Hubungan Penggunaan Dan Penanganan Pestisida Pada Petani Bawang Merah Terhadap Residu Pestisida Dalam Tanah Di Lahan Pertanian Desa Wanasari Kecamatan Wanasari Kabupaten Brebes

Excessive use of pesticides causing pollution and environmental damage agriculture. Examination in Brebes on 31 samples of fruits and vegetables, found 22% of samples contain detectable residues of organophosphate and found two soil samples (10%) contained residues organochlorin. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the use and handling of pesticides on their onion farmers against pesticide residues in the soil on agricultural land Wanasari Village, District Wanasari, Brebes. This study is observational method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all farmers in the Wanasari conducting spraying. Collecting data using the tool Banu questionnaire and examination of pesticide residues in soil using GC-MS Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry. The results of this study are of 55 69.1 onion farmers use pesticides are not good. The use of pesticides covering 80% is not good in mixing pesticides, 87.3% use a smaller dose, 49.1% use pesticides that are not registered with the Ministry of Agriculture, 87.3% is not good in the way of spraying and 87.3 does well in frequency spraying. Handling pesticides in agricultural land is not good 59.1%, ie 74.5% is not good in handling pesticide containers, 90.9% is not good in storage of pesticides, 89.1% is not good in handling a spill and 87.3% did not either in place to clean pesticide containers. The research result is negative soil samples pesticide residues. The conclusion was that no pesticide residue class organochlorin

Analytical method summary.

<p>Analytical method summary.</p

Comparison of asbestos concentration to calcium: Magnesium ratio.

<p>Comparison of asbestos concentration to calcium: Magnesium ratio.</p

Comparison of soil sampling and analytical methods for asbestos at the Sumas Mountain Asbestos Site—Working towards a toolbox for better assessment

<div><p>Established soil sampling methods for asbestos are inadequate to support risk assessment and risk-based decision making at Superfund sites due to difficulties in detecting asbestos at low concentrations and difficulty in extrapolating soil concentrations to air concentrations. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s Office of Land and Emergency Management (OLEM) currently recommends the rigorous process of Activity Based Sampling (ABS) to characterize site exposures. The purpose of this study was to compare three soil analytical methods and two soil sampling methods to determine whether one method, or combination of methods, would yield more reliable soil asbestos data than other methods. Samples were collected using both traditional discrete (“grab”) samples and incremental sampling methodology (ISM). Analyses were conducted using polarized light microscopy (PLM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods or a combination of these two methods. Data show that the fluidized bed asbestos segregator (FBAS) followed by TEM analysis could detect asbestos at locations that were not detected using other analytical methods; however, this method exhibited high relative standard deviations, indicating the results may be more variable than other soil asbestos methods. The comparison of samples collected using ISM versus discrete techniques for asbestos resulted in no clear conclusions regarding preferred sampling method. However, analytical results for metals clearly showed that measured concentrations in ISM samples were less variable than discrete samples.</p></div

Summary of variability in soil data for asbestos.

<p>Summary of variability in soil data for asbestos.</p

Correlation plot for asbestos versus metals (measured concentrations from ISM samples (9a) and discrete samples (9b)).

<p>Correlations were calculated using Kendall’s Tau. Non-significant correlations are indicated by an X (p = 0.05). Dark blue = strong positive correlation; Dark red = strong negative correlation.</p

Breathing zone sample being collected during ISM subsampling.

<p>Breathing zone sample being collected during ISM subsampling.</p

View of typical cleared sample location, following use of specialized ISM sampling tool.

<p>View of typical cleared sample location, following use of specialized ISM sampling tool.</p

This figure shows how increments from each grid are combined to create each incremental sample.

<p>Note that three separate incremental samples consisting of increments from each of 30 locations are used to represent each decision unit.</p

Plot of ABS and stationary air concentrations of asbestos at each decision unit.

<p>Plot of ABS and stationary air concentrations of asbestos at each decision unit.</p