Type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, prevalence is positively associated with ambient temperature

Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB13030000), the National Science foundation of China (microevolution program NSFC91431102) and the 1000 talents program. We are grateful to members of the Molecular Energetics group in Beijing and the Energetics group in Aberdeen, UK for valuable discussion of the data and analysis. All data analysed in this paper are already available in the public domain.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

3-Ethyl­sulfanyl-5-methyl-1-phenyl-7-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrimido[4,5-e][1,3,4]thia­diazine

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C18H21N5S2, the thia­diazine six-membered ring and pyrrolidine five-membered ring display boat and envelope conformations, respectively. The crystal structure contains weak C—H⋯N and C—H⋯S hydrogen bonding

Experimental and Numerical Study of Topographic Site Effect on a Hill Near Tehran

This paper compares the experimental study of seismic response of a hill site near Tehran and numerical modeling of the test site using a hybrid finite-boundary element code named HYBRID. Both longitudinal and transversal profiles of the hill have been instrumented using Guralp CMG-6TD seismological stations and some hours of ambient noise were recorded. The H/V ratios for each station were calculated and the amplification patterns and corresponding frequencies of each station have been extracted. Then the two profiles has been modeled numerically and excited by vertically incident SV ricker waves with different fundamental frequencies. The medium is assumed to have a linear elastic constitutive behavior. All calculations are executed in time-domain using direct boundary element method. The amplification patterns, both in time domain and frequency domain, have been determined. The similarities and discrepancies between the experimental and numerical methods have been discussed. It was shown that using microtremor would not be an efficient way for estimating the topographic site effect and may not be applied for microzonation studies of the elevated areas

Regioselective synthesis of new 2-(E)-cyano(oxazolidin-2-ylidene)thiazoles

Reaction of 2-(oxazolidin-2-ylidene)malononitrile (1) with phosphorus pentasulfide gave the corresponding thioamide derivative (2a) in a regioselective manner. Reaction of this compound with several α-bromocarbonyl compounds gave new 2-(E)-cyano(oxazolidin-2-ylidene)thiazoles (3a-g). The chemical structures of novel compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, elemental analysis, FT-IR spectrometry and mass spectrophotometric analyses

Effects of Computerized Decision Support Systems on Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Scoping Review

Background: Potential role of computerized decision support system on management of atrial fibrillation is not well understood. Objectives: To systematically review studies that evaluate the effects of computerized decision support systems and decision aids on aspects pertaining to atrial fibrillation. Data sources: We searched Medline, Scopus and Cochrane database. Last date of search was 2016, January 10. Selection criteria: Computerized decision support systems that help manage atrial fibrillation and decision aids that provide useful knowledge for patients with atrial fibrillation and help them to self-care. Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers extracted data and summarized findings. Due to heterogeneity, meta-analysis was not feasible; mean differences of outcomes and confidence intervals for a difference between two Means were reported. Results: Seven eligible studies were included in the final review. There were one observational study without controls, three observational studies with controls, one Non-Randomized Controlled Trial and two Randomized Controlled Trials. The interventions were three decision aids that were used by patients and four computerized decision support systems. Main outcomes of studies were: stroke events and major bleeding (one article), Changing doctor-nurse behavior (three articles), Time in therapeutic International Normalized Ratio range (one article), decision conflict scale (two articles), patient knowledge and anxiety about stroke and bleeding (two articles). Conclusions: A computerized decision support system may decrease decision conflict and increase knowledge of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) about risks of AF and AF treatments. Effect of computerized decision support system on outcomes such as changing doctor-nurse behavior, anxiety about stroke and bleeding and stroke events could not be shown.We need more studies to evaluate the role of computerized decision support system in patients with atrial fibrillation

Coronary cameral fistula manifested as angina pectoris in a 40-year old female

Coronary cameral fistula (CCF) is defined as an abnormal connection between the coronary artery and any cardiac chamber. It usually appears due to abnormal embryogenesis and represents less than 1% of the population. Most CCF cases are asymptomatic, however large CCFs may cause symptoms and complications. We present a case of a young female with symptomatic CCF suspected on echocardiography and confirmed by computed tomography coronary angiography. She was successfully treated surgically with total improvement of symptoms

Serum high sensitive C reactive protein is associated with dietary intakes in diabetic patients with and without hypertension: a cross-sectional study

Background: Serum C reactive protein (CRP) concentrations independently predict the development of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. However, the impact of dietary factors on serum CRP concentrations in diabetic patients has received limited attention. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary factors and serum CRP, measured using a high sensitivity (hs-)assay, among diabetic patients with and without hypertension and healthy subjects. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, diabetics with (n=325) and without hypertension (n=599) and healthy individuals (n=1220) were recruited in Mashhad, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour recall. Biochemical parameters including serum hs-CRP were measured using standard protocols. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to predict whether serum hs-CRP concentration was associated with dietary constituents. Results: hs-CRP was significantly higher among hypertensive and non-hypertensive diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects (p<0.001). The dietary intake of zinc +6.4% and calcium -3.4%, and BMI +3.9% explained approximately 13.7% of the variation in serum hs-CRP among diabetic hypertensive patients. Approximately, 9.7% of the variation in serum hs-CRP in diabetic non-hypertensive patients could be explained by BMI, and intake of sodium, iron and cholesterol. In the healthy subjects approximately 4.4% of the total variation in serum hs-CRP concentration could be explained by cholesterol consumption and waist circumference. Conclusion: Serum hs-CRP concentrations were found to be a significant predictor for hypertensive and non-hypertensive diabetic subjects. There was a significant association between dietary factors include zinc, iron, sodium and cholesterol and serum hs-CRP whilst there was an inverse association between dietary calcium and serum hs-CRP in diabetic hypertensive individuals

Angina pectoris as a manifestation of ALCAPA syndrome in a 20-year-old female: a case report and review of literature

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is considered a rare congenital heart disease where the take-off of the left coronary artery abnormally originates from the pulmonary artery instead of left aortic sinus. It is associated with a high mortality rate in the first year of life and sudden death in adults if left untreated. We report an adult form of ALCAPA syndrome in a 20-year-old female who presented with anginal pain for the previous few months. Unfortunately, the patient was hesitant to have surgery at the time

Estimation of topographical effects at Narni ridge (Central Italy): comparisons between experimental results and numerical modelling

In the present work the seismic site response of Narni ridge (central Italy) is evaluated by comparing experimental results and numerical simulations. The inhabited village of Narni is located in the central Italian Apennines at the top of a steep massive limestone ridge. From March to September 2009 the site was instrumented with 10 weak-motion stations, 3 of which located at the base of the ridge and 7 at the top. The velocimetric network recorded 642 events of ML up to 5.3 and hypocentral distance up to about 100 km. The great amount of data are related to the April 2009 L’Aquila sequence. The site response was analyzed using both reference (SSR, Standard Spectral Ratio) and non reference spectral techniques (HVSR, Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio). Moreover directional analyses were performed in order to evaluate the influence of the ridge orientation with respect to the selected source-site paths. In general the experimental results show amplification factors for frequencies between 4 and 5 Hz for almost all stations installed along the crest. The SSR technique provides amplification factors up to 4.5 detected considering directions perpendicular to the main elongation of the ridge. The results obtained from the monitoring activity were used as a target for bidimensional and tridimensional numerical simulations, performed using a hybrid finite-boundary element method for 2D and a boundary element method for 3D analyses respectively. In general, the results obtained through numerical simulation fit well the experimental data in terms of range of amplified frequencies, but they underestimate by a factor of about 2 the related amplification factors with respect to the observations

Factors Associated with The Incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in The Mashad: A Cohort Study

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and specifically in Iran. Accurate assessments of Coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence is very necessary for public health. In current study we aimed to investigate the incidence of CHD and importance of several classical, modifiable and un-modifiable risk factors for CHD among an urban population in eastern Iran after 6 years of follow-up. Methods The population of MASHAD cohort study were followed up for 6 years, every 3 years in two step by phone and who reported symptoms of CVD were asked to attend for a cardiac examination, to estimate the incidence of CHD with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as well multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association of several baseline characteristics with incidence of CHD event. Evaluation of goodness-of-fit was done using ROC analysis. CHD cases divided into four different classes which include: stable angina, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Results In the six years\u27 follow-up of Mashhad study, the incidence rate of all CHD event in men and women in 100,000 people-years with 95% confidence intervals were 1920 (810-3030) and 1160 (730-1590), respectively. The areas under ROC curve (AUC), based on multivariate predictors of CHD outcome, was 0.7825. Conclusion Our findings indicated that the incidence rate of coronary heart diseases in MASHAD cohort study increases with age as well as our final model designed, was able to predict approximately 78% of CHD events in Iranian population