N2 amplitude and latency summary statistics between groups (means, with standard deviations in parentheses).

<p>N2 amplitude and latency summary statistics between groups (means, with standard deviations in parentheses).</p

The six stimuli used in the present experiment (taken from Brydges, Clunies-Ross, et al., 2012).

<p>The six stimuli used in the present experiment (taken from Brydges, Clunies-Ross, et al., 2012).</p

Descriptive statistics of behavioural measures between groups (means, with standard deviations in parentheses).

<p>Descriptive statistics of behavioural measures between groups (means, with standard deviations in parentheses).</p

Grand-averaged difference waveforms computed as the incongruous – congruous waveform (green) and Nogo – congruous (green) with the amplitude (µV) as the y-axis and time (ms) as the x-axis.

<p>Time 0 represents stimulus onset.</p

Source localisation analyses for (a) Nogo – congruous and (b) incongruous – congruous N2 effects in the adult group.

<p>Source localisation analyses for (a) Nogo – congruous and (b) incongruous – congruous N2 effects in the adult group.</p

Allelic variation in dopamine D2 receptor gene is associated with attentional impulsiveness on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11)

<p><b>Objectives:</b> Previous studies have postulated that noradrenergic and/or dopaminergic gene variations are likely to underlie individual differences in impulsiveness, however, few have shown this. The current study examined the relationship between catecholamine gene variants and self-reported impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Version 11; BIS-11)</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Six hundred and seventy-seven non-clinical adults completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11). DNA was analysed for a set of 142 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 20 autosomal catecholamine genes. Association was tested using an additive regression model with permutation testing used to control for the influence of multiple comparison.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Analysis revealed an influence of rs4245146 of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene on the BIS-11 attention first-order factor, such that self-reported attentional impulsiveness increased in an additive fashion with each copy of the T allele.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> These findings provide preliminary evidence that allelic variation in DRD2 may influence impulsiveness by increasing the propensity for attentional lapses.</p

The six stimuli used in the present experiment.

<p>The six stimuli used in the present experiment.</p

N2 Amplitude and Latency Summary Statistics (Means, with Standard Deviations in Parentheses).

<p>N2 Amplitude and Latency Summary Statistics (Means, with Standard Deviations in Parentheses).</p

Stimulus-locked ERP waveforms, difference waveforms, and scalp topographic maps.

<p>Left-hand panel: Grand-averaged ERP in response to congruous (blue), incongruous (red), and Nogo (green) stimuli with the amplitude (µV) as the y-axis and time (ms) as the x-axis. Time 0 represents stimulus onset. Middle panel: Grand-averaged difference waveforms computed as the incongruous – congruous waveform (red) and Nogo – congruous (green). Right-hand panel: Topographic distribution of amplitude at the peak latency of the N2 identified in the difference waveforms (incongruous – congruous is shown in the upper map, and Nogo – congruous is shown in the lower map).</p