PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA MORTALIDADE MATERNA NO MUNICÍPIO DE SÃO LUÍS-MA

Com o propósito de estudar e atualizar em São Luís-Maranhão, entre os anos de 1987 e 1993, os dados sobre a mortalidade materna - indicador indireto da qualidade de assistência prestada à mulher, durante a gravidez, parto e puerpério - oram investigadas todas as declarações de óbito de mulheres em idade reprodutiva (10 a 49 anos), registradas junto ao Setor de Mortalidade da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde nesta cidade no período de interesse, donde foram selecionados os casos de “morte materna”, num total de 172. Considerou-se a distribuição dos óbitos por “causa mortis” e faixa etária. O coeficiente de mortalidade materna (CMM) para o período foi de 113,63/100.000 nascidos vivos (NV). A avaliação anual revelou 172, 141, 126, 117, 64, 89,4 e 78,15/100.000 NV para cada ano entre 1987 e 1993. Na determinação dos óbitos, prevaleceram as causas maternas diretas (92,8%), distribuídas sobretudo entre infecção (37,2%), toxemia (29,4%) e hemorragia (22,8%). Mais da metade dos decessos ocorreu em mulheres jovens de até 24 anos, valendo destacar a faixa de adolescentes que contribuiu com 21,2% desses casos fatais. Conclui-se portanto, que, apesar do declínio gradual do CMM a cada ano e da melhora considerável em relação ao último estudo (519/100.000 NV em 1983), tais resultados deixam muito a desejar quando comparados aos de outros centros, bem como se considerarmos que estes devam estar subnotificados e que a maioria das mortes poderia ter sido evitada

Functional independence in elderly residents in long-term institutions

Objective: To evaluate the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for elderly women in a longterm institution in Fortaleza - CE. Method: This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, performed with 59 elderly residents in two long-term institutions for the elderly (LTCF) in Fortaleza - CE, during the second half of 2010. The initial assessment instrument consisted of personal, socio-demographic, and clinical data. We then applied the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) to measure how much care they needed to perform motor and cognitive tasks. Results: The women had been institutionalized for 8.32 (± 9.46) years. The average age of participants was 76.72 (± 9.81) years. In relation to self-care most of the group eat, carry out personal hygiene, and bathe independently. In addition, it can be seen that 69.50% use the toilet independently. As for mobility, 50.85% of the women can manage without help, while 62.71% can only use the stairs with help. As for social cognition, they have good communication, because 49.15% did not need any help in understanding the words, 62.71% express themselves freely, while 50.85% have memory deficits. Conclusion: The participants in the study were independent under the general definition. They were able to perform virtually all activities in a satisfactory manner, such as feeding, personal hygiene, bathing, mobility, and sphincter control, being dependent on aid only with aspects related to memory and climbing stairs.Objetivo: Avaliar a independência funcional de idosas institucionalizadas no município de Fortaleza - CE. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 59 idosas residentes em duas Instituições de Longa Permanência de Idosos (ILPI) no município de Fortaleza - CE, durante o segundo semestre de 2010. O instrumento de avaliação inicial foi constituído por dados pessoais, sócio-demográficos e clínicos. Além disso, foi aplicada a Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF), visando medir o grau de necessidade de cuidados para tarefas motoras e cognitivas. Resultados: As idosas apresentavam 8,32 (± 9,46) anos de institucionalização. A idade média das participantes foi de 76,72 (± 9,81) anos. A maioria do grupo alimenta-se de modo independente, bem como realizam higiene pessoal e tomam banho. Quanto à locomoção 50,85% deslocam-se sem ajuda, e 62,71% só conseguem subir escadas com auxílio. Quanto à cognição social, possuem boa comunicação, 49,15% não precisam de ajuda para compreender palavras, 62,71% se expressam livremente, e 50,85% possuem déficit de memória. Conclusão: As idosas se mostraram independentes, uma vez que são capazes de desempenhar atividades como alimentação, higiene pessoal, banho, mobilidade, e possuem controle esfincteriano sem auxílio. São dependentes de auxílio relacionados à memória e à locomoção em escadas

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Hairless mice as an experimental model of infection with Leishmania amazonensis

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-06-29T14:09:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo VCP Hairless mice as an....pdf: 1756100 bytes, checksum: 5278f0058e7b1523c51580a101b00ffb (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2016-06-29T16:52:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo VCP Hairless mice as an....pdf: 1756100 bytes, checksum: 5278f0058e7b1523c51580a101b00ffb (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T16:52:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Araujo VCP Hairless mice as an....pdf: 1756100 bytes, checksum: 5278f0058e7b1523c51580a101b00ffb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T11:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Araujo VCP Hairless mice as an....pdf.txt: 40116 bytes, checksum: 8dd1701db3717ea86b09044018100c60 (MD5) Araujo VCP Hairless mice as an....pdf: 1756100 bytes, checksum: 5278f0058e7b1523c51580a101b00ffb (MD5) license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Campo Grande, MG, BrasilFundação Gonçalo Moniz, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Laborat orio de Imunoparasitologia. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Campo Grande, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Laborat ório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Campo Grande, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Campo Grande, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de do Sul. Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas e LaPNEM. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Campo Grande, MG, BrasilUniversidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana. Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. Campo Grande, MG, BrasilHRS/J Hairless mice have been investigated as an experimental model in cutaneous leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The animals were inoculated with 106 promastigotes into the right hind footpad and the course of infection was followed up for 30, 60 and 90 days. BALB/c mice were infected and used as control. Hairless mice were susceptible to L. (L.) amazonensis infection and a progressive increase in number of parasites and footpad thickness was detected over time. Signals of dissemination and visceralization were confirmed by the presence of parasite in the draining lymph node of lesion and spleen, at different times post infection. IL-10 gene expression evaluated by RT-PCR was significantly higher in Hairless mice at 60 days post infection, corroborating the pattern of susceptibility. These results point this inbred strain as a promising susceptible model for the study of experimental infection induced by L. (L.) amazonensis. This model would allow the use of other infectio

In vivo antileishmanial activity and chemical profile of polar extract from Selaginella sellowii

The polar hydroethanolic extract from Selaginella sellowii(SSPHE) has been previously proven active on intracellular amastigotes (in vitro test) and now was tested on hamsters infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis (in vivo test). SSPHE suppressed a 100% of the parasite load in the infection site and draining lymph nodes at an intralesional dose of 50 mg/kg/day × 5, which was similar to the results observed in hamsters treated with N-methylglucamine antimonate (Sb) (28 mg/Kg/day × 5). When orally administered, SSPHE (50 mg/kg/day × 20) suppressed 99.2% of the parasite load in infected footpads, while Sb suppressed 98.5%. SSPHE also enhanced the release of nitric oxide through the intralesional route in comparison to Sb. The chemical fingerprint of SSPHE by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and tandem mass spectrometry showed the presence of biflavonoids and high molecular weight phenylpropanoid glycosides. These compounds may have a synergistic action in vivo. Histopathological study revealed that the intralesional treatment with SSPHE induced an intense inflammatory infiltrate, composed mainly of mononuclear cells. The present findings reinforce the potential of this natural product as a source of future drug candidates for American cutaneous leishmaniasis