Cooperation in R&D as a leading indicator of innovative activity growth

Purpose: The article is focused on new trends in cooperation activity in research and development in the manufacturing industries of Russia. Various types of cooperation are considered, special attention is paid to research organizations and universities. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the context of this issue, it seems necessary to consider the conceptual framework and information basis for the analysis of scientific activity, to study the problems of scientific and technical cooperation, based on the works of foreign and domestic scientists and to develop indicators of cooperative activities. Finding: Authors proposed to rank the regions of Russia by the level of cooperation activity based on a specially developed hidden indicator. Comparison of the results obtained with regional layers of the costs of R&D suggests that joint research and development activities are typical for those regions that pay considerable attention to development of science. Ranking regions of Russia in terms of cooperative activity allowed identifying the leaders and outsiders of this process. Practical implications: The results of the study can be used in the development of measures of regional development of the country in the implementation of R&D. Originality/Value: To study the impact of the resource base on the cooperative activities of the organization, the authors proposed a composite indicator that includes a wide range of indicators that consider various aspects of cooperative activity.This work was supported by a grant of Russian Foundation for Basic Research №18-010-00564 Modern Tendencies and Social and Economic Consequences of Digital Technologies Development in Russia.peer-reviewe

Evolutionary Status of Long-Period Radio Pulsars

We analyze the evolutionary status of recently discovered long-period radio sources PSR J0901-4046, GLEAM-X J1627-52, and GPM J1839-10. We discuss the hypothesis that all three sources are radio pulsars. In the framework of standard scenarios, it is often accepted that the pulsar mechanism is switched off when an external matter can penetrate the light cylinder. If the matter is stopped outside the light cylinder then the neutron star is at the ejector stage. We demonstrate that for realistic parameters of the interstellar medium, the 76-second pulsar PSR J0901-4046 might be at this stage. However, sources GLEAM-X J1627-52 and GPM J1839-10 with periods $\gtrsim 1000$ s can be ejectors only in the case of unrealistically large dipolar fields $\gtrsim 10^{16}$ G. Also, we show that neutron stars with spin periods $\sim 100$ s and dipolar magnetic fields $\lesssim 10^{13}$ G cannot be ejectors in a typical interstellar medium. Thus, we predict that long-period pulsars with standard fields will not be discovered.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted to Astronomy Letters, translation by the author

Early Accretion Onset in Long-Period Isolated Pulsars

We model long-term magneto-rotational evolution of isolated neutron stars with long initial spin periods. This analysis is motivated by the recent discovery of young long-period neutron stars observed as periodic radio sources: PSR J0901-4046, GLEAM-X J1627-52, and GPM J1839-10. Our calculations demonstrate that for realistically rapid spin-down during the propeller stage all isolated neutron stars with velocities $\lesssim100$ km s$^{-1}$ are able to reach the stage of accretion from the interstellar medium within a few billion years. If neutron stars with long initial spin periods form a relatively large fraction of all Galactic neutron stars then the number of isolated accretors is sufficiently larger than it has been predicted by previous studies.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PAS

High purity β-Bi2O3 preparation by thermal decomposition of tartrates

The processes of oxidative thermolysis of bismuth(III) DL-tartrate BiC4H3O6 obtained by the interaction of high-purity basic bismuth(III) nitrates [Bi6O4(OH)4](NO3)6·H2O and [Bi6O5(OH)3](NO3)5·3H2O with DL-tartaric acid solution have been investigated. The products of precipitation have been studied by methods of X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy and chemical analysis. The staging of thermal transformation processes has been determined. Morphological studies and grain size analysis of initial precursors and final products of their thermal transformations have been carried out. The possibility of obtaining fine crystalline powders of tetragonal bismuth(III) oxide modification β-Bi2O3 by oxidative thermolysis of DL-BiC4H3O6 has been shown

The effect of preventive vaccination on chickenpox incidence in Russia

Introduction. The significance of the chickenpox (CP) problem for public health and economy of Russia necessitated inclusion of CP vaccination in the regional immunization programs of some regions of the Russian Federation and in the vaccination schedule as an epidemic-response measure. The purpose of the study was to assess the effectiveness of CP vaccination to provide the rationale for recommendations on expansion of the national preventive vaccination schedule. Materials and methods. The vaccination effectiveness was assessed by comparison of the vaccination rates and CP incidence rates in 20062021 with the reference to the data collected from forms No. 2 and No. 5 of the National Statistical Monitoring in Russia and in its regions. Results and discussion. Before 2019, in some regions of Russia, CP vaccination of children within regional immunization programs and vaccination of risk groups within the vaccination schedule following the epidemic-response measures had hardly any effect on the epidemiological situation. The remote-work and stay-at-home policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 resulted in a decrease in the incidence and an increased number of individuals who did not have immunity against Varicella zoster, thus subsequently leading to the increased CP incidence in the country. However, the Central, Volga, and Siberian Federal Districts were able to avoid an increase in the CP incidence due to the significantly increased vaccination coverage among children in 20202021. At the same time, in most of the regions, less than 2% of children aged 16 years were vaccinated annually. The insufficient CP vaccination coverage in the regions having extensive experience of planned immunization of children led to the shift of the incidence towards older age groups and increased risk of development of congenital infection. Conclusion. To increase the effectiveness of CP preventive vaccination, it is recommended that the national vaccination schedule should include two-dose vaccination with the coverage of at least 90% of one-year-old children, while continuing immunization of older age individuals from the groups that are at risk of infection

DIAGNOSTIC DIFFICULTIES OF THE ISOLATED LIVER TUBERCULOSIS

The article describes the case of abdominal tuberculosis – isolated tuberculous lesion of liver. The diagnosis was based on computer tomography of the abdomen and retroperitoneal space with bolus amplification, histological testing of surgery specimens and positive results of diaskintest. This case proves the difficulties of abdominal tuberculosis diagnostics and it justifies the need to perform magnetic resonance tomography of the abdomen, and computer tomography of the abdomen with bolus amplification, special attention is to be paid to the patients with low-grade fever belonging to tuberculosis risk groups

Analyzing the Influence of Diatomite and Mineral Fertilizers on the Features of Cadmium-Contaminated Urban Lawns

Contamination with heavy metals is among key anthropogenic pressures, experienced by urban lawns. It results in depletion of their environmental quality and functions. Implementation of fertilizers, containing silicon, is a promising approach to increase urban lawns’ sustainability to heavy metals’ pollution. Based on the field experiment, an influence of cadmium contamination on the chemical features and biomass quality of modeled urban green lawn ecosystems was studied. We demonstrated an increase of cadmium consumption by biomass on the second year of observations as the result of diatomite implementation together with mineral fertilizers. Both total sugar and disaccharides’ content in biomass was 15-20% higher for the contaminated plots where diatomite was implemented together with mineral fertilizers, compared to the uncontaminated control. This evidences a positive effect of the implemented reclaiming on stress tolerance of the green lawns

ГЛУБИННОЕ СТРОЕНИЕ И МОДЕЛЬ НЕОАРХЕЙСКОЙ ЭВОЛЮЦИИ СЕВЕРО‐АМЕРИКАНСКОГО КРАТОНА

The structure of the Archaean crust of the North America has been studied based on the synthesis of geolo‐ gical and geophysical data, including seismic sections along LITHOPROBE Geotransects, magnetic and gravity anomaly maps, and seismic tomography data. The authors rely on the experience gained in the Russian Program of the deep geological and geophysical studies of the East European Craton. The juvenile Neoarchaean crust, containing the frag‐ ments of reworked Meso‐ and Paleoarchaean rocks, forms an asymmetric round‐oval‐shaped domain, wherein the geophysical, structural, and metamorphic parameters display a concentric zoning pattern. The Central zone occupies the Hudson Bay basin. The Internal zone (the northeastern and northern Superior Province) is mainly composed of the granulite facies of metaplutonic, metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. The External zone encompasses the southern Superior Province together with Hearne and Rae Provinces. This paper presents 3D crustal models of sou‐ thern Superior Province. The crust development resulted from rifting and a partial disruption of the continental crust, short‐term opening of the linear oceans, successive northward subduction and accretion of the ancient continental and juvenile Neoarchaean oceanic and island‐arc terranes between ~2.78 and ~2.70 Ga. Subsequent events in the epicontinental environment, including formation of the metasedimentary belts, granulite facies metamorphism and intense ore formation processes, took place within the range from ~2.71 to ~2.63 Ga. The SCLM morphology within the limits of the Archaean North American Craton can be represented as a flattened overturned cone with a vertical axis (down to a depth of ~350 km). The Hudson Bay basin is located right above the lithospheric keel. A number of the main features of the structure and evolution of the Archaean crust of the North American Craton, primarily the oval‐ concentric zoning, the important role of high‐temperature magmatic and metamorphic processes and mainly in‐ tracontinental magmatism and sedimentation, indicates the leading role of the mantle‐plume type processes. The Neoarchaean evolution of the North American craton represents the plate‐tectonic processes initiated by a super‐ plume. The Neoarchaean North American Craton is one of a series of similar phenomena that occurred ~2.75 Ga ago in a number of continental regions. The most important features, repeated to a certain degree in tectonic units of this type, are: (1) synchronous formation between 2.79 and 2.58 Ga; (2) mainly intracontinental development; (3) the prevalence of oval‐shaped synformal tectonic structures of different ranks with some form of concentric zoning; (4) high‐temperature magmatism (usually with the participation of enderbite‐charnockites and gabbro‐anorthosites) and metamorphism of the granulite facies; (5) a frequently repeated combination of high‐grade (granulite and high‐ temperature amphibolites facies) and low‐ or moderate‐grade (greenschist and epidote‐amphibolite facies) meta‐ morphic rocks; (6) the lower‐crust granulite‐basaltic layer that had formed and was deformed at the final stage of endogenic activity; (7) a thick lithosphere (the lithospheric keel reaches a depth of 250–350 km).Cтроение архейской коры Северной Америки представлено на базе синтеза геолого‐геофизической информации (сейсмопрофили программы LITHOPROBE, карты аномальных магнитного и гравитационного полей, данные сейсмотомографических исследований литосферы). В своей работе авторы опирались на опыт, полученный при изучении Восточно‐Европейского кратона в рамках российской программы глубинных геолого‐геофизических исследований. Ювенильная неоархейская кора, содержащая фрагменты переработанной мезопалеоархейской коры, заключена в асимметричной округло‐овальной области, где распределение геофизических, структурно‐тектонических и метаморфических характеристик подчинено концентрической зональности. Центральная зона охватывает впадину Гудзонова залива. В строении Внутренней зоны (северо‐восточная и северная часть провинции Сьюпириор) преобладают плутонические, вулканогенные и осадочные породы, сформированные и/или метаморфизованные в условиях гранулитовой фации. Внешняя зона охватывает южную часть провинции Сьюпириор и провинции Херн и Рэй. В статье представлена трехмерная модель глубинного строения южной части провинции Сьюпириор. Формирование коры в южной части провинции Сьюпириор стало результатом рифтинга и частичного разрыва континентальной коры, кратковременного раскрытия линейных океанов, последовательной субдукции в северном направлении и аккреции древних континентальных фрагментов и неоархейских океанических и островодужных террейнов между ~2.78 и ~2.70 млрд лет. Последующие события в эпиконтинентальной обстановке, в том числе формирование метаосадочных поясов, метаморфизм гранулитовой фации и интенсивное рудообразование, заключены в интервале от ~2.71 до ~2.63 млрд лет. Литосферу Северной Америки в границах архейского континента можно представить в виде уплощенного перевернутого конуса, вершина которого (литосферный киль) расположена на глубине ~350 км. Впадина Гудзонова залива располагается непосредственно над литосферным килем. Ряд главных особенностей строения и эволюции архейской коры Северо‐Американского кратона, прежде всего овально‐концентрическая зональность, важная роль высокотемпературных магматических и метаморфических процессов, преимущественно внутриконтинентальные обстановки магматизма и осадконакопления, указывает на ведущую роль процессов мантийно‐плюмового типа. Модель неоархейской эволюции Северо‐Американского кратона демонстрирует ведущую роль процессов мантийно‐плюмового типа, относящихся к классу суперплюмов. Неоархейский кратон Северной Америки является одним из наиболее ярких в ряду близких по содержанию объектов, зафиксированных практически на всех континентах ~2.75 млрд лет назад. К числу их важнейших особенностей относятся: 1) синхронность формирования в интервале между 2.79 и 2.58 млрд лет; 2) преимущественно внутриконтинентальное развитие; 3) преобладание овальных в плане синформных тектонических структур различного ранга с той или иной формой концентрической зональности; 4) высокотемпературный магматизм (как правило, с участием эндербит‐чарнокитов и габброанортозитов) и метаморфизм гранулитовой фации; 5) часто повторяющееся сочетание ассоциаций горных пород высокого уровня метаморфизма (гранулитовой и высокотемпературной амфиболитовой фации) и низкого – умеренного метаморфизма, зеленосланцевой и эпидот‐амфиболитовой фации; 6) наличие нижнекорового гранулит‐базитового слоя, сформированного и деформированного на заключительной стадии эндогенной активности; 7) мощная литосфера, максимальная глубина которой в области литосферного киля достигает 250–350 км

A novel endonuclease IV post-PCR genotyping system

Here we describe a novel endonuclease IV (Endo IV) based assay utilizing a substrate that mimics the abasic lesions that normally occur in double-stranded DNA. The three component substrate is characterized by single-stranded DNA target, an oligonucleotide probe, separated from a helper oligonucleotide by a one base gap. The oligonucleotide probe contains a non-fluorescent quencher at the 5′ end and fluorophore attached to the 3′ end through a special rigid linker. Fluorescence of the oligonucleotide probe is efficiently quenched by the interaction of terminal dye and quencher when not hybridized. Upon hybridization of the oligonucleotide probe and helper probe to their complementary target, the phosphodiester linkage between the rigid linker and the 3′ end of the probe is efficiently cleaved, generating a fluorescent signal. In this study, the use of the Endo IV assay as a post-PCR amplification detection system is demonstrated. High sensitivity and specificity are illustrated using single nucleotide polymorphism detection

AUTOMATIC SYSTEM FOR PREDICTION OF OPTIMAL CONDITION FOR HYDROGENATION REACTIONS

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