In vitro and In vivo Evaluationof Different Gingival Retraction Cords

Modern impression techniques used in restorative dentistry require displacementof gingival tissue to expose the subgingival finish lines on the tooth preparation. Many different medications are used on gingival retraction cords in order to minimize hemorrhage from the gingival sulcus during impression making. A common method of accomplishing gingival displacement is by packing cord into the gingival crevice. This is especially critical when using hydrophobic impression materials such as polyvinyl siloxanes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether any of the commonly used gingival retraction medications could inhibit the polymerization of polyvinyl siloxane impression materials when they are in direct contact with the setting material and to evaluate the clinical performance of retraction cords. Many gingival retraction cords in various shapes, sizes and medications are available on the market. The literature is replete with reports on the effects of medicated and non-medicated cords on impression and gingival tissue. In this study, the number of the criteria of evaluation was increased and both in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted together by three prosthodontists

CASTRO: A New Compressible Astrophysical Solver. II. Gray Radiation Hydrodynamics

We describe the development of a flux-limited gray radiation solver for the compressible astrophysics code, CASTRO. CASTRO uses an Eulerian grid with block-structured adaptive mesh refinement based on a nested hierarchy of logically-rectangular variable-sized grids with simultaneous refinement in both space and time. The gray radiation solver is based on a mixed-frame formulation of radiation hydrodynamics. In our approach, the system is split into two parts, one part that couples the radiation and fluid in a hyperbolic subsystem, and another parabolic part that evolves radiation diffusion and source-sink terms. The hyperbolic subsystem is solved explicitly with a high-order Godunov scheme, whereas the parabolic part is solved implicitly with a first-order backward Euler method.Comment: accepted for publication in ApJS, high-resolution version available at https://ccse.lbl.gov/Publications/wqzhang/castro2.pd

Intraoral Repair of Metal Ceramic Restorations Following Preparation of the Endodontic Access Cavity (Case Reports)

The Manufacture of dental crowns and bridgework of porcelain fused to metal, a technique that results in highly functional and esthetic restorations, has been widely used for about 45 years. Bonded porcelain is exceptionally strong. However, the reasons for porcelain fracture may be multifactorial, and include where the bridge or crown substructure has been weakened by excessive occlusal adjustment or by the introduction of an endodontic access cavitiy. An esthetic and functional repair, wherever possible, has many advantages over time-consuming and expensive remakes of crowns and/or bridges. This report is a presentation of a simple method for both the dentist and the patient to repair a tooth with root canal treatment. In cases where the fracture is due to an endodontic access cavity, intraoral repair was performed using various porcelain repairing kits. The patients were recalled for follow up on a 3-month basis after treatment. This technique can be considered as a treatment of choice regarding the successful results

What utility scores do mental health service users, healthcare professionals and members of the general public attribute to different health states? A co-produced mixed methods online survey

Utility scores are integral to health economics decision-making. Typically, utility scores have not been scored or developed with mental health service users. The aims of this study were to i) collaborate with service users to develop descriptions of five mental health states (psychosis, depression, eating disorder, medication side effects and self-harm); ii) explore feasibility and acceptability of using scenario-based health states in an e-survey; iii) evaluate which utility measures (standard gamble (SG), time trade off (TTO) and rating scale (RS)) are preferred; and iv) determine how different participant groups discriminate between the health scenarios and rank them

How best to engage users of forensic services in research: literature review and recommendations

Guidance on service user involvement is available to help researchers working with people with mental health problems, but there is currently no comprehensive guidance relating to forensic settings where additional issues arise. This rapid review aims to summarise the currently available information on how best to engage users of forensic mental health services in the research process, and to make appropriate recommendations. Medline and five other databases were searched to May 2016 using relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings, supplemented by a general Internet search. Eleven peer-reviewed journal papers and 12 reports or web-based documents were identified, the majority containing information derived using a qualitative methodology. Five areas of particular relevance to forensic settings were identified: power relations & vulnerability issues (including ethical treatment; informed consent; attitudes of staff and other service users; support), practical difficulties (including ‘consultation fatigue’; tokenistic inclusion; tensions over security and risk management; access; payment; co-authoring); confidentiality and transparency; language and communication and training issues. Recommendations on engaging service users in forensic mental health research are presented

Connected Green function approach to ground state symmetry breaking in Φ1+14\Phi^4_{1+1}-theory

Using the cluster expansions for n-point Green functions we derive a closed set of dynamical equations of motion for connected equal-time Green functions by neglecting all connected functions higher than $4^{th}$ order for the $\lambda \Phi^4$-theory in $1+1$ dimensions. We apply the equations to the investigation of spontaneous ground state symmetry breaking, i.e. to the evaluation of the effective potential at temperature $T=0$. Within our momentum space discretization we obtain a second order phase transition (in agreement with the Simon-Griffith theorem) and a critical coupling of $\lambda_{crit}/4m^2=2.446$ as compared to a first order phase transition and $\lambda_{crit}/4m^2=2.568$ from the Gaussian effective potential approach.Comment: 25 Revtex pages, 5 figures available via fpt from the directory ugi-94-11 of [email protected] as one postscript file (there was a bug in our calculations, all numerical results and figures have changed significantly), ugi-94-1

The OARSI standardised definition of osteoarthritis: A lay version

Purpose: A standard definition has been produced by OARSI to achieve consensus for defining and classifying for osteoarthritis (OA). The aim is to “facilitate communication about the disease among industry and non-industry researchers, regulatory agencies, funding agencies, third party payers, and patients”.A Research Users Group (RUG) of lay members was asked for views on the OARSI definition and to propose a lay version of the definition if it was needed.Methods: A meeting of the Research User Group (RUG) was convened. All 13 RUG members (8 female, 5 male) were aged 45 years and over and had a musculoskeletal condition with nine having a diagnosis of OA. RUG members reviewed the definition, either individually or in pairs, and were asked write down the meaning of the definition in their own words. RUG members then shared their own lay definitions. Following the meeting, researchers and RUG members worked in partnership to co-produce a single lay definition of OA.Results: Initial reactions to OARSI definition were mostly negative. While there was agreement that the definition seemed to be aimed at “medics and biomedical researchers”, it was not understandable to the general public (“it’s too detailed for a lay audience”; “to a lay person you need a dictionary to read it”). The group felt that the definition was aimed at “top biology scientists and medics” and questioned the usefulness of it to a lay audience. The RUG agreed that a simple lay version of the definition would be useful that included additional concepts important to patients, such as symptoms and impact.The RUG’s suggestions for an alternative version fell into two themes: 1) a literal translation into lay language, and 2) a simplified lay version. There was general consensus that a literal translation would offer greater consistency with the OARSI version and allow inclusion of all concepts agreed as important by OARSI. Extracts of the proposed lay definition of OA are shown in Table 1.Conclusions: The current OARSI definition for defining and classifying OA should help conversations between researchers, health care professionals and patients. However the current definition requires translation into lay language, therefore a Research User Group has developed a lay definition of OA which is consistent with the OARSI definition. Whether this lay version could be used for public communication and to improve awareness of OA for all stakeholders needs to be tested

Cluster Transformation Coefficients for Structure and Dynamics Calculations in n-Particle Systems: Atoms, Nuclei, and Quarks

The structure and dynamics of an n-particle system are described with coupled nonlinear Heisenberg's commutator equations where the nonlinear terms are generated by the two-body interaction that excites the reference vacuum via particle-particle and particle-hole excitations. Nonperturbative solutions of the system are obtained with the use of dynamic linearization approximation and cluster transformation coefficients. The dynamic linearization approximation converts the commutator chain into an eigenvalue problem. The cluster coefficients factorize the matrix elements of the (n)-particles or particle-hole systems in terms of the matrix elements of the (n-1)-systems coupled to a particle-particle, particle-hole, and hole-hole boson. Group properties of the particle-particle, particle-hole, and hole-hole permutation groups simplify the calculation of these coefficients. The particle-particle vacuum-excitations generate superconductive diagrams in the dynamics of 3-quarks systems. Applications of the model to fermionic and bosonic systems are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, Wigner Proceedings for Conference Wigner Centenial Pecs, July 8-12, 200