Sicherung der Daseinsvorsorge in ländlichen Regionen in Europa – internationale Begegnungen zum Informations- und Erfahrungsaustausch

Viele Kommunen und Regionen, vor allem in ländlichen Räumen, sehen sich vor dem Hintergrund des demografischen Wandels mit zunehmenden Herausforderungen bei der Sicherung ihrer Daseinsvorsorge konfrontiert. Benötigt werden neue Vorgehensweisen und Lösungsansätze, um Infrastrukturen und Dienstleistungen der Daseinsvorsorge erhalten und schaffen zu können. Ein Austausch über Erfahrungen, Vorgehensweisen und Good-Practice-Beispielen kann dabei helfen, Projekte zur Sicherung der Daseinsvorsorge zu initiieren und zu realisieren. Ein internationaler Austausch erlaubt zudem neue Perspektiven über Rahmenbedingungen und Werte und bietet die Chance eine internationale Zusammenarbeit und verschiedene Projektkooperationen anzuregen. Im Rahmen der Begleitforschung Internationale Erfahrungen des Aktionsprogrammes regionale Daseinsvorsorge (als Modellvorhaben der Raumordnung (MORO) des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI) und betreut durch das Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung (BBSR) im Bundesamt für Bauwesen und Raumordnung (BBR)) wurde ein Partnerschaftsprogramm entwickelt, um einen internationalen Austausch zu ermöglichen. Die durchgeführten internationalen Informations- und Erfahrungsaustausche (als Fachexkursionen) gaben den Akteuren zur Sicherung der Daseinsvorsorge Anregungen für Projekte und Projektideen, boten die Chance zum persönlichen Erfahrungsaustausch und zu Diskussionen, lieferten Hinweise zu Lösungsansätzen und regten zum Überdenken von Rahmenbedingungen an. Über die Intiierung von persönlichen Kontakten, informellen Netzwerken und formellen Projektkooperationen (wie z.B. eine Zusammenarbeit in gemeinsamen INTERREG-Projekten) kann der internationale Austausch verstetigt werden. Somit kann die Durchführung von internationalen Austauschen einen Beitrag leisten, erfolgreiche Projekte zur Sicherung der Daseinsvorsorge zu initiieren und umzusetzen, internationale Kontakte und Kooperationen aufzubauen sowie langfristig eine zukunftsfähige Entwicklung von Gemeinden und Regionen zu ermöglichen. Aufbauend auf den während der Fachexkursionen behandelten europäischen Strategie- und Projektbeispielen konnten verschiedene Erfolgsfaktoren für Strategien und Projekte zur Sicherung der Daseinsvorsorge festgestellt werden. Diese wurden in fünf Erfolgsfaktoren zusammengefasst: • Zusammenarbeit und Kooperation, • Bürgerbeteiligung, Bürgerengagement und Persönlichkeiten, • Innen-und Außenkommunikation, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit und Marketing, • Unkonventionelle Projekte, flexible Standards, integrierte Strategieentwicklung, Fürsorge auch für Kleingruppen, • Nutzung und Bereitstellung digitaler Infrastruktur (Breitbandversorgung)

Measurement and Evaluation of Sexual Objectification

Anslinger J. Measurement and Evaluation of Sexual Objectification. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2019.Despite a steadily growing number of social psychological studies on the sexual objectification of others, two essential aspects have been neglected, so far: First, research lacks a thoroughly validated instrument to assess individuals’ proclivity to sexually objectify others. Second, little evidence is available on how people evaluate individuals who engage in sexual objectification as well as individuals who are objectified. With a total of eight empirical studies, this dissertation seeks to close both research gaps. Empirical Part I of this thesis describes the development and validation of the *Sexual Objectification of Others Inventory (SOOI)* within five studies (*N*Study 1 = 213, *N*Study 2 = 219, *N*Study 3 = 95, *N*Study 4 = 139, *N*Study 5 = 116). The scale consists of 11 items which were selected by applying exploratory factor analyses (see Study 1 and Study 2). The factor analyses identified two factors: Instrumental Objectification and Visual Objectification. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the two-factor model in most studies conducted. However, poor internal consistencies for the factor Instrumental Objectification throughout the studies indicated that it is recommendable to only draw on the overall SOOI score as a measure of sexual objectification proclivity. Reliability analysis showed largely good internal consistencies and evidenced a good test-retest reliability of the SOOI. Correlational analyses provided compelling evidence for the SOOI’s convergent validity. Moreover, demonstrating criterion validity, the scale was able to predict men’s outcomes on behavioral measures after a manipulation of their masculinity (see Study 5). By applying the SOOI to a sample from the LGBTQ* community, this thesis, moreover, demonstrates that the scale is able to assess sexual objectification proclivity of people of any gender and various sexual orientations (see Study 3). Additionally, Study 4 successfully administered an English version of the SOOI. To summarize, the SOOI is the first reliable and thoroughly validated measure of people’s sexual objectification proclivity. Future studies may want to improve the reliability of the two factors by item modification. Item modification would allow for creating an updated SOOI version with two functional subscales. The current SOOI is available in German and English and comes in three analogously worded versions, assessing sexual objectification toward women, men, and people in general. With Empirical Part II, this thesis seeks to answer the open question of how people evaluate perpetrators and targets of sexual objectification. Three online studies were conducted (*N*Study 1 = 290, *N*Study 2 = 338, *N*Study 3 = 245) assessing attributed power, warmth, competence to as well as preferred social distance toward targets and perpetrators of sexual objectification. Furthermore, Study 2 and Study 3 investigated to what extent sexual objectification was perceived as an ethical issue in comparison to sexual harassment and control behaviors. Although social norm violation can lead to an increased attribution of power (see van Kleef et al., 2011), Studies 1-3 showed that perpetrators of sexual objectification were not perceived as more powerful due to their behavior. Correspondingly, targets of sexual objectification were not evaluated as less powerful. Results indicated that this outcome might reflect a bias similar to rape victim blame (e.g., Grubb & Turner, 2012). Furthermore, as hypothesized, sexual objectification was perceived as a less severe ethical issue than sexual harassment. Remarkably, however, sexual objectification was perceived on the same level of severity as the control behaviors. Research on ethical decision-making (Jones, 1991) suggests that participants might have attributed little negative consequences to sexual objectification, resulting in a reduced perception of severity. Studies 1-3 moreover demonstrated that male perpetrators were perceived as being less warm and competent than female perpetrators. Furthermore, people preferred more social distance toward male perpetrators than female ones. Attribution theory (Pryor, 1985) offers an explanation for this outcome: While objectifying and harassing behaviors by men can be attributed to their presumed misogyny, people lack an analogous schema to integrate and explain the same behavior by female perpetrators. However, future studies need to investigate why also male perpetrators of the control behaviors were evaluated more negatively compared to women

Thirty Years After Michael E. Porter: What Do We Know About Business Exit?

Although a business exit is an important corporate change initiative, the buyer’s side seems to be more appealing to management researchers than the seller’s because acquisitions imply growth, i.e., success. Yet from an optimistic viewpoint, business exit can effectively create value for the selling company. In this paper we attempt to bring the relevance of the seller’s side back into our consciousness by asking: What do we know about business exit? We start our exploration with Porter (1976), focusing on literature that investigates the antecedents of, barriers to, and outcomes of business exit. We also include studies from related fields such as finance and economics.1 Through this research we determine three clusters of findings: factors promoting business exit, exit barriers, and exit outcomes. Overall, it is the intention of this paper to highlight the importance of business exit for research and practice. Knowing what we know about business exits and their high financial value we should bear in mind that exit need not mean failure but a new beginning for a corporation

Junge Mütter im dualen System der Berufsbildung: Potenziale und Hindernisse

Seit dem Jahr 2005 haben junge Mütter die Möglichkeit, ihre Ausbildung in Teilzeit zu absolvieren. Von der Regelung hat sich die Politik einen Anstieg der Auszubildendenzahlen und langfristig einen Beitrag zur Behebung des Fachkräftemangels versprochen. Erfüllen sich die Erwartungen? Welche Probleme ergeben sich bei der Umsetzung in die Praxis? Der vorliegende Band zieht Zwischenbilanz. Er untersucht, wie hoch die Bereitschaft in den Betrieben ist, jungen Müttern einen Teilzeitausbildungsplatz anzubieten. Auf welche Hindernisse stößt die Neuregelung bei den Unternehmen? Welche Bedingungen müssen erfüllt sein, damit Teilzeitausbildungen nicht nur im Einzelfall vereinbart, sondern als Regelangebot im Unternehmen verankert werden?In 2005, part-time vocational training programmes for young mothers were introduced. In doing so, politicians hoped to achieve a rise in the number of trainees and, in the long run, to fix the shortage of skilled workers. Has the policy lived up to the expectations? Which problems does the practical implementation involve? This volume is to draw up an interim balance. It examines the willingness of companies to offer part-time training programmes for young mothers. Which obstacles does the new regulation face within companies? What are the required conditions for part-time vocational training programmes to be offered by companies as a standard option and not only in individual cases

The rise of drug dealing in the life of the North American street gang

Historical gang literature traditionally perceived street gangs as boisterous outfits occasionally engaged in delinquency. In recent decades however, street gang behavior has come to be seen ever more as encroaching upon criminality, primarily due to its involvement in drug supply. This article aims to provide a brief historical review as to how the practice of drug supply entered into the life of the street gang, with specific emphasis on The War on Drugs in the 1970s and the rise of the crack cocaine economy in the 1980s

Dimensions of validation of prior learning in Europe : empirical insights from Denmark, Poland, Turkey and Germany

The validation and recognition of prior non-formal and informal learning (VPL) is a priority of EU educational policies and central to lifelong and life-wide learning. The aim is to strengthen the flexibility of learning pathways to increase labour market transition and mobility across Europe. Key objective is to enhance employability and labour market opportunities for disadvantaged individuals such as the low skilled, unemployed, migrant workers, refugees and individuals with restricted labour market and learning opportunities. This edited volume summarizes the main findings of the ERASMUS plus project "Effectiveness of VPL Policies and Programmes - Individual and Employer Perspectives" (Effect VPL), which was funded from 2016 to 2019. The contributions, which focus on the four participating countries Denmark, Germany, Poland and Turkey, provide an overview of current topics in the field of VPL. They comprise theoretical as well as empirical perspectives on VPL focusing, inter alia, on the socio-economic context, adult education and lifelong learning in Europe. Likewise, perspectives of those involved into VPL processes - individuals, employers, counsellors and trade unions - are presented and analysed. Hereby, the book not only contributes to the scholarly debate on VPL in Europe, it furthermore offers handson approaches for VPL processes putting the individual at the centre of the validation process

A global analysis of Y-chromosomal haplotype diversity for 23 STR loci

In a worldwide collaborative effort, 19,630 Y-chromosomes were sampled from 129 different populations in 51 countries. These chromosomes were typed for 23 short-tandem repeat (STR) loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385ab, DYS437, DYS438, DYS439, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, GATAH4, DYS481, DYS533, DYS549, DYS570, DYS576, and DYS643) and using the PowerPlex Y23 System (PPY23, Promega Corporation, Madison, WI). Locus-specific allelic spectra of these markers were determined and a consistently high level of allelic diversity was observed. A considerable number of null, duplicate and off-ladder alleles were revealed. Standard single-locus and haplotype-based parameters were calculated and compared between subsets of Y-STR markers established for forensic casework. The PPY23 marker set provides substantially stronger discriminatory power than other available kits but at the same time reveals the same general patterns of population structure as other marker sets. A strong correlation was observed between the number of Y-STRs included in a marker set and some of the forensic parameters under study. Interestingly a weak but consistent trend toward smaller genetic distances resulting from larger numbers of markers became apparent.Fil: Corach, Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Caputo, Mariela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Miguel Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Laboratorio de Analisis de ADN; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Purps, Josephine. Charité-Universitätsmedizin; AlemaniaFil: Siegert, Sabine. University of Cologne; AlemaniaFil: Willuweit, Sascha. Charité-Universitätsmedizin; AlemaniaFil: Nagy, Marion. Charité-Universitätsmedizin; AlemaniaFil: Alves, Cíntia. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Salazar, Renato. Universidad de Porto; PortugalFil: Angustia, Sheila M. T.. Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory; FilipinasFil: Santos, Lorna H.. Philippine National Police Crime Laboratory; FilipinasFil: Anslinger, Katja. Universitat Genzentrum Der Ludwing-maximilians; AlemaniaFil: Bayer, Birgit. Universitat Genzentrum Der Ludwing-maximilians; AlemaniaFil: Ayub, Qasim. The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Wei, Wei. The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Xue, Yali. The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Tyler Smith, Chris. The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute; Reino UnidoFil: Baeta Bafalluy, Miriam. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Martínez Jarreta, Begoña. Universidad de Zaragoza; EspañaFil: Egyed, Balazs. Eotvos University, Budapest; ArgentinaFil: Balitzki, Beate. Universidad de Basilea; SuizaFil: Tschumi, Sibylle. Universidad de Basilea; SuizaFil: Ballard, David. King; Reino UnidoFil: Syndercombe Court, Denise. King; Reino UnidoFil: Barrantes, Xinia. Poder Judicial, Forensic Sciences Department; Costa RicaFil: Bäßler, Gerhard. Landeskriminalamt Baden-Württemberg; AlemaniaFil: Berger, Burkhard. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Niederstätter, Haral. Universidad de Innsbruck; AustriaFil: Parson, Walther. Universidad de Innsbruck; Austria. University Park; Estados UnidosFil: Davis, Carey. Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics; Estados Unidos. Institute of Applied Genetics; Estados UnidosFil: Furfuro, Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Laboratorio de Análisis de ADN; ArgentinaFil: Locarno, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Laboratorio de Análisis de ADN; Argentin