Hygienic assessment of training conditions and the state of the musculoskeletal system in karate children

The article deals out a hygienic assessment of the conditions of training, as well as a study of the state of the musculoskeletal system in children involved in karate of the municipal budget educational institution of additional education children and youth sports school "Dynamo". According to the results of visual and instrumental screening test, the prevalence of posture disorders was 68.2 per 100 examined. The prevalence of "flattened foot" was 27.3 cases per 100 people, and flat feet 9 cases per 100 people.В статье проведена гигиеническая оценка условий обучения, а так же исследование состояния опорно-двигательного аппарата у детей, занимающихся каратэ МБОУ ДО ДЮСШ «Динамо». По результатам визуально-инструментального скрининг теста распространенность нарушения осанки составила 68,2 на 100 осмотренных. Распространенность нарушения «уплощенная стопа» составила 27,3 случаев на 100 человек, а плоскостопие 9 случаев на 100 человек

Pathoforming risk factors and peculiarities of cardiovascular disease disease among the adult population of Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk region

The article presents the results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among the adult population of Pervouralsk, Sverdlovsk region for 2009-2019. The features of the spread and generally accepted pathoforming risk factors were studied. The directions of CVD prevention among the population living in the territory of risk are defined.В статье представлены результаты ретроспективного эпидемиологического анализа сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) среди взрослого населения ГО Первоуральск Свердловской области за 2009–2019 гг. Изучены особенности распространения и общепринятые патоформирующие факторы риска. Определены направления профилактики ССЗ среди населения, проживающего на территории риск

Effectiveness of pentavalent live vaccine as a preventive measure against severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children.

The article presents a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of live pentavalent vaccine against severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis. 7 studies were included in the review. Due to the high heterogeneity of the results, a random effects model was used. The average odds ratio was 0.34 (95% CI = 0.19 - 0.60).The protective effect of a full course of vaccination against rotavirus gastroenteritis in children has been proved.В статье проведен мета-анализ эффективности применения живой пятивалентной ротавирусной вакцины для профилактики тяжелых форм ротавирусного гастроэнтерита. В обзор было включено 7 исследований. В связи с высокой гетерогенностью результатов применялась модель случайных эффектов. Средний показатель отношения шансов составил 0,34 (95% ДИ = 0,19 - 0,60). Показан протективный эффект полного курса вакцинации против ротавирусного гастроэнтерита у детей

Epidemiological aspects of diseases of the circulatory system among the adult population of Pervouralsk

The article presents the results of a study of the prevalence of risk factors for diseases of the circulatory system among the adult population of Pervouralsk. In the course of the work, ten main risk factors, their frequency and ranking positions were studied.В статье представлены результаты исследования распростра- нённости факторов риска развития болезней системы кровообращения среди взрослого населения ГО Первоуральск. В ходе работы изучались десять основных факторов риска, частота их встречаемости и ранговые позици

Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of pentavalent live oral vaccine for the prevention of severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children

Rotavirus infection is ubiquitously distributed and represents a global public health problem. Some studies showed that vaccination with pentavalent oral live vaccine was effective in prevention of severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children up to 3 years of age. Previous randomized placebo-controlled studies assessing this issue were repeatedly conducted. However, due to the features of the epidemiology of pediatric rotavirus infection in Russia, a metaanalysis was conducted in the risk group — children under the age of 3 years by administering a full vaccination course for a single vaccine registered in the Russian Federation. A search was performed by two independent reviewers covering 1994 to February 2019, without restrictions on language, in five databases on medical and biological publications: Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and in contents of thematic journals and bibliographic lists. The meta-analysis included multicenter randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of placebo and completed full vaccination course with pentavalent live oral rotavirus vaccine in children under 3 years of age. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of severe gastroenteritis among children according to the Vesikari evaluation system. Data processing and generation of forest-plots to evaluate summarized results were carried out by the RevMan 5.3 free software distributed on the Cochrane Community website. The implementation of the “trim and fill” method was performed by using Stata 14.2 software. The meta-analysis consisted of 7 original publications performed as multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind studies. In the experimental and control group there were enrolled 19,384 and 19,425 subjects, respectively. Three-dose vaccination protocol markedly reduced a risk of infection with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the experimental group compared to control group, the odds ratio was 0.34 [95%, CI 0.19–0.60]. Cluster analysis also confirmed the protective effect of the full vaccination course. Group assessment of the vaccination effectiveness against rotavirus infection in countries of Africa and Southeast Asia showed significant protection, the odds ratio was 0.60 [95%, CI 0.52–0.70]. While evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination against rotavirus infection in Finland, the odds ratio was set at the level of statistical significance and reached 0.07 [95%, CI 0.04–0.11]. Thus, a full vaccination course with pentavalent live oral vaccine against rotavirus infection lowers a risk of developing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children.Ротавирусная инфекция имеет убиквитарное распространение и входит в число глобальных проблем мирового здравоохранения. Вакцинация пятивалентной оральной живой вакциной, по данным ряда исследований, является эффективной мерой для профилактики тяжелых форм ротавирусного гастроэнтерита у детей до 3-летнего возраста. Ранее неоднократно проводились рандомизированные плацебо-контролируемые исследования, посвященные данной тематике. Однако в связи с особенностями эпидемиологии ротавирусной инфекции у детей в России был проведен метаанализ в группе риска: среди детей в возрасте до 3 лет при применении полного курса вакцинации единственной вакциной, зарегистрированной на территории Российской Федерации. Поиск производился двумя независимыми рецензорами за период с 1994 по февраль 2019 гг., без ограничений по языку, и осуществлялся в пяти базах данных медицинских и биологических публикаций: РИНЦ, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, а также в оглавлениях тематических журналов и библиографических списках. В метаанализ включались многоцентровые рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, в которых сравнивалась эффективность плацебо и законченного курса вакцинации пентавалентной живой пероральной вакциной против ротавирусной инфекции у детей до 3-х лет. Первичной конечной точкой исследования была частота возникновения тяжелого острого гастроэнтерита у детей по системе оценки Vesikari. Обработка данных и построение лесных графиков для оценки обобщенных результатов производилось в свободно распространяемой программе RevMan 5.3 на сайте Кокрановского сообщества. Реализация метода «trim and fill» осуществлялась при помощи Stata 14.2. В метаанализ были включены 7 оригинальных публикаций, представлявших собой многоцентровые рандомизированные плацебо-контролируемые исследования с двойным ослеплением. Количество участников опытной группы составило 19 384 человека, контрольной — 19 425. Трехкратная вакцинация значительно снижала шанс заболеть тяжелым ротавирусным гастроэнтеритом в опытной группе, по сравнению с контрольной, отношение шанса составило 0,34 [95%, ДИ 0,19–0,60]. В ходе кластерного анализа также был подтвержден протективный эффект от полного курса вакцинации. Групповая оценка эффективности вакцинации против РВИ в странах Африки и Юго-Восточной Азии имела статистически значимые результаты, показатель отношения шансов составил 0,60 [95%, ДИ 0,52–0,70]. При оценке эффективности вакцинации против РВИ в Финляндии показатель отношения шансов установлен на уровне статистической значимости и составляет 0,07 [95%, ДИ 0,04–0,11]. Полный курс вакцинации пятивалентной живой оральной вакциной против ротавирусной инфекции снижает шанс заболеть тяжелым ротавирусным гастроэнтеритом у детей раннего возраст

Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of pentavalent live oral vaccine for the prevention of severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children

Rotavirus infection is ubiquitously distributed and represents a global public health problem. Some studies showed that vaccination with pentavalent oral live vaccine was effective in prevention of severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children up to 3 years of age. Previous randomized placebo-controlled studies assessing this issue were repeatedly conducted. However, due to the features of the epidemiology of pediatric rotavirus infection in Russia, a metaanalysis was conducted in the risk group — children under the age of 3 years by administering a full vaccination course for a single vaccine registered in the Russian Federation. A search was performed by two independent reviewers covering 1994 to February 2019, without restrictions on language, in five databases on medical and biological publications: Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and in contents of thematic journals and bibliographic lists. The meta-analysis included multicenter randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of placebo and completed full vaccination course with pentavalent live oral rotavirus vaccine in children under 3 years of age. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of severe gastroenteritis among children according to the Vesikari evaluation system. Data processing and generation of forest-plots to evaluate summarized results were carried out by the RevMan 5.3 free software distributed on the Cochrane Community website. The implementation of the “trim and fill” method was performed by using Stata 14.2 software. The meta-analysis consisted of 7 original publications performed as multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind studies. In the experimental and control group there were enrolled 19,384 and 19,425 subjects, respectively. Three-dose vaccination protocol markedly reduced a risk of infection with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the experimental group compared to control group, the odds ratio was 0.34 [95%, CI 0.19–0.60]. Cluster analysis also confirmed the protective effect of the full vaccination course. Group assessment of the vaccination effectiveness against rotavirus infection in countries of Africa and Southeast Asia showed significant protection, the odds ratio was 0.60 [95%, CI 0.52–0.70]. While evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination against rotavirus infection in Finland, the odds ratio was set at the level of statistical significance and reached 0.07 [95%, CI 0.04–0.11]. Thus, a full vaccination course with pentavalent live oral vaccine against rotavirus infection lowers a risk of developing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children.Ротавирусная инфекция имеет убиквитарное распространение и входит в число глобальных проблем мирового здравоохранения. Вакцинация пятивалентной оральной живой вакциной, по данным ряда исследований, является эффективной мерой для профилактики тяжелых форм ротавирусного гастроэнтерита у детей до 3-летнего возраста. Ранее неоднократно проводились рандомизированные плацебо-контролируемые исследования, посвященные данной тематике. Однако в связи с особенностями эпидемиологии ротавирусной инфекции у детей в России был проведен метаанализ в группе риска: среди детей в возрасте до 3 лет при применении полного курса вакцинации единственной вакциной, зарегистрированной на территории Российской Федерации. Поиск производился двумя независимыми рецензорами за период с 1994 по февраль 2019 гг., без ограничений по языку, и осуществлялся в пяти базах данных медицинских и биологических публикаций: РИНЦ, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, а также в оглавлениях тематических журналов и библиографических списках. В метаанализ включались многоцентровые рандомизированные контролируемые исследования, в которых сравнивалась эффективность плацебо и законченного курса вакцинации пентавалентной живой пероральной вакциной против ротавирусной инфекции у детей до 3-х лет. Первичной конечной точкой исследования была частота возникновения тяжелого острого гастроэнтерита у детей по системе оценки Vesikari. Обработка данных и построение лесных графиков для оценки обобщенных результатов производилось в свободно распространяемой программе RevMan 5.3 на сайте Кокрановского сообщества. Реализация метода «trim and fill» осуществлялась при помощи Stata 14.2. В метаанализ были включены 7 оригинальных публикаций, представлявших собой многоцентровые рандомизированные плацебо-контролируемые исследования с двойным ослеплением. Количество участников опытной группы составило 19 384 человека, контрольной — 19 425. Трехкратная вакцинация значительно снижала шанс заболеть тяжелым ротавирусным гастроэнтеритом в опытной группе, по сравнению с контрольной, отношение шанса составило 0,34 [95%, ДИ 0,19–0,60]. В ходе кластерного анализа также был подтвержден протективный эффект от полного курса вакцинации. Групповая оценка эффективности вакцинации против РВИ в странах Африки и Юго-Восточной Азии имела статистически значимые результаты, показатель отношения шансов составил 0,60 [95%, ДИ 0,52–0,70]. При оценке эффективности вакцинации против РВИ в Финляндии показатель отношения шансов установлен на уровне статистической значимости и составляет 0,07 [95%, ДИ 0,04–0,11]. Полный курс вакцинации пятивалентной живой оральной вакциной против ротавирусной инфекции снижает шанс заболеть тяжелым ротавирусным гастроэнтеритом у детей раннего возраст

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative sars-cov-2 infection: An international cohort study

Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (740%) had emergency surgery and 280 (248%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (261%) patients. 30-day mortality was 238% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (512%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 380% (219 of 577), accounting for 817% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 175 [95% CI 128-240], p<00001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (230 [165-322], p<00001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (235 [157-353], p<00001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (155 [101-239], p=0046), emergency versus elective surgery (167 [106-263], p=0026), and major versus minor surgery (152 [101-231], p=0047). Interpretation Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Hygienic assessment of training conditions and the state of the musculoskeletal system in karate children

The article deals out a hygienic assessment of the conditions of training, as well as a study of the state of the musculoskeletal system in children involved in karate of the municipal budget educational institution of additional education children and youth sports school "Dynamo". According to the results of visual and instrumental screening test, the prevalence of posture disorders was 68.2 per 100 examined. The prevalence of "flattened foot" was 27.3 cases per 100 people, and flat feet 9 cases per 100 people.В статье проведена гигиеническая оценка условий обучения, а так же исследование состояния опорно-двигательного аппарата у детей, занимающихся каратэ МБОУ ДО ДЮСШ «Динамо». По результатам визуально-инструментального скрининг теста распространенность нарушения осанки составила 68,2 на 100 осмотренных. Распространенность нарушения «уплощенная стопа» составила 27,3 случаев на 100 человек, а плоскостопие 9 случаев на 100 человек

The Genetic Architecture of Variation in the Sexually Selected Sword Ornament and Its Evolution in Hybrid Populations

Biologists since Darwin have been fascinated by the evolution of sexually selected ornaments, particularly those that reduce viability. Uncovering the genetic architecture of these traits is key to understanding how they evolve and are maintained. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture and evolutionary loss of a sexually selected ornament, the “sword” fin extension that characterizes many species of swordtail fish (Xiphophorus). Using sworded and swordless sister species of Xiphophorus, we generated a mapping population and show that the sword ornament is polygenic—with ancestry across the genome explaining substantial variation in the trait. After accounting for the impacts of genome-wide ancestry, we identify one major-effect quantitative trait locus (QTL) that explains ~5% of the overall variation in the trait. Using a series of approaches, we narrow this large QTL interval to several likely candidate genes, including genes involved in fin regeneration and growth. Furthermore, we find evidence of selection on ancestry at one of these candidates in four natural hybrid populations, consistent with selection against the sword in these populations. The sword ornament is a sexually selected trait that evolved in Xiphophorus fish and has fascinated biologists since Darwin. Several Xiphophorus species have lost the sword, allowing Powell et al. to identify regions of the genome that underlie variation in this trait and characterize selection on one such region in hybrid populations