37 research outputs found
μ¬λμ§λ°©μ‘°μ§μ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ ν fibroblast growth factor 21 resistanceμ κΈ°μ μ κ΄ν μ°κ΅¬
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Όλ¬Έ(λ°μ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μκ³Όλν μνκ³Ό,2020. 2. μ΅μ±ν¬.Ectopic fat accumulation is a typical feature in metabolic deterioration conditions such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulatory protein produced primarily by the liver and acts mainly through the adipose tissue; it regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. However, plasma FGF21 concentrations are paradoxically increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, suggesting resistance to the action of this ligand.
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between FGF21 concentrations and various types of ectopic fat accumulation in patients with insulin resistance. Furthermore, this study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying FGF21 resistance in T2DM patients by investigating FGF21 receptor expression and post-receptor signaling in different fat deposits.
Three independent cohorts were investigated. Cohort 1 consisted of 190 patients referred from a health promotion center. Based on a review of their medical history, demographics, clinical profiles, and concomitant medication, the patients were identified and analyzed for normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and T2DM. Sixty-four-slice multi-detector computed tomography was used to quantify fat amount from various sites (subcutaneous, visceral, epicardial, intrahepatic, and intramuscular fat) and plasma FGF21 concentrations were measured. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (Cohort 2) and patients undergoing general abdominal surgery (Cohort 3). FGF21 receptor expression and post-receptor signaling in different fat deposits of both non-diabetic and T2DM patients were analyzed.
Plasma FGF21 concentrations were significantly associated with body mass index, triglyceride concentrations, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and the Matsuda index. Plasma FGF21 concentrations were significantly higher in T2DM patients than in the prediabetic and NGT groups. Similarly, the amount of ectopic fat (visceral, epicardial, intrahepatic, and intramuscular fat) in patients with T2DM was significantly higher than that in the NGT group, and plasma FGF21 concentrations were strongly correlated with ectopic fat accumulation in T2DM patients. Protein expression of the FGF receptor dimer (FGFR1 and Ξ²-klotho) and post-receptor signaling pathway-related protein (p-P38) was lower in visceral fat than in subcutaneous fat in patients of T2DM.
In conclusion, plasma FGF21 concentrations are higher in patients with T2DM. Plasma FGF21 is positively correlated with ectopic fat accumulation in this disease. FGF21 receptor and post-receptor signaling protein expression is attenuated in visceral fat. Thus, human FGF21 resistance in T2DM could result from downregulation of the FGF21 receptor dimer and post-receptor signaling in ectopic fat accumulation. These findings will help understand the mechanism underlying FGF21 resistance and provide clinical insights that may aid the development of FGF21-based therapeutics in diabetes.μ΄μμ± μ§λ°© μΆμ μ λΉλ¨λ³, λμ¬ μ¦νκ΅°, μ¬νκ΄ μ§νκ³Ό κ°μ λμ¬ μ
νμ μ νμ μΈ νΉμ§μ΄λ€. μ¬μ μμΈν¬ μ±μ₯ μΈμ 21 (Fibroblast growth factor 21, FGF21)μ κ°μμ μ£Όλ‘ λΆλΉλμ΄ μ§λ°© μ‘°μ§μ μμ©νλ μλ‘μ΄ λμ¬ μ‘°μ λ¬Όμ§λ‘, λΉλμ¬ λ° μ§μ§λμ¬μ μ 리ν ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°λλ€κ³ μλ €μ Έ μλ€. κ·Έλ¬λ, νμ₯ FGF21λλλ μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³ λ° λΉλ§μμ μμ€μ μΌλ‘ μ¦κ°νμ¬, μ΄ λ¬Όμ§μ λν μ νμ±μ΄ μ‘΄μ¬ν¨μ μμ¬νλ€.
μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ μΈμλ¦° μ νμ±μ΄ μλ μ¬λμμ FGF21 λλμ λ€μν μ νμ μ΄μμ± μ§λ°© μΆμ κ°μ μκ΄κ΄κ³λ₯Ό μ‘°μ¬νκ³ μ νμλ€. λν, μ΄ μ°κ΅¬μμλ μ΄μμ± μ§λ°©μ FGF21 μμ©μ²΄ λ°ν λ° μμ©μ²΄ ν μ νΈ μ λ¬μ μ‘°μ¬νμ¬ μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³ νμμμ λνλλ FGF21 μ νμ±μ κΈ°μ μ νμΈνκ³ μ νμλ€.
3 κ°μ λ
립μ μΈ μ½νΈνΈκ° μ‘°μ¬λμλ€. μ½νΈνΈ 1μ 건κ°κ²μ§μΌν°μμ μλ’°λ 190λͺ
μ νΌνμλ‘ κ΅¬μ±λμλ€. μ무기λ‘μ ν΅ν΄ μ 체κ³μΈ‘, μμμ§ν λ° λ³μ© μ½λ¬Όμ μλ³νκ³ , μ μ νλΉκ΅°, λΉλ¨λ³ μ λ¨κ³κ΅° λ° μ 2νλΉλ¨λ³κ΅°μΌλ‘ λλμ΄ λΆμνμλ€. 64- μ¬λΌμ΄μ€ λ€μ€ κ²μΆκΈ° μ»΄ν¨ν° λ¨μΈ΅ 촬μμ μ΄μ©νμ¬ λ€μν λΆμμ μ§λ°©λ (νΌν, λ΄μ₯, μ¬μ₯ μΈλ§, κ° λ΄ λ° κ·Όμ‘ λ΄)μ μΈ‘μ νμλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νμ₯ FGF21 λλλ₯Ό μΈ‘μ νμλ€. κ΄μ λλ§₯ μ°ν μμ (μ½νΈνΈ 2) λ° μΌλ°μ μΈ λ³΅λΆ μμ (μ½νΈνΈ 3)μ μνν νΌνμλ‘λΆν° λ΄μ₯ λ° νΌν μ§λ°© μ‘°μ§μ μ»μλ€. μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³κ΅° λ° λΉλΉλ¨λ³ λμ‘°κ΅°μΌλ‘ λλμ΄ κ° μ§λ°© μ‘°μ§μμμ FGF21 μμ©μ²΄ λ°ν λ° μμ©μ²΄ ν μ νΈ μ λ¬μ λΆμνμλ€.
νμ₯ FGF21 λλλ 체μ§λμ§μ, μ€μ±μ§λ°©, HOMA-IR λ° Matsuda μ§μμ μ μν κ΄λ ¨μ±μ 보μλ€. νμ₯ FGF21 λλλ λΉλ¨λ³ μ λ¨κ³ λ° μ μ νλΉκ΅°μ λΉν΄ μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³κ΅°μμ μ μνκ² λ λμλ€. μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³μ μ΄μμ± μ§λ°© μΆμ (λ΄μ₯, μ¬μ₯ μΈλ§, κ° λ΄ λ° κ·Όμ‘ λ΄)μ μ μ νλΉκ΅°λ³΄λ€ μ μνκ² λ λμλ€. μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³κ΅°μμ νμ₯ FGF21 λλλ μ΄μμ± μ§λ°© μΆμ κ³Ό κ°ν μμ μκ΄ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό 보μλ€. FGF μμ©μ²΄ μ΄λ체 (FGFR1μ Ξ²-klotho) λ° μμ©μ²΄-ν μ νΈ μ λ¬ κ²½λ‘ κ΄λ ¨ λ¨λ°±μ§ (p-P38)μ λ°νμ λΉλΉλ¨λ³ λμ‘°κ΅°μμλ λ΄μ₯μ§λ°©κ³Ό νΌνμ§λ°© μ‘°μ§ κ°μ μ°¨μ΄κ° μμμ§λ§, μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³κ΅°μμλ νΌν μ§λ°©λ³΄λ€ λ΄μ₯ μ§λ°©μμ μ μν κ°μλ₯Ό 보μλ€.
κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘, νμ₯ FGF21 λλλ μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³ νμμμ λ λλ€. λν, νμ₯ FGF21μ μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³μμ μ΄μμ± μ§λ°© μΆμ κ³Ό μμ μκ΄κ΄κ³λ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ μμΌλ©°, λ΄μ₯ μ§λ°©μμ FGF21 μ νΈμ λ¬κ³Όμ μ μ½νλλ€. λ°λΌμ, μ 2ν λΉλ¨λ³μμ FGF21 μ νμ±μ μ΄μμ± μ§λ°©μμμ FGF21 μμ©μ²΄ μ΄λ체 λ° μμ©μ²΄ ν μ νΈμ λ¬μ νν₯μ‘°μ μ μν κ²°κ³ΌμΌ μ μλ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ FGF21 μ νμ±μ μΌμΌν€λ κΈ°μ μ μ΄ν΄νκ³ FGF21μ μ΄μ©ν μΉλ£μ κ°λ°μ μλ‘μ΄ μκ°μ μ μνμλ€.1. Introduction 1
2. Subjects and methods 6
3. Results 16
4. Discussion 35
5. Reference 44
6. Abstract (Korean) 51Docto
(A)Study on language of teaching : metalanguage in heterogenous beginner-level Korean classroom
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :κ΅μ΄κ΅μ‘κ³Ό νκ΅μ΄κ΅μ‘μ 곡,2005.Maste
Measurement based traffic generator for network game
Thesis (master`s)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ κΈ°Β·μ»΄ν¨ν°κ³΅νλΆ,2003.Maste
νκ΅μ΄ νμ΅μλ₯Ό μν νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ‘ μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : κ΅μ΄κ΅μ‘κ³Ό(νκ΅μ΄κ΅μ‘μ 곡), 2014. 2. λ―Όλ³κ³€.μ΄ μ°κ΅¬λ μ μ΄μΈμ΄λ‘μ νκ΅μ΄λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ νλΆ κ³Όμ νκ΅μ΄ νμ΅μλ₯Ό μν΄ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ₯λ₯΄μ λ³Έμ§μ λ°μνμ¬ κ΅μ‘ λ΄μ©κ³Ό λ°©λ²μ ꡬμνλ λ° λͺ©μ μ λλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό μν΄ λ¨Όμ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ₯λ₯΄μ λ³Έμ§μ κ·λͺ
ν νμκ° μμλ€. μ΄λ€μ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νλ λλ£ νμ΅μλ€μ μλλ‘ κ³΅μμ λ§νκΈ°λ₯Ό μννλ λ¨μν κ΅¬μ΄ νμκ° μλλΌ νλ¬Έ 곡λ체μ μΌμμΈ λ°νμκ° μ²μ€μ λμμΌλ‘ μ§μκ³Ό μ 보λ₯Ό μ λ¬ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ κ°μΈμ μΈ‘λ©΄μμλ κ°μΈμ μ±μ₯κ³Ό λΉνμ μ¬κ³ λ ₯ ν¨μ, λ΄ν 곡λ체 μ°¨μμμλ μ§μμ ꡬμ±νκ³ μ°½μ‘°νλ μΈμ΄ νμλΌλ μμλ₯Ό κ°λλ€. μ΄λ¬ν νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νμ μμμ νΉμμ±μλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ μ΄μ λν κ΅μ‘μ μνν λ€λ£¨μ΄μ Έ μλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ μ΄μΈμ΄λ‘μμ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ νκ΅μ΄, νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νμ μ§μ μ°½μΆμ μν κΆκ·Ήμ μΈ λͺ©μ , λ°νκ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λ κ΅μ-νμ΅μ λ§₯λ½, κ΅μμμ λλ£ νμ΅μλ‘ κ΅¬μ±λ μ²μ€μ νλ¬Έ λ΄ν 곡λ체μ μ±κ²© λ±μ κ΅μ‘μ μμ©νκΈ° μν΄μλ μ₯λ₯΄μ μ κ·Όμ νμμ±κ³Ό νλΉμ±μ νμΈνμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό λ°νμΌλ‘ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ₯λ₯΄μ κ°λ
κ³Ό μμ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νμν λ₯λ ₯μ μ 립νμλ€.
λ€μμΌλ‘ νλΆ κ³Όμ νκ΅μ΄ νμ΅μλ€μ΄ μνν λ°ν λ΄μ©κ³Ό ννμ μμμ λΆμνμλ€. λ°ν μμκ³Ό λ°°κ²½ μμΈμ κ΄λ ¨μ±μ μ€λͺ
νκΈ° μνμ¬ μ μλ―Έν μ¬λ‘λ€μ μ μ ν ν, μ΄λ€μ μ€μ μ μΌλ‘ λΆμνμλ€. μ¬λ‘λ μμ€μ λ°λΌ κΈ°μ΄, 보ν΅, μ°μ μμ€μΌλ‘ λλκ³ , λ³΄ν΅ μμ€μ λ΄μ©μ§ν₯ν, ννμ§ν₯ν, λ΄μ©Β·ννκ· λ±νμΌλ‘ μ νννμ¬ μ μ νμλ€. λΆμ νμ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νμ λ΄μ©μ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄κ³Ό ννμ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄μ μ’
ν©μ μΌλ‘ κ³ μ°°νκΈ° μνμ¬ λ°νλ¨μ, λ¨μνμ , λ΄νλ₯Ό λΆμ λ¨μλ‘ νμ¬ λ΄ν μΈ΅μ, μ΄ν λ° λ¬Έλ² μΈ΅μ, μμ΄ λ° μμ± μΈ΅μμ λνλ μμμ λΆμνμλ€. λ΄ν μΈ΅μμμλ ν΅μΌμ±μ, μ΄ν λ° λ¬Έλ² μΈ΅μμμλ μ νμ±, λ€μμ±, μ μ μ±μ, μμ΄ λ° μμ± μΈ΅μμμλ μ νμ±κ³Ό μ μ°½μ±μ κΈ°μ€μΌλ‘ 보μλ€.
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄λ¬ν λ°ν μμμ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉ λ°°κ²½ μμΈμ λ°ν λ
Ήν λ° λ
Ήμ·¨ μλ£, λ°ν 보쑰 μλ£, λ³΄κ³ μ, μ΄λ€μ΄ νμ΅ν νκ΅μ΄ κ΅μ¬, μ¬μΈ΅ λ©΄λ΄μ ν΅ν΄ λΆμνμλ€. λΆμ κ²°κ³Ό, νμ΅μ λͺ¨μ΄μ ꡬ쑰, μ΄ν, λ¬Έλ², μμ΄, λ°μ λ±μΌλ‘λΆν° μΌκΈ°λ μΈμ΄μ μμΈ, μ£Όμ μ μ , λͺ©ν μ€μ , μ²μ€ λΆμ, μλ£ μμ§, λ΄μ© μ‘°μ§, 보쑰 μλ£ μμ± λ± λ°νλ₯Ό μ€λΉνλ κ³Όμ μμ λλ¬λλ μΈμ§μ μμΈ, μμ κ°λ
, νμ΅ λκΈ°, λ°ν λΆμ λ± νμ΅μκ° λ΄μ μΌλ‘ μ§λ μ μμ μμΈ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νκ΅μ΄ κ΅μ¬, κ΅μ¬, μκ΅μ΄ κ΅μ‘ λ° μΈκ΅μ΄ κ΅μ‘μμμ λ°νμ λ°ν κ΅μ‘μ κ²½νμΌλ‘λΆν° κΈ°μΈνλ μ¬νΒ·λ¬Ένμ μμΈμ΄ νλΆ κ³Όμ νκ΅μ΄ νμ΅μμ λ°νμ μν₯μ λ―ΈμΉ κ²μΌλ‘ λνλ¬λ€.
μκΈ°μ νλΆ κ³Όμ νκ΅μ΄ νμ΅μ λ°ν μμ λ° λ°°κ²½ μμΈ λΆμ κ²°κ³Όμ κ·Όκ±°νμ¬ κ΅μ‘μ λͺ©ν, λ΄μ©, λ°©λ²μ μ€κ³νμλ€. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ₯λ₯΄μ λ³Έμ§μ μ΄ν΄νκ³ κ΅¬μ‘°μ λ΄μ©μ μμ±νλ©° μ μ νκ³ λ€μν ννμ μ¬μ©νκ³ λͺ
λ£νκ³ μ μ°½νκ² μ λ¬νλ κ²μ κ΅μ‘ λͺ©νλ‘ νκ³ , μ΄λ‘λΆν° κ΅μ‘ λ΄μ© μμμ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ³Έμ§μ μ΄ν΄, λ΄μ© μμ±, λ΄μ© μ‘°μ§, νν, νλλ‘ μ€μ νκ³ κ·Έ λ΄μ© μμλ₯Ό μμΈνν ν, νμ΅μμ κ°λ³μ μΈ μμ€κ³Ό νΉμ±μ λ°μνλλ‘ κ³΅ν΅ κΈ°λ³Έ μμ
κ³Ό κ°λ³ μ§λ λ°©μμ κ³ μνμλ€. κ³΅ν΅ κΈ°λ³Έ μμ
μ μ°Έμ¬μ νλ ₯ μ리μ κΈ°λ°ν μλΉ λ°νβλͺ¨λ² μ¬λ‘ λ°ν κ²½νβμ¬λ°νβν μμ λ¨κ³λ‘ μ§ννλλ° νμ΅μλ€μ΄ μμ μ λ°νλ₯Ό λλ£ νμ΅μμ λ°ν, λͺ¨λ² μ¬λ‘μ κ²¬μ£Όμ΄ λ΄μΌλ‘μ¨ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ₯λ₯΄μ μμ±μ μμ°μ€λ½κ² μ΄ν΄νλλ‘ κ΅¬μ±νμλ€. μ΄μΈμ μ μλ νμ ꡬ쑰 μ§λλ κΈ°μ΄ μμ€ νμ΅μλ₯Ό, μ¬κ³ λκ΅¬μ΄ μ§λλ λ³΄ν΅ μμ€ νμ΅μλ₯Ό, μ μ°½μ± νλ ¨μ λ³΄ν΅ μμ€μ νν μ§ν₯ν νμ΅μλ₯Ό λμμΌλ‘ μ€κ³νμλ€.μ°¨ λ‘
I. μλ‘ 1
1. μ°κ΅¬μ νμμ± λ° λͺ©μ 1
2. μ°κ΅¬μ¬ 5
3. μ°κ΅¬ λ°©λ² λ° λμ 11
II. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ‘μ λ°°κ²½ 15
1. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ‘μ μν μ μ 15
1) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ νκ΅μ΄μ μ μ΄μΈμ΄μ μ±κ²© 15
2) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΄λ ¨ μ΄λ‘ κ³ μ°° 18
3) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νμ λν μ₯λ₯΄μ μ κ·Ό 24
2. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ₯λ₯΄μ λ³Έμ§ 29
1) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ₯λ₯΄μ κ°λ
29
2) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ₯λ₯΄μ μμ 31
3) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν λ₯λ ₯μ κ΅¬μ± 34
III. νκ΅μ΄ νμ΅μμ νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μμ λΆμ 46
1. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν μ¬λ‘ λΆμ λ°©λ² 46
1) μ¬λ‘ μ μ μ μ°¨ 46
2) λΆμ ν 60
2. λ΄ν μΈ΅μμ μμ 67
1) νμ ꡬ쑰 67
2) μ£Όμ μ κ° λ°©μ 72
3) λ¨μνμ κ° μλ―Έ ꡬ쑰 75
4) λ¨μνμ λ΄ λ΄μ© κ΅¬μ± 81
3. μ΄ν λ° λ¬Έλ² μΈ΅μμ μμ 87
1) κΈ°μ΄ μ΄νμ μ¬μ© 87
2) μ¬κ³ λꡬμ΄μ μ¬μ© 90
3) λ¬Έλ²μ μ€λ₯ 95
4. μμ΄ λ° μμ± μΈ΅μμ μμ 102
1) λΆμ μ 102
2) λ°ν μλ 104
3) ν΄μ§ 107
4) λ§λλ¬ 111
IV. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νμ λ°°κ²½ μμΈ λΆμ 120
1. μΈμ΄μ μμΈ 121
1) μΈμ΄ ꡬ쑰 121
2) μ΄ν λ° λ¬Έλ² 122
3) μμ΄ λ° μμ± 124
2. μΈμ§μ μμΈ 126
1) μ£Όμ μ μ 128
2) λͺ©ν μ€μ 131
3) μ²μ€ λΆμ 136
4) μλ£ μμ§ 141
5) λ΄μ© μ‘°μ§ 144
6) 보쑰 μλ£ 147
3. μ μμ μμΈ 153
1) μμ κ°λ
153
2) νμ΅ λκΈ° 155
3) λ°ν λΆμ 158
4. μ¬νΒ·λ¬Ένμ μμΈ 164
1) νκ΅μ΄ κ΅μ¬ 164
2) νκ΅μ΄ κ΅Β·κ°μ¬ 172
3) μκ΅μ΄ κ΅μ‘ 176
4) μΈκ΅μ΄ κ΅μ‘ 180
V. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ‘μ μ€κ³ 183
1. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ‘μ λͺ©ν 183
2. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ‘μ λ΄μ© 187
1) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ‘ λ΄μ©μ ꡬ쑰 187
2) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ‘ λ΄μ©μ μμΈν 190
3. νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°ν κ΅μ-νμ΅ λ°©μ 208
1) κ³΅ν΅ κΈ°λ³Έ μμ
210
2) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νμ νμ ꡬ쑰 μ§λ 218
3) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νλ₯Ό μν μ¬κ³ λκ΅¬μ΄ μ§λ 222
4) νλ¬Έ λͺ©μ λ°νλ₯Ό μν μ μ°½μ± νλ ¨ 224
VI. κ²°λ‘ 229
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 235
κ΅λ΄ λ
Όμ 235
κ΅μΈ λ
Όμ 246
Abstract 254Docto
Analysis of Ectopic Fat Accumulation according to the Different Glucose Metabolism and Its Correlation with Plasma Fibroblast Growth Factor-21 in Human
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μνκ³Ό, 2012. 2. μ΅μ±ν¬.Ectopic fat accumulation is known to be correlated with many metabolic disorders like insulin resistance, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. It has been studied that ectopic fat accumulation is associated with adiponectin and resistin. We wanted to investigate the association between ectopic fat and new metabolic regulators such as fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) and adipose triglycerol lipase (ATGL). Furthermore, we wanted to analyze whether these regulators are associated with glucose metabolism and/or coronary artery disease.
Subjects who underwent multi-detector CT were enrolled in this study from Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. Pericardial fat volume, visceral fat area, intramyocellular fat (low density muscle area), and hepatic fat (liver-spleen Hounsfield units (HU) difference) were measured by a dedicated software program (Rapidia 2.8, Infinitt). Coronary artery stenosis and the plaque characteristics were measured. Plasma FGF-21, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and ATGL were measured from fasting plasma sample by ELISA.
A total of 190 subjects were enrolled in the study. Plasma FGF-21 was significantly increased with pericardial fat volume in total subjects (r=0.190, p= 0.018). In subgroup analysis with T2DM, plasma FGF-21 showed a significant correlation with all ectopic fat; pericardial fat, r=0.336, p=0.004; visceral fat, r=0.240, p=0.046; low density muscle area/normal density muscle area, r=0.282, p=0.017; liver-spleen HU difference, r=-0.308, p=0.028. Plasma HMW adiponectin level was positively correlated to subcutaneous fat (p<0.05) but was not correlated with ectopic fat accumulation.
There were 48 (25%) normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 53 (28%) prediabetes, and 89 (47%) type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Ectopic fat accumulation was higher in T2DM and prediabetes than NGT (pericardial, visceral, intramyocellular fat; p<0.05, hepatic fat; p=0.059). All ectopic fat were significantly associated with HOMA-IR (p<0.001). Pericardial fat and visceral fat were significantly associated with insulin resistance independently of age and BMI (p<0.05).
Coronary artery disease was associated with plasma HMW adiponectin after adjusting for age, BMI and diabetes, but there were no associations with other plasma markers. T2DM had significantly higher plasma levels of FGF-21 and lower levels of HMW adiponectin than NGT (p<0.05). Plasma levels of ATGL were not significantly different (p=0.185). Pericardial fat and intramyocellular fat were significantly associated with coronary artery stenosis and calcium score (p<0.05).
In conclusion, plasma FGF-21 level correlated positively with ectopic fat as well as glucose level. These results indicate that FGF-21 could be a useful biomarker predicting ectopic fat accumulations.Maste