Uncertainty quantification of thermal capacitance calorimeter for high-enthalpy flows

Thermal capacitance calorimeters are the standard instrument used to measure cold wall heat fluxes in high-enthalpy flows that simulates hypersonic flight conditions. These instruments play a fundamental role in the development and testing of Thermal Protection Systems for space re-entry conditions. However, despite their rugged and simple design, they are affected by large uncertainty errors. These have been estimated in literature at 15%. Despite their importance, and large errors, no proper uncertainty analysis has been performed. Uncertainty analysis is difficult due to the complex physics of the environment these calorimeters have to operate into

Role of the lesion scar in the response to damage and repair of the central nervous system

Traumatic damage to the central nervous system (CNS) destroys the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and provokes the invasion of hematogenous cells into the neural tissue. Invading leukocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes secrete various cytokines that induce an inflammatory reaction in the injured CNS and result in local neural degeneration, formation of a cystic cavity and activation of glial cells around the lesion site. As a consequence of these processes, two types of scarring tissue are formed in the lesion site. One is a glial scar that consists in reactive astrocytes, reactive microglia and glial precursor cells. The other is a fibrotic scar formed by fibroblasts, which have invaded the lesion site from adjacent meningeal and perivascular cells. At the interface, the reactive astrocytes and the fibroblasts interact to form an organized tissue, the glia limitans. The astrocytic reaction has a protective role by reconstituting the BBB, preventing neuronal degeneration and limiting the spread of damage. While much attention has been paid to the inhibitory effects of the astrocytic component of the scars on axon regeneration, this review will cover a number of recent studies in which manipulations of the fibroblastic component of the scar by reagents, such as blockers of collagen synthesis have been found to be beneficial for axon regeneration. To what extent these changes in the fibroblasts act via subsequent downstream actions on the astrocytes remains for future investigation

Dermatopolimiosite: avaliação de 63 pacientes

Sessenta e três pacientes com dermatopolimiosite são avaliados mediante exames clínico, laboratorial, eletroneuromiográfico e anatomopatológico (tecido muscular corado pela hematoxilina-eosina) e pela resposta terapêutica. Trinta e nove são do sexo feminino e 24 do sexo masculino. Média etária de 36,83 ± 15,64 anos. Duração média da doença de 3,74 ± 4,26 anos. São verificadas influências do uso de corticosteróides e ou drogas citolíticas no comportamento enzimático e resposta clínica dos pacientes. Análises são realizadas com intuito de se determinar fatores que pudessem definir os grupos quanto a resposta clínica à terapêutica empregada