature is approached, in agreement with the recent experiment [Nellen at.al., Soft Matter {\bf 7}, 5360 (2011)]

Stability of additive-free water-in-oil emulsions

We calculate ion distributions near a planar oil-water interface within non-linear Poisson-Boltzmann theory, taking into account the Born self-energy of the ions in the two media. For unequal self-energies of cations and anions, a spontaneous charge separation is found such that the water and oil phase become oppositely charged, in slabs with a typical thickness of the Debye screening length in the two media. From the analytical solutions, the corresponding interfacial charge density and the contribution to the interfacial tension is derived, together with an estimate for the Yukawa-potential between two spherical water droplets in oil. The parameter regime is explored where the plasma coupling parameter exceeds the crystallization threshold, i.e. where the droplets are expected to form crystalline structures due to a strong Yukawa repulsion, as recently observed experimentally. Extensions of the theory that we discuss briefly include numerical calculations on spherical water droplets in oil, and analytical calculations of the linear PB-equation for a finite oil-water interfacial width.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted by JPCM for proceedings of LMC

Investigation of ternary binder based systems in terms of Calorimetry, Shrinkage and In-Situ XRD

Ternary binders are defined in this study as compositions of Calcium Aluminate Cement (CAC), Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and Calcium Sulfate (CS̅). Several mixtures were studied, calorimetric and shrinkage technique has been used to follow the hydration during 24 hours. The XRD technique is used as support in the analysis of the hydration products. The results have shown that the initial amount of ��� and �� play a key role in the hydration of ��/���/�� mixtures and especially affect the formation of ettringite. The mechanism of reactions (hydration kinetic) and the reactions speed (acceleration or retardation) depends by the aggregates (LSP, QP) put in the different binders. The addition of re-dispersible powders showed retardation in hydration kinetics, longer setting times and also changed the dimensional stability. Comparison of the phase development monitored by in-situ XRD was performed

Comparison of Flexural Performance of Lightweight Fibre-reinforced Concrete and Normalweight Fibre-reinforced Concrete

Current study encompasses comparison of flexural tests results of Normalweight Fibre-reinforced Concrete (NWFC) and Lightweight Fibre-reinforced Concrete (LWFC) beam specimens. Fibres are known for their positive effect on crack control, better post-cracking behaviour under flexure and for enhancing toughness. These improvements, however, come at the expense of degraded workability. Using lightweight aggregates of regular shape instead of heavier, irregular and rough textured normalweight aggregates can address the issue of poor workability of concrete besides other advantages that it will bring along with. Replacing normalweight aggregate with lightweight aggregate also has its demerits and in most cases under similar testing environments lightweight concrete has lower strength results. This paper covers evaluation of flexural performance for both LWFC and NWFC having similar compressive strength class. For this purpose 24 beams 150 × 150 × 700 mm in dimensions were tested under flexure. For a fair comparison, it was made sure that both the concretes (LWFC and NWFC) at every fibre volume fraction (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75%) fell under the same strength class

Bond of Reinforcement with Normal-weight Fiber Reinforced Concrete

In reinforced concrete members, upon loading, tensile stresses from reinforcement to concrete transfer via bond. Proper bond between the two material guarantees safety of such members. This paper presents test results performed on Pull-out speci­mens for evaluation and comparison of bond strength behav­ior of Normal-weight Fiber Reinforced Concrete (NWFC). Test parameters included reinforcement size and fiber content. Three different reinforcement sizes (10, 16 and 20 mm) and four concrete mixes having fiber contents of 0, 20, 40 and 60 kg/m3 were used for current experimental work. In total, 36 Pull-out specimens were tested; although the size of specimens varied with reinforcement size, concrete cover to bar diam­eter ratio (c/db) remained constant. From the selected range of fiber content used in current experimental work, dosage of 40 kg/m3 was found to have positive effect on most of the concrete properties. Test results indicate decrease in ultimate bond strength with increasing bar size. The effect of fibers was not observed in enhancing the pre-crack performance of the test specimens, whereas the ultimate bond strength and post peak bond strength performance increased significantly. The ultimate bond strength is found to be strongly affected by the compressive strength rather than fiber volume

Effect of Fibers on Bond Performance of Lightweight Reinforced Concrete

Integrity of a reinforced concrete member, or structure composed of such members cannot be  ensured if there is inadequate bond between reinforcement and concrete around it. In current experimental work, eect on bond performance of lightweight concrete is discussed after addition of steel fibers. For the purpose, modified Pull-out specimens were tested at 28 days. Hooked end steel fibers having length of 35mm and 0.5mm in diameter, developing aspect ratio of 70 were used. Fiber contents of 0, 20 and 40 kg/m3 were added to the lightweight concrete mixes. Besides bond behavior, results of fresh and hardened properties are also presented. Results indicate higher tensile strengths and pull-out loads for higher fiber contents. The fresh concrete density and compressive strength of mixes reduced, whereas air-content values increased with higher fiber content

Effect of Fly Ash on Properties of Self-Compacting High Strength Lightweight Concrete

As known, fillers directly affect the properties of self-compacting concrete. Fly ash is one of the common fillers used in production of SCC. Using lightweight concrete is extremely important for reducing the self-weight of structures, especially in heavy ones, like high rise buildings. It enables to decrease additional loads in case of renovation or/strengthening of existing structures. Moreover, self-compaction avoids using vibrations for compaction of concrete in existing structures. Therefore the present study is aimed at investigating the effect of change in fly ash content on the properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete (SCLWC). For this reason slump flow test, J-Ring test, L-Box test and V-funnel test were conducted to find workability of the fresh concrete mixture. Further compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity and flexural strength of the hardened concrete were obtained. Three concrete mixes of SCLWC with different fly ash contents were prepared to find the best workability and hardened concrete properties. The results of this study form a basis for proportioning of effective concrete mixtures suitable for repairing existing structures and elements

Dense subgroups in the group of interval exchange transformations

The paper concerns the characterization of the group IET of interval exchange transformations (iet). We investigate a class of rational subgroups of IET. These are subgroups consisting of iet transformations defined by partitions with rational endpoints. We propose a characterization of rational subgroups in terms of infinite supernatural numbers and prove that every such subgroup is dense in IET. We also discuss the properties of these groups