106 research outputs found

    Development of novel cell-internalizing peptides using in vivo intermolecular conjugation as an avenue for enhancing the effect of anti-angiogenic therapy on tumors

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    학위녌묞(박사)--서욞대학교 대학원 :융합곌학Ʞ술대학원 융합곌학부,2019. 8. 김상은.Targeted cancer therapy (TCT) is distinct from other medical modalities, such as traditional chemotherapy, surgery, and external radiation therapy, as it targets cancer cells expressing specific biomarkers. Recently, there have been several approaches for TCT such as targeted chemotherapy, radionuclide therapy, and photodynamic therapy which are preferring to minimize normal cell damage against tumor cells. As an ideal agent for TCT, small molecule, peptide or protein has to contain high binding property to tumor-specific biomarker, low non-selective distribution in normal organs, and long uptake in tumor cells including cell-internalization. In this study, we designed an in vivo intermolecular click reaction, which is named as 'Duet Bioorthogonal Clasp (DBC)', between different peptides that had situated in same tumor-specific receptors, after the respective injecting in tumor animal model. This strategy means that the strong and tight receptor cluster via in vivo click reaction induces endocytosis of the mixture of receptors and peptides into tumor cells and then results significant improvement of the tumor uptake of peptide as well as therapeutic effect. Therefore, integrin αvβ3 receptor and cyclic RGD analog peptide are selected as a tumor-specific biomarker related with angiogenesis and a molecule with high binding affinity to integrins, respectively. In addition, the RGD analog peptide was prepared to measure its biodistribution as well as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging study through the corresponding of a radioisotope (123I or 125I). The result showed that the two different RGD peptides bound to the integrin αvβ3 receptors were significantly moved to into tumor cells, by using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) microscopy. In the SPECT imaging experiment using the radioiodine-labeled RGD peptide, DBC maintained 81% of tumor uptake 2 h post-injection compared to its initial uptake (vs. control tumor uptake was remained 39% at the same time point). After 24 h postinjection, 60% of tumor uptake still observed. In conclusion, DBC is demonstrated that it can generate the strong cluster between integrin receptors near cancer cells which induce cancer cell internalization. These results suggest that this methode can pave the way to various successful application of a therapeutic molecules or radioisotope capable of cell-internalization for TCTs.종양 표적 치료는 Ʞ졎의 항암제, 수술적 ì ‘ê·Œ 또는 왞부 방사선조사륌 읎용한 방법곌는 달늬 종양의 특읎적 활성에 ꎀ여하는 바읎였마컀만을 표적윌로 하는 치료 방법읎닀. 현재까지 알렀진 종양 표적 치료 방법윌로는 표적항암제 치료, 방사성동위원소 치료, ꎑ역학 치료 같은 방법읎 있윌며 몚두 종양섞포의 사멞곌 핚께 정상 섞포의 손상을 최소화하는 목적을 지니고 있닀. 읎 치료에 사용되는 앜묌읎나 펩티드 또는 닚백질은 종양 특읎 바읎였마컀에 높은 결합능곌 정상 장Ʞ에는 낮은 분포 귞늬고 종양에 높은 뚞묎늄을 가젞알 하며, 종양섞포 ë‚Žë¡œ 섞포 낎재화(internalization)가 요구된닀. 볞 연구에서는 종양에 발현되는 하나의 특읎적 수용첎륌 표적하는 서로 닀륞 펩티드륌 순찚적윌로 죌입 후, 수용첎에 결합된 펩티드듀 간에 첎낎 분자 간 결합 반응을 유도하는 방법(Duet Bioorthogonal Clasp)을 고안하였닀. 읎 방법은 종양 죌변에 분포하는 수용첎에 자늬 잡은 펩티드 간의 첎낎 분자 간 결합윌로 수용첎듀 사읎에 복합결합첎(cluster)륌 형성시킀고 Ʞ졎의 표적 수용첎와 펩티드 혌합첎가 종양 섞포 낎부로 읎동되는 현상(endocytosis)을 유도하여 죌입한 펩티드의 종양섞포 낮 뚞묎늄을 슝진시쌜 표적 치료 횚곌륌 향상시킀는 목적읎 있닀. 읎륌 위핎 종양 특읎 바읎였마컀로 종양 신생혈ꎀ생성에 연ꎀ되얎있고 종양 귌처 혈ꎀ에 졎재하는 읞테귞늰 αvβ3 수용첎륌 선택하였고 읎에 높은 결합력을 갖는 RGD 펩티드듀을 늬간드로 합성하였닀. 서로 닀륞 두 펩티드의 첎왞 종양 섞포에서 읎동 및 분포륌 확읞하고자 형ꎑ영상읎 가능한 형ꎑ 엌료 (FITC 또는 TRITC)가 도입된 RGD 펩티드륌 합성하였윌며, 첎낎 종양에서 분포륌 확읞하고자 닚음ꎑ전자닚잵쎬영(SPECT) 영상 획득을 위핎 펩티드 잔Ʞ의 타읎로신에 방사성동위원소(123I 또는 125I)륌 표지하였닀. 새로 고안한 방법읞 두 개의 서로 닀륞 RGD 펩티드로 첎낎 분자 간 결합을 유도 하였을 때, 종양 섞포 ë‚Žë¡œ 읎동하는 정도가 현격히 슝가됚을 FRET 형ꎑ 영상분석을 통핎 확읞하였닀. 방사성요였드가 도입된 RGD 펩티드륌 읎용한 첎낎 SPECT/CT 영상에서도 하나의 RGD 펩티드는 2시간 후 종양에 39%가 낚아있는 것에 비핎, 볞 연구의 방법은 81%로 종양 ì„­ì·šê°€ ë‚šì•„ 있음을 확읞하였윌며 24 시간 동안에도 60%의 종양 ì„­ì·šê°€ 유지되고 있음을 확읞하였닀. 볞 연구에서 종양 표적 치료륌 위핎 고안된 방법은 종양 귌처의 수용첎 간 복합결합첎륌 형성을 도와 늬간드의 종양 섞포 낎재화 쎉진을 유도하는 방법임을 확읞하였윌며 향후에 종양의 방사성동위원소치료 및 항암앜묌 전달 방법곌 같은 닀양한 종양표적치료에 읎용읎 확대될 것윌로 Ʞ대한닀.INTRODUCTION 1 1. Targeted Cancer Therapies (TCTs) 1 2. Tumor-induced Angiogenesis 2 3. Integrin-binding Peptides for Tumor Imaging 4 4. In Vivo Intermolecular Conjugation 10 5. Aim of This Study 12 MATERIALS & METHODS 14 1. General Experimental Section 14 2. Synthesis of RGD Peptides 16 3. Fluorescent Dyes Conjugation of RGD Peptides 26 4. Radioiodo-labeling of RGD Peptides 30 5. In Vitro Evaluation of RGD Peptides 32 6. Ex/In vivo evaluation of RGD Peptides 35 RESULTS 37 1. Preparation of RGD Peptides 37 2. Fluorescent Dye Conjugated RGD Peptides 41 3. Radioiodo-labeled RGD Peptides 41 4. In Vitro Experimental Results 44 5. Ex Vivo and In Vivo Experiments 58 DISCUSSION 72 CONCLUSION 74 APPENDIX 75 REFERENCES 78Docto

    Past sea surface temperature of the western part of the East Sea since the last interglacial period

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    읎 녌묞의 목적은 지난 130,000년 동안 동핎의 í•Žì–‘ 환겜의 변화륌 재걎하는 것읎닀. í•Žì–‘ 환겜 변화의 재걎을 위핎 동핎의 서쪜 가장자늬(margin)에서 채췚 한 ì„ž 개의 플슀톀 윔얎 (05PC-14, 05PC-15, 05PC-23)에서 C37 알쌀녌 농도륌 잡정하고, 읎로부터 곌거 동핎에서의 표잵수옚을 계산하였닀. 표잵수옚은 UK'37 = 0.034T + 0.039 (Prahl et al., 1988)을 읎용하여 계산하였닀. 각 윔얎의 연대결정은 읎믞 연대륌 알고 있는 닀륞 플슀톀 윔얎 (05PC-21, MD01-2407)와의 L*(lightness) 값의 비교륌 통핎 읎룚얎졌닀. UK'37윌로 계산된 표잵수옚은 130,000년 동안 크게 변동하는 것을 볌 수 있었닀. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 (71,000 ~ 130,000년 전)는 지난 마지막 간빙Ʞ에 핎당하는 시Ʞ읎닀. MIS 5동안 각 윔얎별로 표잵 수옚의 변화륌 삎펎볎멎, 05PC-14에서는 MIS 5a동안 16.6℃에서 12.8℃로 수옚읎 감소하였닀. 05PC-15에서는 MIS 5e에서 최고값 23.3℃, MIS 5a에서 최소값 13.8℃륌 볎였고, 05PC-23에서는 MIS 5e에서 25.8℃의 최고값, MIS 5a에서 9.6℃의 최소값을 나타냈닀. MIS 4 (57,000-71,000년 전)와 MIS 3 (29,000-57,000년 전)는 빙하Ʞ에 핎당한닀. MIS 4동안에 동핎의 표잵 수옚 변화는, 05PC-14에서는 10.6-12.7℃, 05PC-15에서는 12.4-14.9℃, 05PC-23에서는 9.5-14℃로 몚두 15℃읎하의 낮은 수옚 값을 볎였닀. MIS 3동안 표잵 수옚 변화는, 05PC-14에서는 8.5-15.7℃로 비교적 낮은 수옚 분포륌 볎였닀. 읎에 반핮 05PC-15에서는 15.1-27.4℃, 05PC-23에서는 14.9-25.7℃로 두 윔얎에서는 간빙Ʞ에 핎당하는 MIS 5a 동안의 표잵 수옚볎닀 높은 값을 볎였닀. MIS 2 (15,000-29,000년 전)는 지난 마지막 빙하Ʞ에 핎당한닀. MIS 2 전Ʞ와 쀑Ʞ동안에는 알쌀녌 농도가 낮아서 수옚을 계산 할 수 없었닀. MIS 2 후Ʞ에는 05PC-14에서는 13.8-16℃, 05PC-15에서는 13-25.4℃, 05PC-23에서는 12.5-18.2℃의 수옚분포륌 볎였닀. 읎 시Ʞ 동안의 표잵 수옚은 빙하Ʞ에 핎당핚에도 불구하고 ì„ž 윔아 몚두 간빙Ʞ읞 MIS 5a 동안의 표잵 수옚볎닀 높은 값을 볎였닀. MIS 1 (0-15,000년 전)는 간빙Ʞ에 핎당한닀. MIS 1 동안의 동핮 표잵 수옚의 변화는, 05PC-14에서는 15.1-19.4℃, 05PC-15에서는 15.1-21.6℃, 05PC-23에서는 15.7-17.6℃로 나타났닀. 동핎에서의 표잵 수옚 변화는 아시아 몬순의 변화와 핎수멎 변동에 따륞 쓰시마 핎류 유입의 변화와 밀접한 ꎀ계가 있닀. MIS 5동안에는 MIS 5e에서 MIS 5a로 갈수록 수옚읎 서서히 감소하는 겜향을 볎였닀. MIS 5a와 5b 동안의 표잵 수옚은 현재의 표잵 수옚에 비핎 2~3℃정도 낮았닀. 읎는 MIS 5a와 5b 동안 여늄몬순의 섞Ʞ는 조ꞈ씩 앜화되고 상대적윌로 겚욞 몬순은 강화되멎서 음얎난 Ʞ후변화에 의한 현상음 것윌로 생각된닀. 또한 핎수멎 변화로 읞핎 동핎로의 난류유입읎 앜화되멎서 수옚 감소에 영향을 믞쳀을 것윌로 생각된닀. MIS 4 동안에는 빙하가 강화되멎서 전 섞계 핎수멎읎 60-80m 가량 낮아졌닀고 볎고되얎졌닀. 읎로 읞핎 얕은 핎협을 통핎 동핎로 유입되던 따뜻한 쓰시마 핎류의 흐늄읎 제한되었을 것읎고, 강화된 겚욞 몬순도 읎 시Ʞ의 낮은 수옚에 상당한 영향을 믞쳀을 것읎닀. MIS 3동안에는 MIS 4 동안의 수옚에 비하여 높은 수옚을 볎였닀. MIS 3동안 높은 수옚을 볎읎는 것은 당시 60-80m 가량의 핎수멎 하강윌로 읞하여 쓰시마 난류 유입읎 제한되었고 겚욞 몬순읎 강화되었던 빙하Ʞ 동안의 상황을 고렀핎 볎멎 맀우 읎례적읞 현상읎닀. 읎런 갑작슀런 수옚 상승은 MIS 3 쀑반 묎렵에 나타났윌며, 시Ʞ에서는 알쌀녌 농도의 ꞉격한 슝가도 확읞할 수 있었닀. 읎에 핎당하는 윔아 깊읎에서는 암엜늬잵 (Dark Laminated Mud, DLM)을 확읞 할 수 있었닀. 암엜늬잵은 바닥의 강한 혐Ʞ성 환겜윌로 읞하여 유Ʞ묌 분핎가 제한되멎서 발생한닀 (Demasion and Moore., 1980). 따띌서 MIS 3 쀑Ʞ에 동핮는 강한 혐Ʞ성 환겜윌로 읞하여 암엌늬잵읎 나타났윌며, 읎는 읎 시Ʞ 동안 알쌀녌 농도의 슝가륌 뒷받칚한닀. 귞러나 읎는 MIS 3 동안의 높은 수옚을 섀명하Ʞ에는 부족하닀. MIS 2 동안에도 ì„ž 윔아 몚두에서 15℃읎상의 높은 수옚을 볎였닀. MIS 2에서의 높은 수옚은 읎전의 여러 녌묞에서도 발표된 바가 있닀. 하지만 읎에 대한 명백한 원읞읎 아직 밝혀지지 않았닀. 따띌서 15,000~60,000년 전 사읎의 빙하Ʞ 동안 동핎에서의 읎례적읞 높은 수옚의 원읞에 대핎서 아래에서 더 자섞히 삎펎볞닀. 마지막윌로 MIS 1은 간빙Ʞ에 핎당하며 ì„ž 윔얎 몚두에서 수옚읎 15~18℃로 현재와 유사한 수옚 분포륌 나타냈닀. 읎는 여늄 몬순의 강화와 쓰시마 핎류가 동핎로 재유입읎 되멎서 영향을 받은 것윌로 볎읞닀. 빙하Ʞ 동안 나타난 높은 수옚에 영향을 믞칠 수 있는 요읞듀에 대핎서 생각핎 볎았닀. 첫 번짞로 알쌀녌 생산자의 구성 변화읎닀. 읎 전 연구듀에 따륎멎 G. oceanica로부터 계산된 수옚읎 E. huxleyi의 것볎닀 더 높게 나타나는 것을 확읞 했닀. 따띌서 지난 빙하Ʞ 동안 동핎의 알쌀녌 생산자가 현재와는 닀륎게 G. oceanica가 죌 생산자였닀멎 볞 녌묞에서 계산된 알쌀녌 수옚은 당시 수옚볎닀 더 높게 계산되었을 가능성읎 있닀. 두 번짞 가능성은 엌분의 영향읎닀. 최귌 Rosell-Mel&eacute10.6℃ to 14.1℃ in 05PC-14, 17.4℃ to 27.4℃ in 05PC-15, and 14.9℃ to 25.7℃ in 05PC-23). The alkenone contents also increased at same period (0.3ÎŒg/g to 3.3ÎŒg/g in 05PC-14, 0.1ÎŒg/g to 1.2ÎŒg/g in 05PC-15, and 0.4ÎŒg/g to 5.5ÎŒg/g in 05PC-23). The core depth including abruptly high alkenone temperature in middle MIS 3 was showed Dark Laminate Muds (DLM). DLM was caused by bottom water anoxic condition owing to water-column stratification (Demasion and Moore, 1980). Tada et al. (1999) suggested that during the glacial period of low sea level (-60 ~ -90m), bottom water condition was anoxic. It seems that anoxic bottom water condition influenced abruptly high alkenone contents during the MIS 3, but it is insufficient that why alkenone temperature abruptly increase during the MIS 3. For period of MIS 2, some alkenone temperature were also anomalously high. It has been reported previously for the East Sea, but it's not clear for what to be a major factor responsible for the anomalously warm alkenone temperature. Further studies are necessary. For period of MIS 1, alkenone temperature increased up to the present temperature in the early MIS 1. It seems to be closely related to global sea level changes, which influenced the warm water inflow into the East Sea during the mid MIS 1 (8-10 kyr BP), and change of the East Asian monsoon system. Anomalously high alkenone temperatures occurred repeatedly during glacial period between 15 and 60 kyr BP. These warm alkenone temperature episodes would have had multiple causes. Such warm alkenone temperature events in the glacial period have three possible causes. The first possibility is an effects of haptophyte species on alkenone-SSTs. The second possibility is a salinity effects on alkenone-SSTs. The third possibility is an effect of nutrient concentration and growth rate on alkenone-SSTs. These effects together could have caused anomalously warm alkenone temperatures in the glacial period in the study area of 05PC-14, 05PC-15 and 05PC-23. More investigations are necessary to understand what happened in western margin of the East Sea at the time of 15-60 kyr BP.The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the detailed paleoceanographic history of the East Sea during 130-kyr. Three piston cores 05PC-14, 05PC-15 and 05PC-23 taken from the western margin of the East Sea were examined. In this study, the C37 alkenone content were measured, and past sea surface temperature (SST) was calculated using = 0.034T + 0.039 (Prahl et al., 1988). The age of the sediment cores was determined by the direct correlation of lightness (L*) to well-dated core MD01-2407 in Oki Ridge and 05PC-21 in Korea Plateau, with a comparition of well-known lithostratigraphic and tephrostratigraphic markers. Alkenone-based SST from the core sediments showed that the past SST fluctuated greatly. In core 05PC-14, the temperature decreased from 16.6℃ to 12.8℃ during the period of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5a. Then, the temperature fluctuated between 8.5℃ and 15.7℃ during MISs 3 and 4. Due to the low alkenone contents, UK'37 values could not be calculated during the MIS 2. After that, it continued to fluctuate between 13.8℃ and 19.4℃. In core 05PC-15, the temperature decreased from 23.3℃ to 13.8℃ during MIS 5. Then, the temperature fluctuated between 12.4℃ and 19℃. During the MIS 3, it was anomalously high, which fluctuated between 15.1℃ and 27.4℃. During the MIS 2, alkenone temperature was not calculated due to the low alkenone contents. After that, it fluctuated between 13.8℃ and 25.4℃. In core 05PC-23, the temperature decreased from 25.8℃ to 9.6℃ during MIS 5. Then, the temperature fluctuated between 9.6℃ and 12.3℃ during MIS 4. However, during the MIS 3, the temperature was abnormally warm. It was scattered between 15℃ and 25.8℃. Due to the low alkenone contents, UK'37 values could not be calculated during the MIS 2. After that, it continued to fluctuate between 15.7℃ and 18.2℃. Variation in the SST of the East Sea is considered to be closely related to changes in the east asian monsoon system and global sea level. For period of MIS 5, the alkenone temperatures gradually decreased from MIS 5e to MIS 5a. Especially, during MISs 5a and 5b, alkenone temperature was lower than those of present. It seems that lower SST was influenced by weaker summer monsoon and/or stronger winter monsoon than those of present. Also, sea level fall of 60m (Lambeck et al. 2002) would be restricted influx of warm water. According to Tada et al. (1999), the relative contributions of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) and East China Sea Coastal Water (ECSCW) varied significantly during this time interval. Therefore, most of the alkenone components would be when a strong influx of ECSCW would have supplied enough nutrients to sustain high surface productivity. Temperature of ECSCW is relatively lower than those of TWC. As a result, strong inflow of ECSCW into the East Sea could induce the lower SST of MISs 5a and b than those of MIS 1. For period of MIS 4, the alkenone temperatures were very low. It seems to be closely associated with a global sea level fall of 60-80m during this period, which restricted the inflow of the TWC into the East Sea. Also, the low SSTs were influenced by strong winter monsoon during this period. For period of MIS 3, UK'37-derived temperatures were relatively higher than those of MIS 4. Considering a global sea-level fall of 60-80m (Waelbroeck et al., 2002) and strong winter monsoon (Wang et al., 2005) during the last glaciation, warm alkenone temperature during the MIS 3 would be anomalous. Abruptly increasing SST was at middle MIS 3 (about 50 kyr BP, (1998)의 ꎀ점에 따륎멎, ì„ž 윔아의 빙하Ʞ 동안의 수옚은 적얎도 6℃볎닀는 높았닀는 것을 의믞한닀. ì„ž 윔아에서 알쌀녌윌로부터 계산된 빙하Ʞ 동안의 수옚 값읎 ì•œ 15℃ 읎상 읎였닀는 점을 고렀하멎, 엌분의 변화는 빙하Ʞ 동안의 높은 수옚 값에 대한 직접적읞 슝거가 되지 못한닀. 하지만 읎에 대한 좀 더 확싀한 슝거륌 수반하는 연구가 앞윌로 더 진행되얎알 할 것읎닀. ì„ž 번짞 가능성은 UK'37 값에 대한 영양엌 농도 변화의 영향읎닀. Epstein et al. (1998)의 연구에 따륎멎, 영양엌 농도의 40ÎŒM에서 1ÎŒM 믞만윌로 감소는 UK'37 값을 0.10-0.19 가량 슝가시킀며, 읎는 1.8-4.4℃의 수옚 상승을 의믞한닀. 빙하Ʞ 동안 동핮는 강한 성잵의 발달로 심잵에서 표잵 윌로의 영양엌 읎동읎 제한되얎 표잵에서의 영양엌 농도는 현저히 낮았을 것윌로 생각된닀. 하지만 읎것만윌로는 당시의 영양엌 농도 변화륌 섀명하Ʞ에는 부족하닀. 따띌서 UK'37 값에 대한 영양엌 농도 변화의 영향에 대핮 섀명하Ʞ 위핎서는 빙하Ʞ-간빙Ʞ 동안 동핎에서의 영양엌 농도의 변화에 대한 연구가 우선되얎알 할 것읎닀., (1998)은 C37 알쌀녌의 전첎 양에 대한 C37:4의 상대적읞 양 (37:4%)읎 5볎닀 큰 지역은 6℃ 읎하의 수옚을 나타낞닀고 추정하였닀. 볞 녌묞에서 사용한 ì„ž 윔아 (05PC-14, 05PC-14, 05PC-23)에서는 빙하Ʞ 동안 37:4%의 값은 5에는 전혀 믞치지 못했닀. Rosell-Mel&eacute1. Introduction 8 2. Background of using alkenone as a proxy of sea surface temperature 11 3. Modern hydrography 14 4. Material and Method 18 4-1. Alkenone analysis 20 4-2. Age control 23 5. Results 27 5-1. Calibration equation 27 5-2. 05PC-14 27 (1) Alkenone content 27 (2) Alkenone temperature 28 5-3. 05PC-15 32 (1) Alkenone content 32 (2) Alkenone temperature 33 5-4. 05PC-23 36 (1) Alkenone content 36 (2) Alkenone temperature 37 6. Discussion 40 6-1. Analytical error of GC 40 6-2. Variations in sea surface temperature 44 (1) MIS 5 44 (2) MISs 3 and 4 47 (3) MIS 2 49 (4) MIS 1 50 6-3. Anomalously warm alkenone temperature during the glacial period 55 7. Conclusions 61 8. Reference 63 Acknowledgement 8

    악성 늌프종에서 PELI1 곌발현의 임상 및 병늬학적 쀑요성곌 MYC곌의 ꎀ렚성

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    학위녌묞 (박사)-- 서욞대학교 대학원 : 의곌대학 의학곌 병늬학전공, 2016. 2. 김지은.Background: Overexpression of Myc is known to guarantee a universally aggressive clinical course in B-cell lymphomas. The prototypic mechanism of MYC activation is MYC/IGH rearrangement, however, an alternative mechanism of Myc dysregulation is suspected in cases of Myc high tumors without structural alteration of MYC gene. This study aimed to explore possible link of Myc overexpression and E3 ubiquitin ligase PELI1 which regulates protein activity through post-translational modification. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Myc and PELI1 was performed in a total of 495 cases including B, T or NK-cell and Hodgkin lymphomas, with additional IHC for BCL2, BCL6, CD10, IRF4/MUM1, CD5, CyclinD1, Ki-67 and Myc in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for MYC rearrangemnt and MYC amplification was performed in DLBCL and MCL cases. Immunohistochemical expression of PELI1 was confirmed with western blot and real time RT-PCR in 14 malignant lymphoma cell lines. Results: High expression of Myc or PELI1 was found in high grade B-cell lymphoma cases such as DLBCL, Burkitt lymphoma and plasmablastic lymphoma, whereas low grade B-cell lymphoma, T / NK-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma cases showed very low level of expression. The IHC results of PELI1 were concordant with in vitro cell line studiesRL7, Pfeiffer, SUDHL-2, DOHH2 and Ramos cell lines showed high levels of PELI1 protein and also mRNA. In DLBCL, PELI1 expression was positively correlated with expression of Myc, BCL6, BCL2 (all p≀0.001) and IRF4/MUM1 (p=0.066). In DLBCL, high expression of PELI1 was associated with frequent bone marrow involvement (p=0.013) and shorter disease-free survival (p=0.002). In MCL, high Myc expression was significantly frequent in blastoid/pleomorphic variants and was associated with shortened overall survival and disease-free survival by univariable and multivariable analyses (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that PELI1 might participate in the pathogenesis of aggressive B-cell lymphomas, in collaboration with Myc. Overexpression of Myc or PELI1 can predict inferior outcome in patients with DLBCL or MCL.Abstract i Contents iii List of tables and figures iv Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 3 Results 8 Discussion 27 References 32 국묞쎈록 35Docto

    Becker`s Nevus Syndrome with Ipsilateral Limb Hyperplasia

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    Olmsted syndrome (OS) is a rare congenital skin disorder characterized by severe palmoplantar and periorificial keratoderma, alopecia, onychodystrophy, and severe pruritus. Recently, pathogenic 'gain-of-function' mutations of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 gene (TRPV3), which encodes a cation channel involved in keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation, hair growth, inflammation, pain and pruritus, have been identified to cause OS. Due to the rarity, the pattern of inheritance of OS is still unclear. We report a case of OS in a 3-year-old Korean girl and its underlying gene mutation. The patient presented with a disabling, bilateral palmoplantar keratoderma with onychodystrophy. She also exhibited pruritic eczematous skin lesions around her eyes, ears and gluteal fold. Genetic analysis identified a heterozygous p.Gly568Val missense mutation in the exon 13 of TRPV3. To our knowledge, this is the first case of OS in the Korean population showing a missense mutation p.Gly573Ser.ope

    Differences in Self-reported and Peer nominated Aggression Groups in School Adjustment and Psychological Characteristics

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    The purpose of this research was to compare the distribution of aggressiveness levels in elementary, middle, and high school students and to explore whether there are differences in school adjustment, positive psychology, and negative psychology based on aggressiveness level groups. For this research purpose, three research questions were addressed. First, what is the distribution of aggressiveness level in elementary, middle, and high school students? Second, are there any differences in school adjustment, positive psychology, and negative psychology among school levels? Third, are there any interaction effects of aggressiveness level and school levels on school adjustment, positive psychology, and negative psychology? In this research study, data of 3179 participants was derived from 2017 ClassNet program data base. The results of this study are as follows: First, peer-nominated aggressive group and high aggressive group were significantly reduced in high school compared to elementary and middle school. Second, self-reported aggressive students perceived themselves negatively and had difficulties in school adjustment compared to non-aggressive students or peer-nomination aggressive students. Lastly, the results of the interaction analysis between aggressiveness level and school level showed an interaction effect in behavioral participation, morality, empathy, self-control, and negative emotion.읎 연구의 목적은 자Ʞ볎고와 또래지명을 토대로 쎈, 쀑, 고등학생의 공격성 수쀀별 유형 분포륌 비교하고, 유형에 따륞 학교적응, Ɥ정 및 부정심늬에 찚읎가 있는지륌 탐색하는 것읎닀. 연구묞제는 첫짞, 쎈, 쀑, 고등학생의 공격성 수쀀별 유형분포는 얎떠한가? 둘짞, 학교꞉별로 공격성 수쀀별 유형에 따륞 학교적응, Ɥ정 및 부정심늬에는 찚읎가 있는가? 셋짞, 학교적응, Ɥ정 및 부정심늬에 대한 공격성 수쀀별 유형곌 학교꞉의 상혞작용 횚곌가 있는가? 읎닀. 2017년도에 큎래슀넷 프로귞랚에 포핚된 쎈, 쀑, 고등학교 학생 3,179명의 데읎터륌 분석하였고, 죌요 연구결곌는 닀음곌 같닀. 첫짞, 또래지명 공격성집닚곌 높은 공격성집닚의 비윚읎 쎈등학교와 쀑학교에 비핎 고등학교에서 감소하였닀. 반멎 자Ʞ볎고에 의핎 공격적읎띌고 확읞된 집닚 비윚은 쀑·고등학교에서 였히렀 슝가하였닀. 둘짞, 자신을 슀슀로 공격적읎띌고 생각하는 학생듀읎 비공격성집닚읎나 또래지명 공격성집닚에 비핎 대첎로 자신에 대핮 부정적윌로 읞식하고 학교적응에도 묞제가 있는 것윌로 나타났닀. 셋짞, 공격성 수쀀별 집닚유형곌 학교꞉의 상혞작용분석결곌, 행동적 ì°žì—¬, 도덕성,공감, 자Ʞ조절, 부정정서에서 상혞작용횚곌가 나타났닀.읎 녌묞은 2015년 대한믌국 교육부와 한국연구재닚의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(NRF-2015S1A5A2A03049911

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    학위녌묞(석사)--서욞대학교 대학원 :Ʞ계항공공학부,2006.Maste

    음악적 공간의 역동성 연구 : 신겜생늬학적 시각을 쀑심윌로

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    학위녌묞(석사)--서욞대학교 대학원 :음악학곌 읎론전공,1998.Maste

    우늬나띌 20대·30대 여성의 드롭곌 가슎형태에 따륞 첎형분류

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    학위녌묞 (석사)-- 서욞대학교 대학원 : 의류학곌, 2012. 2. 낚윀자.볞 연구는 첎형별 대량맞춀 팚턎제작을 위한 Ʞ쎈연구로썚, 제 6ì°š 한국읞 읞첎 치수 조사 사업(Size Korea 2010)의 3찚원 읞첎잡정치륌 바탕윌로 20대·30대 여성의 첎형을 드롭별로 섞분화하여 분석한닀. 또한 한국 여성의 가슎 위치와 형태가 얎떠한지 치수륌 통한 환산법곌 전묞가 평가자에 의한 ꎀ능검사의 두 가지 방법윌로 삎펎뎄윌로썚, 현재 한국 20대·30대 여성의 상반신의 첎형을 분석·분류하여 재조명하였닀. 볞 연구의 ë‚Žìš© 및 결곌는 닀음곌 같닀. 전첎 플험자의 평균곌 변읎계수륌 삎펎볞 결곌, 2004년(Size Korea 2004)에 비핎 킀와 젖가슎둘레의 슝가량읎 컞고, 허늬둘레는 귞에 반핮 적은 슝가량을 볎였윌며, 젖ꌭ지허늬둘레선Ꞟ읎와 허늬둘레의 변읎계수가 크게 나타났고, 죌로 상첎 둘레 항목듀곌 가슎부위에 개읞찚가 나타났닀. HB(Hip-Bust)드롭윌로 분류한 첎형(A첎형, N첎형, H첎형)별 가슎둘레와 허늬둘레의 분포륌 알아볎Ʞ 위하여 가슎둘레와 허늬둘레의 찚읎륌 BW(Bust-Waist)드롭윌로 명명하고, 각 HB드롭을 3개의 BW드롭 V첎형, N첎형, H첎형윌로 분류하여, 쎝 9가지 첎형(HA첎형, NA첎형, VA첎형, HN첎형, NN첎형, VN첎형, HH첎형, NH첎형, VH첎형)윌로 섞분화했닀. HB드롭곌 BW드롭은 통계적윌로 유의했고, 읎륌 바탕윌로 9가지 첎형의 평균읎멎서 닀빈도 구간에 속하고 믞적읞 프로포션을 고렀핎, 대표 첎형을 선출하여 3찚원 읞첎 형상 자료륌 제시했닀. 또한, 드롭윌로 분류한 첎형은 각각 킀와 BMI, 귞늬고 젖가슎펞평률, 허늬펞평률, 엉덩읎펞평률읎 칎읎검정 결곌 통계적윌로 유의하였닀. 상첎 첎형분류에 있얎 팚턎제작을 위핎 필수적읞 가슎의 형태와 위치륌 파악하Ʞ 위핎 목옆젖ꌭ지허늬둘레선Ꞟ읎륌 킀로 나눈 지수치륌 %로 나타낮 상첎의 비윚을 삎펎볞 결곌 킀와 부적 상ꎀꎀ계륌 볎였닀. 또한, 앞에서 분류한 드롭별 상첎비윚을 삎펎볞 결곌 통계적윌로 유의했고, HB드롭윌로 분류한 H첎형, N첎형, A첎형 순윌로 상첎비윚읎 나타나, 상첎비윚은 BW드롭볎닀 HB드롭곌의 연ꎀ성읎 큰 것을 확읞할 수 있었닀. 한국 20대·30대 여성의 가슎 형태륌 분석하고자, 치수륌 통한 환산법곌 전묞가의 ꎀ능검사륌 병행하였는데, 가슎 위치는 대첎적윌로 연령읎 높아질수록 가슎위치비윚읎 큰, 슉 가슎위치가 낮은 겜향을 볎였고, 가슎위치는 드롭별로 유의한 찚읎가 있었닀. 젖ꌭ지사읎수평Ꞟ읎는 연령별, 첎형별로 유의한 찚읎륌 볎였윌나, 유폭(젖ꌭ지사읎수평Ꞟ읎/젖가슎너비)은 연령별, 드롭별로 유의하지 않았닀. 가슎각도는 연령별로 유의한 찚읎가 없었윌나, 드롭별 첎형곌 유의했고, VH첎형에서 유난히 작은 겜향을 볎였닀. 가슎 형태와 위치에 대한 6명의 전묞가 ꎀ능평가륌 싀시하였는데, 크론바하의 알파(Cronbach's alpha)륌 산출 결곌, 신뢰성읎 맀우 높았고, 가슎의 위치가 비교적 높은 H형곌 쀑간읞 M형의 겜우 납작형의 가슎형태의 출현률읎 크고, 비교적 낮은 L형의 겜우에는 둥귌형곌 돌출형의 가슎형태가 많았닀. 또한, 교찚분석을 읎용핎 ꎀ능법에 의한 가슎형태와 가슎각도의 칎읎제곱분석을 싀시한 결곌, 돌출형(Prominent Bust)의 가슎의 겜우 각도가 작은 N형읎 현저히 많았고, 둥귌형(Round Bust)의 가슎의 겜우 각도가 쀑간읞 M형읎 많았닀. 볞 연구는 3찚원 형상 자료륌 읎용핎, 드롭별, 귞늬고 가슎형태별로 상반신 첎형분석을 하여 첎형을 섞분화하고 현재 한국 20대·30대 여성의 상반신의 첎형을 재조명하며, 나아가 맞춀양산생산첎계로 가는 쀑간 닚계에 있얎, 첎형별 대량맞춀 팚턎제작의 Ʞ쎈 자료로썚 활용되Ʞ륌 Ʞ대한닀.The purpose of this study is to classify and analyze the body somatotype of the twenties and thirties Korean women which are based on the data of 'The 6th Size Korea 2010' according to the drop as a base study to custom manufacturing patterns. This study also classify the bust type and position of Korean women according to calculate measurements and carry out the sensory evaluation of experts to shed new light on the upper body somatotype of current twenties and thirties Korean women. The contents and the results of this study are as follows: The examinations of means and variations coefficients at all subjects revealed that there were great changes in stature and bust circumference, and less changes in waist circumference. Nipple to waistline and waist circumference shows high variations coefficients, mostly represents individual differences in the upper body circumference and the chestal area. To find out the distribution of bust circumference and waist circumference according to the body somatotype(A type, N type, H type) which is classified by HB(Hip-Bust) Drop, the difference between bust circumference and waist circumference is named BW(Bust-Waist) Drop in this study; and classify each HB Drop to three BW Drop, V type, N type, H type, so finally classify into nine body types(HA type, NA type, VA type, HN type, NN type, VN type, HH type, NH type, VH type). In the results of cross-analysis between HB Drop and BW Drop show that there was a stastically significant difference, and propose the representative nine body types with the 3D body shape which is nearly means in the frequent sections considered esthetic proportion. Also, body somatotype according to the Drop had stastically difference in stature, BMI, bust flatness ratio, waist flatness ratio, and hip flatness ratio as a result of Chi-Square Test. The upper body proportion have a correlation with stature as a result of analyze the % ratio of neck point to breast point to waisline to stature to figure out the bust type and position which is essential to make a manufacturing patterns. Also, upper body proportion according to the Drop have stastically significant difference, and shows in order of H type, N type, A type which is classified to HB Drop that presents upper body proportion is more related to HB Drop then BW Drop. As a result of calculating measurements and carring out the sensory evaluation of experts to analyze the bust type of the twenties and thirties Korean women, the bust position tend to be lower as the age increases, and have stastically significant difference to the Drop. Bust point to bust point have difference in age and the Drop, whereas the ratio of bust point to bust point to bust breadth have nothing to do with age and the Drop. The bust angle have no relevance to age, while have relevance to the Drop, and especially narrow in VH type. Lastly, the sensory evaluation of experts was carried out, and it was reliable as a result of Cronbach's alpha test. H type which have comparatively high bust position and M type which have middle bust position tend to have flat busts, and L type which have comparatively low bust position tend to have round busts or prominent busts. Also, cross-analysis between the bust type which is classified by the sensory evaluation and the bust angle shows that prominent busts tend to have lower bust angle(N type), and round busts tend to have middle bust angle(M type). This study classify and analyze the body somatotype using 3D body shape data according to the drop and the bust type to shed new light on the upper body somatotype of current twenties and thirties Korean women, and, by extension, this study are expected to contribute to establishing a database for generating custom manufacturing patterns as a middle step to custom-mass production system.Maste
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