40 research outputs found
Influence of synthesis on composite/laminated starchgelatine based biopolymer film properties
Biopolymer films have an increasing share in the packaging material sector due to a number of advantages: availability, cheapness, easy processing, degradability, etc. On the other hand, numerous methods have been developed to optimize their unfavorable properties (weaker mechanical characteristics, hydrophilicity, etc.). This paper examines the influence of the synthesis method on starch-gelatin films properties. The starch-gelatin film was synthesized in a ratio 1:1 as a composite film (C). The second sample was obtained by gelatin film lamination on starch film (L). Plain starch film was used as a control (0). Mechanical, structural and physico-chemical properties of importance for the application of packaging materials were tested on the obtained samples. All the obtained biopolymer films were transparent and easy to handle. FTIR spectroscopy identified all characteristic groups and bonds formed in composite and laminated films. The results showed a significant contribution of gelatin in the developed biopolymer films compared to the control sample. Gelatin incorporated as a film component or as a separate layer improved mechanical properties and water solubility. Slight differences were observed between composite and laminated films because the effect of the method of added gelatin is minimal compared to the sample without the addition of gelatin
Influence of synthesis on composite/laminated starch-gelatine based biopolymer film properties
Biopolymer films have an increasing share in the packaging material sector due to a number of advantages: availability, cheapness, easy processing, degradability, etc. On the other hand, numerous methods have been developed to optimize their unfavorable properties (weaker mechanical characteristics, hydrophilicity, etc.). This paper examines the influence of the synthesis method on starch-gelatin films properties. The starch-gelatin film was synthesized in a ratio 1:1 as a composite film (C). The second sample was obtained by gelatin film lamination on starch film (L). Plain starch film was used as a control (0). Mechanical, structural and physico-chemical properties of importance for the application of packaging materials were tested on the obtained samples. All the obtained biopolymer films were transparent and easy to handle. FTIR spectroscopy identified all characteristic groups and bonds formed in composite and laminated films. The results showed a significant contribution of gelatin in the developed biopolymer films compared to the control sample. Gelatin incorporated as a film component or as a separate layer improved mechanical properties and water solubility. Slight differences were observed between composite and laminated films because the effect of the method of added gelatin is minimal compared to the sample without the addition of gelatin
Influence of synthesis on composite/laminated starch-gelatine based biopolymer film properties
Biopolymer films have an increasing share in the packaging material sector due to a number of advantages: availability, cheapness, easy processing, degradability, etc. On the other hand, numerous methods have been developed to optimize their unfavorable properties (weaker mechanical characteristics, hydrophilicity, etc.). This paper examines the influence of the synthesis method on starch-gelatin films properties. The starch-gelatin film was synthesized in a ratio 1:1 as a composite film (C). The second sample was obtained by gelatin film lamination on starch film (L). Plain starch film was used as a control (0). Mechanical, structural and physico-chemical properties of importance for the application of packaging materials were tested on the obtained samples. All the obtained biopolymer films were transparent and easy to handle. FTIR spectroscopy identified all characteristic groups and bonds formed in composite and laminated films. The results showed a significant contribution of gelatin in the developed biopolymer films compared to the control sample. Gelatin incorporated as a film component or as a separate layer improved mechanical properties and water solubility. Slight differences were observed between composite and laminated films because the effect of the method of added gelatin is minimal compared to the sample without the addition of gelatin
Application of life cycle assessment in the packaging sector for the environmental assessment of polymer and biopolymer based materials: A review
Among many important requirements for packaging materials, environmental friendliness is a property that has become necessary for any material that needs to be competitive in the market. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is an analytical instrument that provides a framework for analyzing the impact of products and services on the environment, i.e. provides an understanding and the possibility of comparing different products. LCA studies the use of resources and the consequent emissions of pollutants on the environment during the entire life of a product from raw materials exploitation, through production, use and treatment at the end of the life cycle - recycling and final disposal. This paper will provide an overview of the LCA results of various commercial polymer packaging materials, as well as the results of LCAs of biopolymer materials. Although LCA faces the problem of data heterogeneity, since some studies focused on individual segments of the analysis, while some related to all aspects of the process, as well with the problem of interpreting heterogeneous results, because the output parameters were arbitrarily selected by the researcher, still it could be concluded that the available LCA studies and environmental assessments support further development of biobased polymers. When comparing biopolymer materials with commercial synthetic polymers, they have advantages - lower consumption of fossil fuels and lower emission rate of greenhouse gases from the whole life cycle
DEM analysis of the granular flow in the static mixers
StatiÄke meÅ”alice se koriste za meÅ”anje pre glavnog procesa meÅ”anja, Äime se znaÄajno smanje vreme meÅ”anja i potroÅ”nja energije. U ovom radu, prikazana je upotreba metode diskretnih elemenata (engl. Discrete Element Method - DEM) na modelovanje meÅ”anja granula u razliÄitim konfiguracijama statiÄkih meÅ”aÄa (koriÅ”Äene su razliÄite Komax i Ross konfiguracije za meÅ”anje). Za modelovanje protoka fluida primenjena je metoda numeriÄke mehanike fluida (engl. Computational Fluid Dynamic - CFD), koriÅ”Äenjem Ojlerovog dvofaznog modela. Povezivanjem rezultata ove dve metode dobija se pouzdan, dovoljno taÄan i adekvatan model koji daje rezultate koji odgovaraju eksperimentalnim merenjima. StatiÄke meÅ”alice se Å”iroko koriste u industiji prerade hrane, farmaceutskoj ili hemijskoj industriji. Ovaj tip meÅ”alice se koristi uglavnom kao predmeÅ”aÄ, pre glavnog meÅ”anja, pri Äemu se znaÄajno smanjuje vreme meÅ”anja i Å”tedi energija. Za potrebe ovog rada, napravljene su statiÄke meÅ”alice tipa Ross i Komax od providnog pleksiglasa, dizajnirane u CAD paketu, napravljene koriÅ”Äenjem CNC glodalice. PoÅ”to su napravljeni elementi bili prozirni, praÄenje procesa meÅ”anja granula je bilo i vizuelno. PraÄene su i analizirane trajektorije, brzine i ubrzanja Äestica, u cilju procene kvaliteta procesa meÅ”anja. Glavni cilj ovog Älanka je da odreÄivanje ponaÅ”anja granula koje se gravitaciono transportuju u razliÄitim konfiguracijama meÅ”alica i odabir najbolje konfiguracije meÅ”alice, uzimajuÄi u obzir ukupnu trajektoriju granule, broj elemenata za meÅ”anje i kvalitet dobijene smeÅ”e. Rezultati numeriÄke simulacije statiÄkih meÅ”alica uporeÄeni su sa eksperimentalnim rezultatima, a kvalitet meÅ”anja ispitivan je kriterijumom relativne standardne devijacije. Uticaji tipa meÅ”alice i broja elemenata za meÅ”anje na proces meÅ”anja su prouÄavani analizom varijanse (ANOVA).Static mixer is used for premixing action before the main mixing process, for significant reduction of mixing time and energy consumption. In this article, the novel numerical approach called Discrete Element Method is used for modeling of granular flow in multiple static mixer applications, while the Computational Fluid Dynamic method was chosen for fluid flow modeling. The main aim of this article is to predict the behaviour of granules being gravitationally transported in different mixer configuration and to choose the best configuration of the mixer taking into account the total particle path, the number of mixing elements and the quality of the obtained mixture. The results of the numerical simulations in the static mixers were compared to experimental results, the mixing quality is examined by relative standard deviation criterion. The effects of the mixer type and the number of mixing elements on mixing process were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA)
DEM analysis of the granular flow in the static mixers
StatiÄke meÅ”alice se koriste za meÅ”anje pre glavnog procesa meÅ”anja, Äime se znaÄajno smanje vreme meÅ”anja i potroÅ”nja energije. U ovom radu, prikazana je upotreba metode diskretnih elemenata (engl. Discrete Element Method - DEM) na modelovanje meÅ”anja granula u razliÄitim konfiguracijama statiÄkih meÅ”aÄa (koriÅ”Äene su razliÄite Komax i Ross konfiguracije za meÅ”anje). Za modelovanje protoka fluida primenjena je metoda numeriÄke mehanike fluida (engl. Computational Fluid Dynamic - CFD), koriÅ”Äenjem Ojlerovog dvofaznog modela. Povezivanjem rezultata ove dve metode dobija se pouzdan, dovoljno taÄan i adekvatan model koji daje rezultate koji odgovaraju eksperimentalnim merenjima. StatiÄke meÅ”alice se Å”iroko koriste u industiji prerade hrane, farmaceutskoj ili hemijskoj industriji. Ovaj tip meÅ”alice se koristi uglavnom kao predmeÅ”aÄ, pre glavnog meÅ”anja, pri Äemu se znaÄajno smanjuje vreme meÅ”anja i Å”tedi energija. Za potrebe ovog rada, napravljene su statiÄke meÅ”alice tipa Ross i Komax od providnog pleksiglasa, dizajnirane u CAD paketu, napravljene koriÅ”Äenjem CNC glodalice. PoÅ”to su napravljeni elementi bili prozirni, praÄenje procesa meÅ”anja granula je bilo i vizuelno. PraÄene su i analizirane trajektorije, brzine i ubrzanja Äestica, u cilju procene kvaliteta procesa meÅ”anja. Glavni cilj ovog Älanka je da odreÄivanje ponaÅ”anja granula koje se gravitaciono transportuju u razliÄitim konfiguracijama meÅ”alica i odabir najbolje konfiguracije meÅ”alice, uzimajuÄi u obzir ukupnu trajektoriju granule, broj elemenata za meÅ”anje i kvalitet dobijene smeÅ”e. Rezultati numeriÄke simulacije statiÄkih meÅ”alica uporeÄeni su sa eksperimentalnim rezultatima, a kvalitet meÅ”anja ispitivan je kriterijumom relativne standardne devijacije. Uticaji tipa meÅ”alice i broja elemenata za meÅ”anje na proces meÅ”anja su prouÄavani analizom varijanse (ANOVA).Static mixer is used for premixing action before the main mixing process, for significant reduction of mixing time and energy consumption. In this article, the novel numerical approach called Discrete Element Method is used for modeling of granular flow in multiple static mixer applications, while the Computational Fluid Dynamic method was chosen for fluid flow modeling. The main aim of this article is to predict the behaviour of granules being gravitationally transported in different mixer configuration and to choose the best configuration of the mixer taking into account the total particle path, the number of mixing elements and the quality of the obtained mixture. The results of the numerical simulations in the static mixers were compared to experimental results, the mixing quality is examined by relative standard deviation criterion. The effects of the mixer type and the number of mixing elements on mixing process were studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA)