Novel Molten Salts Media For Production of Functional Materials

Physical-chemical properties of molten salt media based on potassium cryolite with additions of boron or scandium oxides have been considered from the point of view of their feasibility in production of functional materials, such as aluminum alloys. Liquidus temperature in the quasi-binary systems: [KF–AlF3]-B2O3, [KF–AlF3]-Sc2O3, [KF–NaF–AlF3]-B2O3, and [KF–NaF–AlF3]-Sc2O3 has been measured by thermal analysis. Solubility of Al2O3, B2O3, and Sc2O3 in potassium and potassium-sodium cryolites has been determined. The potassium-cryolite-based melts were found to have an enhance protective function due to a low melting point, and an effective refining ability due to a good alumina solubility. It has been assumed that for aluminum alloys production the potassium-cryolite-based melts can be used as fluxes with improved properties as well as electrolytes for low-temperature electrolysis

Novel Molten Salts Media For Production of Functional Materials

Physical-chemical properties of molten salt media based on potassium cryolite with additions of boron or scandium oxides have been considered from the point of view of their feasibility in production of functional materials, such as aluminum alloys. Liquidus temperature in the quasi-binary systems: [KF–AlF3]-B2O3, [KF–AlF3]-Sc2O3, [KF–NaF–AlF3]-B2O3, and [KF–NaF–AlF3]-Sc2O3 has been measured by thermal analysis. Solubility of Al2O3, B2O3, and Sc2O3 in potassium and potassium-sodium cryolites has been determined. The potassium-cryolite-based melts were found to have an enhance protective function due to a low melting point, and an effective refining ability due to a good alumina solubility. It has been assumed that for aluminum alloys production the potassium-cryolite-based melts can be used as fluxes with improved properties as well as electrolytes for low-temperature electrolysis

Electrolytes Based on the Potassium Kriolit for Low-Temperature Obtaining of Aluminium

Исследованы и описаны общими регрессионными уравнениями основные физико-химические свойства (температура ликвидуса, электропроводность, растворимость оксида алюминия) смешанных калий-натриевых криолитовых расплавов с криолитовым отношением 1,3-1,5 с добавками LiF и CaF2. На основании выявленных закономерностей определены составы электролитов, перспективные для низкотемпературного электролитического получения алюминия: KF-AlF3 и KF-NaF-AlF3, содержащие 12-15 мас. % NaF, с криолитовым отношением 1,3-1,5 и температурой ликвидуса ниже 800 °С. Растворимость глинозема в таких электролитах составляет не менее 4,5 мас. % в интервале температур 700-800 °С. Для повышения электропроводности рекомендуются добавки LiF в количестве не более 3 мас. %. Присутствие CaF2 в электролите нежелательноThe general regression equations basic physical and chemical properties (liquidus temperature, conductivity, solubility of alumina) mixed potassium-sodium cryolite melts with cryolite ratio 1,3- 1,5 with additives LiF and CaF2 are investigated and described. Based on the identified patterns the electrolyte composition, promising for low-temperature aluminum electrowinning are defined: KFAlF3 and KF-NaF-AlF3, containing 12-15 wt.% NaF, with cryolite ratio of 1,3-1,5 and the liquidus temperature below 800 C. The solubility of alumina in electrolytes such is not less than 4.5 wt.% in the temperature range of 700-800 C. In order to increase the electrical conductivity supplements LiF in an amount of not more than 3 wt.% are recommended. CaF2 in the presence of the electrolyte is not desirabl

Biodiversity of Coleoptera (Insecta) in Khvalynsky National Park (Saratov Region, Russia)

(1) Background: Coleoptera is one of the most diverse insect lineages. The beetle species live in many ecosystems around the globe and their roles in ecosystems are very diverse; thus, it is important to know the local and regional fauna varieties, especially for protected areas, such as nature reserves and national parks. (2) Methods: The materials were collected from the territory of the Khvalynsky National Park (European Russia, Saratov region), mainly over the last 30 years (1994–2022). The beetles were collected using different means (manual collection; the use soil traps, fermental crown traps, and Malaise traps; light fishing; sweeping with an entomological net on plants and under water, etc.). (3) Results: The dataset presents data on 914 species and subspecies of Coleoptera from 67 families found in the Khvalynsky National Park. The number of studied specimens was 7445. Four families (Cerylonidae, Byturidae, Phalacridae, and Sphindidae) and 95 species were recorded for the Khvalynsky National Park for the first time. Thirty-two species were recorded for the Saratov region for the first time. (4) Conclusions: The general biodiversity of Coleoptera in the Khvalynsky National Park includes 1203 species from 71 families

Electrolytes Based on the Potassium Kriolit for Low-Temperature Obtaining of Aluminium

Исследованы и описаны общими регрессионными уравнениями основные физико-химические свойства (температура ликвидуса, электропроводность, растворимость оксида алюминия) смешанных калий-натриевых криолитовых расплавов с криолитовым отношением 1,3-1,5 с добавками LiF и CaF2. На основании выявленных закономерностей определены составы электролитов, перспективные для низкотемпературного электролитического получения алюминия: KF-AlF3 и KF-NaF-AlF3, содержащие 12-15 мас. % NaF, с криолитовым отношением 1,3-1,5 и температурой ликвидуса ниже 800 °С. Растворимость глинозема в таких электролитах составляет не менее 4,5 мас. % в интервале температур 700-800 °С. Для повышения электропроводности рекомендуются добавки LiF в количестве не более 3 мас. %. Присутствие CaF2 в электролите нежелательноThe general regression equations basic physical and chemical properties (liquidus temperature, conductivity, solubility of alumina) mixed potassium-sodium cryolite melts with cryolite ratio 1,3- 1,5 with additives LiF and CaF2 are investigated and described. Based on the identified patterns the electrolyte composition, promising for low-temperature aluminum electrowinning are defined: KFAlF3 and KF-NaF-AlF3, containing 12-15 wt.% NaF, with cryolite ratio of 1,3-1,5 and the liquidus temperature below 800 C. The solubility of alumina in electrolytes such is not less than 4.5 wt.% in the temperature range of 700-800 C. In order to increase the electrical conductivity supplements LiF in an amount of not more than 3 wt.% are recommended. CaF2 in the presence of the electrolyte is not desirabl