Evolution of socio-cultural policy mapping of city community design for city sociocultural space

The aim of this study is to carry out a comprehensive analysis tools for mapping communities in the context of the modernization upgrade the socio-cultural space of present-day Ukrainian city. Methodology of research: To accomplish the tasks, the following general scientific and empirical methods were used such as: analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematization, generalization, as well as questionnaires, focus group research and method «World café». To analyze the development and implementation of communities mapping projects in the modern city, we are involved with axiological and activity approaches. The method of cultural mapping of the city of participatory type based on the city of Melitopol is developed. The scientific novelty of the study is an interdisciplinary correlative-integrative approach to the study of the problem of mapping, modernization and sustainable socio-cultural development of the modern Ukrainian city, which combines the cultural, philosophical and sociological principles of analysis and consists in an attempt of a culturally-analytical comprehensive study of ways of organizing the cooperation of the urban community with local self-government bodies. Conclusions. In this study, an attempt was made not only to characterize the mapping of the community as a method, but also to identify the possibilities of its use for the study of the socio-territorial space, to determine its practical significance, which, in our opinion, may serve as a scientific basis not only for knowledge, forecasting of urban socio-cultural processes, but also will contribute to the development of the communityʼs potential, the construction of the territorial organization of local self-government

Coronas-F Orbit Monitoring and Re-Entry Prediction

Russian scientific satellite CORONAS-F was launched on July, 31, 2001. The object was inserted in near-circular orbit with the inclination 82.5deg and a mean altitude approx. 520 km. Due to the upper atmosphere drag CORONAS-F was permanently descended and as a result on December, 6, 2005 it has finished the earth-orbital flight, having lifetime in space approx. 4.5 years. The satellite structural features and its flight attitude control led to the significant variations of its ballistic coefficient during the flight. It was a cause of some specific difficulties in the fulfillment of the ballistic and navigation support of this space vehicle flight. Besides the main mission objective CORONAS-F also has been selected by the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC) as a target object for the next regular international re-entry test campaign on a program of surveillance and re-entry prediction for the hazard space objects within their de-orbiting phases. Spacecraft (S/C) CORONAS-F kept its working state right up to the end of the flight - down to the atmosphere entry. This fact enabled to realization of the additional research experiments, concerning with an estimation of the atmospheric density within the low earth orbits (LEO) of the artificial satellites, and made possible to continue track the S/C during final phase of its flight by means of Russian regular command & tracking system, used for it control. Thus there appeared a unique possibility of using for tracking S/C at its de-orbiting phase not only passive radar facilities, belonging to the space surveillance systems and traditionally used for support of the IADC re-entry test campaigns, but also more precise active trajectory radio-tracking facilities from the ground control complex (GCC) applied for this object. Under the corresponding decision of the Russian side such capability of additional high-precise tracking control of the CORONAS-F flight in this period of time has been implemented. The organizing of the CORONAS-F ballistic and navigational support (BNS) and solving its main tasks (such as S/C orbit determination (OD) and its motion prediction and connected with them) both for regular mission stage and for additional flight program were realized by the group of specialists from the Mission Control Center (MCC). MCC was also assigned as a principal organization from the Russian side for participation in the 7th IADC re-entry test campaign on CORONAS-F. The CORONAS-F flight features and space environments circumstances during its flight as well as a methodology and technology of spacecraft ballistic and navigational support are given below. The BNS results for different phases of S/C flight, including the results of its re-entry predictions, obtained during the realization of the 7th IADC test campaign are submitted. The accuracy of space vehicle re-entry prediction and its dependence on various factors are analyzed in more details

Міжнародний маркетинг та маркетинговий аудит в контексті європейської інтеграції та глобалізації

Особливості міжнародного маркетингу визначаються специфікою зовнішнього середовища, в умовах якої він реалізується. Перш за все необхідно враховувати ставлення національного уряду до зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. Воно може створювати сприятливі умови для здійснення зовнішньоекономічної діяльності. І навпаки, уряд може бути незацікавленим у виході окремих своїх фірм на зовнішній ринок, може створити всілякі перешкоди на цьому шляху. Для маркетингу в цілому та для міжнародного маркетингу сьогодні характерне швидке старіння ідей і концепцій, викликане змінами ринкової ситуації. А система управління компанією інерційна: маркетингові стратегії, методи і прийоми, які застосовувалися вчора, застосовуються і сьогодні. Тому корисно залучати сторонніх фахівців для проведення маркетингового аудиту, що дозволяє по-новому поглянути на звичні обставини і умови, привнести нові ідеї і відкрити нові можливості. Передбачається, що процеси глобалізації мають суттєвий влив не тільки на розвиток міжнародного маркетингу, а й на маркетинговий аудит, що в свою чергу дає змогу визначити особливості міжнародного маркетингу. Метою статті є дослідження сутності міжнародного маркетингу та маркетингового аудиту, представлено основні їх характеристики та принципи взаємодії в сучасних умовах господарювання. Методи дослідження: метод системного аналізу та логічного узагальнення – для імплементація напрямів розвитку міжнародного маркетингу; субстратний підхід – для обґрунтування та систематизації особливостей міжнародного маркетингу та маркетингового аудиту. Обґрунтовано особливості міжнародного маркетингу та маркетингового аудиту, це дає змогу оцінити діяльність підприємства в сфері маркетингу та міжнародного маркетингу, порівняти отримані дані про маркетингову діяльність підприємства на внутрішньому та зовнішньому ринках з підходом до маркетингу прямих конкурентів, розробити рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності роботи маркетингового підрозділу на підприємстві, щодо застосування сучасного інструментарію маркетингу та особливостей міжнародного маркетингу і визначити алгоритм їх реалізації, щоб відповісти на нові вимоги ринку і конкурентної ситуації, оцінити ефективність діючого персоналу служби маркетингу, прийняти кадрові рішення, визначити якісні та кількісні потреби в персоналі. Питання проведення маркетингового аудиту в сьогоднішніх умовах функціонування підприємств має першочерговий характер. Його необхідність полягає в визначенні ефективності існуючих методів управління, а також вироблення нових підходів до створення комплексу маркетингу в рамках стратегії підприємства, що діє в умовах евроінтеграційних та глобалізаційних процесів.Features of international marketing are determined by the specific environment in which it is implemented. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the attitude of the national government to foreign economic activity. It can create favorable conditions for carrying out foreign economic activities. Conversely, the government may be uninterested in the entry of its individual firms into the foreign market, and may create all sorts of obstacles along the way. Marketing in general and international marketing today is characterized by the rapid aging of ideas and concepts caused by the changing market situation. And the company management system is inertial: the marketing strategies, methods and techniques used yesterday are still in use today. Therefore, it is useful to involve third parties to conduct a marketing audit, which allows you to take a fresh look at the usual circumstances and conditions, bring in new ideas and open up new opportunities. It is assumed that the processes of globalization have a significant impact not only on the development of international marketing, but also on marketing audit, which in turn allows to determine the features of international marketing. The aim of the article is a study of the essence of international marketing and marketing audit, presents their main characteristics and principles of interaction in modern business conditions. The research methodology: method of systematic analysis and logical generalization – for implementation of directions of development of international marketing; substrate approach – to justify and systematize the features of international marketing and marketing audit. Features of international marketing and marketing audit are substantiated, it allows to evaluate the activity of the enterprise in the sphere of marketing and international marketing, to compare the obtained data on the marketing activity of the enterprise in the domestic and foreign markets with the approach to the marketing of direct competitors, to develop recommendations for increasing the efficiency of marketing division, on the use of modern marketing tools and features of international marketing and to determine the algorithm their implementation to meet the new requirements of the market and the competitive situation, to evaluate the effectiveness of existing staff of marketing, make personnel decisions, identify qualitative and quantitative needs for staff. The question of conducting a marketing audit in today's conditions of functioning of enterprises is of the highest priority. Its need is to determine the effectiveness of existing management methods, as well as to develop new approaches to creating a complex marketing within the enterprise strategy, which operates in the context of European integration and globalization processes

Opportunities for immunocorrection aiming for reduction of morbidity in the areas with adverse occupational and environmental conditions

Previous studies have shown that prolonged professional contact with chemical xenobiotics contributes to sensitization of immune system and development of typical immunopathological processes, i.e., allergies and autoimmune diseases. Origin and severity of immune system disorders depends on the spectrum and duration of exposure to adverse factors and patterns of professional activity at the chemically hazardous facilities. The study of structural and functional changes in cellular, humoral and some factors of innate immunity in people working and living in areas with unfavorable environmental conditions revealed a number of immunological disorders that can be characterized as secondary immunodeficiency conditions, which may manifest with increased frequency of acute respiratory infections and other chronic diseases. Much attention is given to prevention and treatment of secondary immunodeficiency conditions, which are associated with decreased numbers of lymphocytes expressing CD3, CD4, CD8. The purpose of the study was determined by recent positive experience of using highly effective drugs based on thymic regulatory peptides affecting various steps of homeostasis, in order to correct immune disorders caused by exposure to radiation and other toxic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in immunity and effectiveness of immune correction by means of immunotropic drugs, i.e., Thymogen nasal spray, and Cytovir-3 capsules, in the cohorts living and working under the conditions of heavy chemical exposure. We observed 249 persons aged 18 years to 63 years recruited from the employees of the “Polygon “Krasny Bor” State Enterprise. The people had longterm professional contacts with the components of industrial toxic waste were under examination. Group 1 consisted of the administration staff, group 2 included drivers of special cargo transport. The control group consisted of 137 employees at the car enterprises in Saint Petersburg. The duration of follow-up observation was 1 year. The patients with a detected decrease in cellular immunity received immunotropic drugs based on alpha-glutamyl-tryptophan (Thymogen nasal spray dosed (Thymogen, 62 persons), or combined encapsuleted Cytovir-3 drug (Cytovir, 31 cases). 14 days after finishing the course, a second immunological study was conducted. Following the immunotropic therapies, the subjects showed an increase in relative content of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ subpopulations, normalization of functional oxygen-dependent metabolism of polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocyte system in the NBT test, as well as harmonization of the content of serum immunoglobulin contents. The one-year follow-up showed high effectiveness of these drugs, as shown by decreased incidence of acute infectious and lower exacerbation rates of chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. For the group 1 with working experience of 1 to 5 years, the persons who received Thymogen exhibited lower incidence of acute respiratory viral infections (a 37% decrease), like as less frequency of bronchopulmonary diseases (by 25% from the baseline). The patients with long-term work experience in an unfavorable area (Group 2), who received Thymogen, have shown four-fold reduction in acute respiratory morbidity, decreased frequency of other respiratory diseases (1.5-fold), and disorders of digestive organs (a 1.75-fold decrease). Among persons from the 1st and 2nd groups with work experience of up to 1 year, who received Cytovir-3, the SARS incidence decreased by 1.95 and 2.0 times, respectively. It is shown that timely detection of immune system disorders induced by the influence of complex harmful chemical factors, and administration of selective immunocorrecting therapy may contribute to reduction of acute and chronic morbidity in the people working under unfavorable environmental conditions

Small telescopes being effective: MAGIC or not?

The paper describes the MAGIC multi-mode focal reducer (Monitoring of Active Galaxies by Investigation of their Cores), commissioned on the 1-m Zeiss-1000 telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences in September 2020. Three observational modes are currently realised: photometry, polarimetry, and long-slit spectroscopy. Reducing the focal length makes it possible to obtain a sufficiently large field of view for photometry and a large slit height for spectroscopy of $\sim$12$'$, as well as a large field of view for polarimetry with a quadrupole Wollaston prism of $\sim$6$'$.4. This feature makes the complex study of extended nebulae and galaxies efficient. The MAGIC capabilities are presented in examples of observations of various astronomical objects. The spectral mode in the range of 4000-7200 AA provides the spectral resolution $R \sim$ 1000; for a starlike target up to 14 mag in medium-band filters with a seeing of 1$''$ for 20 minutes of total exposure, the photometry accuracy is better than 0.01 mag and the polarization accuracy is better than 0.6%. Especially for the new focal reducer, an offset guide and a position angle rotation system were implemented. The results of the modernization of the baffle system in the optical scheme of the telescope for the suppression of scattered light are also described

A Simplistic Analytical Model for Hydrogen Surface Coverage Under the Influence of Various Surface-Related Processes and Ion Bombardment

The paper describes a simple analytical model that allows the calculation of hydrogen surface coverage under the influence of several processes that can co-occur during the ion-beam bombardment/sputter analysis of a sample surface, in particular during analysis by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The model considers processes of dissociative adsorption, desorption, absorption from the surface into the sample volume, and removal by ion bombardment. After describing the model, we provide some examples of its practical applications for interpretation of the experimental results obtained during in situ SIMS studies of hydrogen interaction with the hydrogen-storage alloys TiFe, Zr2Fe, and with nickel. In the examples, some quantitative characteristics of surface-related processes involving hydrogen, such as hydrogen sputtering rate, activation energy of hydrogen desorption and absorption, have been successfully determined using various model approaches

Two years of experience in hospital surveillance for the severe influenza like illnesses in St. Petersburg: etiology, clinical characterization of diseases, antigenic and genetic properties of isolated influenza viruses

In this paper, we analyze the etiology of the diseases occurring during two consecutive influenza epidemic seasons in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. The analysis is based on the results of the PCR diagnostics of the clinical samples collected from patients hospitalized in three St. Petersburg hospitals with influenza like illnesses (ILI). It was shown that the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant causative agent during the 2012-2013 epidemic season while, in the 2013-2014 season, A(H3N2) virus was predominant among adults and children. The influenza B virus activity was high in the 2012-2013 season and low in the 2013-2014 season. During both seasons, the main causative agent for the hospitalization of young children was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), followed by rhinovirus and influenza virus. The rate of involvement of parainfluenza, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus was low and was negligible for bocavirus. Children 0-2 and 3-6 years old formed the group of patients that was affected by acute respiratory infection agents the most. Children younger than 3 months old were the major group of the intensive care unit (ICUs) patients and only 27.5% of them were adults. RSV and rhinovirus were the leading cause of ILI among the children admitted to ICU. Among the adult patients admitted to the ICU, only influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B viruses were detected during both influenza seasons.According to the results of the antigenic and genetic analysis, most influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in St. Petersburg matched the vaccine strains recommended by the WHO for vaccine composition in the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 seasons.In this paper, we analyze the etiology of the diseases occurring during two consecutive influenza epidemic seasons in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. The analysis is based on the results of the PCR diagnostics of the clinical samples collected from patients hospitalized in three St. Petersburg hospitals with influenza like illnesses (ILI). It was shown that the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant causative agent during the 2012-2013 epidemic season while, in the 2013-2014 season, A(H3N2) virus was predominant among adults and children. The influenza B virus activity was high in the 2012-2013 season and low in the 2013-2014 season. During both seasons, the main causative agent for the hospitalization of young children was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), followed by rhinovirus and influenza virus. The rate of involvement of parainfluenza, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus was low and was negligible for bocavirus. Children 0-2 and 3-6 years old formed the group of patients that was affected by acute respiratory infection agents the most. Children younger than 3 months old were the major group of the intensive care unit (ICUs) patients and only 27.5% of them were adults. RSV and rhinovirus were the leading cause of ILI among the children admitted to ICU. Among the adult patients admitted to the ICU, only influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B viruses were detected during both influenza seasons. According to the results of the antigenic and genetic analysis, most influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in St. Petersburg matched the vaccine strains recommended by the WHO for vaccine composition in the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 seasons

Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the blood content of INFγ-producing T-helpers 17 (Th17/1) in males with premature coronary artery disease

Aim. To analyze the relationship of blood lipid profile parameters, including the level of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and the content of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes with premature coronary artery disease (CAD).Material and methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 76 men aged 40 to 79 years. Patients were divided into following groups: main group — patients with CAD (58 [54;64] years, n=56) onset before the age of 55; control group — patients (62 [57;66] years, n=20) without CAD and obstructive CAD and peripheral arterial disease. Statins were taken by 51 (91%) and 9 (45%) patients in the main and control groups, respectively. In serum and plasma samples, lipid spectrum parameters and Lp(a) concentration were determined. Cellular phenotyping was performed by direct immunofluorescence in a culture of mononuclear leukocytes isolated from blood. To determine cytokines, cells were in vitro activated with inhibitor of intracellular transport of secretory proteins. Cell fluorescence was determined using flow cytometry.Results. Patients of both groups were comparable in age, body mass index, prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Blood Lp(a) concentrations were higher in the CAD group than in the control group (49 [10;102] mg/dL vs 12 [4,3;32] mg/ dL, p<0,05). The content of INFγ-producing T-helpers 17 (Th17/1) was also higher in the CAD group (19 [15;24] vs 13 [11;22], % of Th17, p=0,05). Logistic regression revealed that elevated Lp(a) levels (≥30 mg/dL) and relative amounts of Th17/1 (>14% of Th17) independently of each other, atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol levels, classical risk factors, and statin use were associated with premature CAD in the general group of patients with odds ratio (OR) of 4,6 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1,1-20,2) and 10,9 (2,1-56,7), p<0,05, respectively. The combination of Lp(a) >30 mg/dl and Th17/1 over 14% significantly increased the risk of premature CAD (OR, 28,0, 95% CI, 4,31-181,75, p=0,0005).Conclusion. We have shown for the first time that an increased Lp(a) concentration with an increased Th17/1 content is associated with the premature CAD in men