154 research outputs found

    O retorno da terra : as retomadas na aldeia Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro, sul da Bahia

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    Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Centro de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação Sobre as Américas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Comparados Sobre as Américas, 2013.Esta dissertação de mestrado discute as “retomadas de terras” levadas a cabo pelos Tupinambá da aldeia Serra do Padeiro, sul da Bahia, Brasil. Em definição sucinta, pode-se dizer que as retomadas consistem em processos de recuperação, pelos indígenas, de áreas por eles tradicionalmente ocupadas, no interior das fronteiras da Terra Indígena Tupinambá de Olivença, já delimitada, e que se encontravam em posse de não-índios. Entre 2004 e 2012, os Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro retomaram 22 fazendas e, a despeito das tentativas de reintegração de posse – com a realização de prisões de lideranças e prática de tortura contra os indígenas –, mantêm a ocupação de todas as áreas. Concebendo o território, a um só tempo, como pertencente aos “encantados” (classe de seres não humanos com os quais convivem os indígenas), construído pelos antepassados, e como condição de possibilidade de vida autônoma, os Tupinambá compreendem sua atuação como inscrita em uma história de longa duração. Nesse sentido, as retomadas são mais que “instrumentos de pressão”, destinados a fazer com que o Estado brasileiro concluísse o processo administrativo de demarcação da Terra Indígena. Essas formas de ação são parte de uma estratégia de resistência e luta pelo efetivo “retorno da terra”, categoria engendrada pelos Tupinambá, lastreada em suas concepções territoriais, e que será debatida neste estudo. Apesar de as retomadas serem reconhecidas pela literatura antropológica como uma prática disseminada entre os povos indígenas no Brasil, elas não têm sido objeto de estudos detidos. Tendo isso em vista, por meio de incursão etnográfica e pesquisa documental, buscou-se descrever e analisar o processo de retomada do território Tupinambá, com vistas a somar esforços na construção de um quadro analítico das formas contemporâneas de resistência indígena. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis thesis discusses the retomadas de terras, political actions taken by the Tupinambá people of Serra do Padeiro, in the south of Bahia state, Brazil. In a short definition, the retomadas can be presented as processes by which the Indigenous community retakes possession of its traditionally occupied lands (which were in the hands of non-Indigenous people) within the borders of the Terra Indígena Tupinambá de Olivença. From 2004 to 2012, the Tupinambá community of Serra do Padeiro has retaken possession of 22 farms. Despite violent police attempts to evict the Indigenous people – unlawful acts have occurred, Indigenous leaders have been imprisoned and tortured –, they have not left the areas. The Tupinambá people believe that the territory belongs to the encantados (non-human entities, who inhabit Tupinambá territory), has been constructed by their ancestors, and is a condition for the construction of autonomous life. Thus, they understand their mobilization within a long term history. The retomadas are more than mechanisms to pressure the Brazilian State to finish the demarcatory process. These action are part of a strategy of resistance and struggle for the effective “return of the land”, a category of the Tupinambá people, based on their territorial conceptions, which will be analyzed in the present study. Even though the retomadas are recognized by anthropological literature as a widespread practice of Indigenous peoples in Brazil, they have not yet been studied closely. Through ethnographic and bibliographic research, we aim to analyze and describe the process of retaking of lands among Tupinambá people, aiming to contribute to the construction of an analytical framework of contemporary experiences of Indigenous resistance

    “CONSTRUIR UMA OUTRA ALDEIA”: VÍNCULOS SOCIAIS E TERRITORIAIS NO PROCESSO DE RETOMADA, ALDEIA TUPINAMBÁ DE SERRA DO PADEIRO, BAHIA

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    This article, based on ethnographic research, considers the process by which, in the last decade, the Tupinambá people of Serra do Padeiro (in Southern Bahia, Brazil) have retaken possession of its traditionally occupied lands. More specifically, it focuses on the retomadas de terras, the main form of political action developed by the group nowadays. In a short definition, the retomadas can be presented as processes by which the Indigenous community retakes possession of its traditionally occupied lands –which were in the hands of non-Indigenous people–, which fall within the borders of the Terra Indígena Tupinambá de Olivença. By retaking areas, they have been able to leave behind their old positions amidst the regional society (especially as workers living in precarious conditions in cocoa farms) and to resume traditional activities, such as small-scale farming, hunting, fishing and collecting. Also, they have been revisiting their history and redefining their future trajectory. This article aims to demonstrate the relations between the retaking process and the maintenance and reinforcement of the ethnic identity of the Tupinambá people, their social and territorial bonds.Este artigo, baseado em pesquisa etnográfica, debruça-se sobre o processo de recuperação territorial que vem sendo levado a cabo pelos Tupinambá da aldeia Serra do Padeiro (sul da Bahia) na última década. Mais especificamente, focaliza as retomadas de terra, principal forma de ação política desenvolvida contemporaneamente pelo grupo. Em definição sucinta, pode-se dizer que as retomadas consistem em processos de recuperação, pelos indígenas, de áreas por eles tradicionalmente ocupadas, no interior das fronteiras da Terra Indígena Tupinambá de Olivença, já delimitada, e que se encontravam em posse de não índios. Engajados no processo de “construção da aldeia”, os indígenas estão deixando as posições de subordinação que ocupavam na sociedade regional, especialmente como mão de obra precária em fazendas de cacau, e voltando a se dedicar às atividades que desenvolviam tradicionalmente (como agricultura em pequena escala, criação de animais, caça, pesca e coleta). Vêm, ainda, atualizando sua história e projetando a trajetória futura do grupo étnico. Neste texto, buscar-se-á demonstrar as relações entre o processo de retomada e a manutenção e o fortalecimento da identidade étnica tupinambá, dos laços sociais e territoriais do grupo

    “VOCÊ PODE IR PARA O FUNDO DO MUNDO, MAS SEMPRE VOLTA PARA A ALDEIA”: : OS TUPINAMBÁ DA SERRA DO PADEIRO, SUL DA BAHIA, E O RETORNO DOS PARENTES

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    Este artigo descreve e analisa a mobilização contemporânea dos Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro (Terra Indígena Tupinambá de Olivença, sul da Bahia) no quadro da recuperação territorial em curso na aldeia. Mais especificamente, ele se debruça sobre o retorno dos parentes, o processo de reversão da diáspora atrelado às retomadas de terras, ações de recuperação da posse de áreas detidas por não indígenas no interior do território tupinambá. Assentado em reconstituições de trajetórias de interlocutores e interlocutoras envolvidos na recuperação territorial, o artigo investiga o retorno dos parentes em seus aspectos gerais, como sua distribuição na aldeia, as conexões com faixa etária e gênero, as condições para os regressos, suas causas e outros elementos. Além disso, examina as dinâmicas de mobilização que precipitavam, concretizavam e sustentavam os retornos, envolvendo vivos, mortos e encantados, entidades centrais da cosmologia tupinambá

    Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

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    We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

    Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

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    Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

    Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

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    Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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    The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

    Elliptic flow of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

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    The elliptic flow, v(2), of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays at forward rapidity (2.5 <y <4) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)= 2.76TeVwith the ALICE detector at the LHC. The scalar product, two- and four-particle Q cumulants and Lee-Yang zeros methods are used. The dependence of the v(2) of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays on the collision centrality, in the range 0-40%, and on transverse momentum, p(T), is studied in the interval 3 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. A positive v(2) is observed with the scalar product and two-particle Q cumulants in semi-central collisions (10-20% and 20-40% centrality classes) for the p(T) interval from 3 to about 5GeV/c with a significance larger than 3 sigma, based on the combination of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The v(2) magnitude tends to decrease towards more central collisions and with increasing pT. It becomes compatible with zero in the interval 6 <p(T)<10 GeV/c. The results are compared to models describing the interaction of heavy quarks and open heavy-flavour hadrons with the high-density medium formed in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

    Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

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