Karbon tetraklorür ile kronik karaciğer hasarı oluşturulan ratlarda nar suyu ve tarçın kabuk yağının koruyucu etkileri

Bu çalışma, Karbon tetra klorür (CCl4) ile kronik karaciğer hasarı oluşturulan ratlarda nar suyu (PJ) ve tarçın kabuk yağının (CBO) muhtemel koruyucu etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışma kontrol, PJ, CBO, CCl4, CCl4+PJ ve CCl4+CBO olmak üzere altı grup olarak gerçekleştirildi. Tüm uygulamalar gavaj yoluyla yapıldı. PJ, CBO ve CCl4 uygulama dozları sırasıyla 5 mL/kg/gün, 100 mg/kg/gün, 0.25 mg/kg/gün şeklinde ayarlandı. CCl4uygulamasıkaraciğer malondialdehit (MDA) düzeyinde ve apoptotik hücre indeksinde belirgin bir yükselmeye neden olurken, şiddetli karaciğer harabiyeti nedeniyle antioksidan belirteçlerin düzeylerinde de belirgin bir azalmaya neden oldu. CCl4 ile birlikte PJ ve CBO verilen gruplarda ise azalmış antioksidan belirteçlerde belirgin yükselme, artmış MDA düzeyleri, artmış apoptotik hücre indeksi ve safra kanal hiperplazisi, hidropik dejenerasyon ile periportal hücre infiltrasyonu dışında diğer tüm karaciğer lezyonlarının şiddetinde belirgin azalma tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak PJ ve CBO'nun ratlarda CCl4 ile oluşturulan karaciğer harabiyetini önlemek için etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. PJ ve CBO'nun karaciğer koruyucu etkileri muhtemelen CCl4 ile oluşturulan karaciğerdeki oksidatif stresi engelleyerek apoptozis ve fibrogenezisi azaltmalarından kaynaklanmaktadır.The aim of this study was to investigate the probable hepatoprotective effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) and cinnamon bark oil (CBO) ingestion on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced chronic damages in liver tissues of rats. The study comprised of six treatment groups as control, PJ, CBO, CCl4, CCl4+PJ and CCl4+CBO. All administrations were done by gavage. The administration doses of PJ, CBO and CCl4 were 5 mL/kg/day, 100 mg/kg/day, and 0.25 mL/kg/week, respectively. CCl4treatment caused a significant increase in the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level, apoptotic cell index, and a significant decrease in the antioxidant markers along with severe lesions. Both PJ and CBO administrations to the CCl4-treated rats significantly increased the antioxidant markers, and significantly decreased the MDA level, apoptotic cell index and the severity of all hepatic lesions except bile duct hyperplasia, hydropic degeneration and periportal cell infiltrations. The results of this study demonstrate that PJ and CBO are effective for the prevention of CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats. The hepatoprotective effects of PJ and CBO are possibly due to the reductions in liver fibrogenesis and apoptosis associated with the prevention of CCl4-induced oxidative stress

Eugenol and glycyrrhizic acid inhibit azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis via inducing apoptosis

*Doğru, Mustafa Selim ( Aksaray, Yazar )The high mortality of cancer is one of the crucial problems in human beings especially colorectal carcinoma (CRC) with higher morbidity (2nd grade) required new prevention approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential chemopreventive effects of eugenol (EU) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colorectal cancer in rats. In the study, 80 Sprague Dawley male rats were used. The rats were randomly divided into eight groups as follows: Control, AOM (15mg/kg bw., sc, once a week for two weeks), EU (EU 100 mg/kg bw., gavage), GA (GA 15 mg/kg bw., gavage), EU+GA, AOM+EU, AOM+GA, and AOM+EU+GA. All the rats except those in the control and AOM groups were treated with EU and GA for 16 weeks. At the end of the study, the colon tissues were examined in terms of Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) and histopathology. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, were evaluated biochemically in colon tissue. In addition, Bax, Bel 2 and p53 protein expressions in colon samples were determined by Western blotting. In the colon tissues of rats treated with AOM, MDA levels and CAT activities were found out to increase, whereas GSH levels and SOD activities decreased. On the other hand, AOM treatment increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio but downregulated p53 and Bax expressions. In the histopathological examination, an increase was detected in ACF numbers and malignant tumoral lesions. The use of EU+GA decreased oxidative stress and ACF numbers, induced apoptosis, and upregulated p53 expression in AOM-treated rats. In conclusion, EU+GA was determined to be more effective against colorectal cancer when compared with the other treatment groups

Dietary rosemary oil alleviates heat stress-induced structural and functional damage through lipid peroxidation in the testes of growing Japanese quail

Supplementation of natural antioxidants to diets of male poultry has been reported to be effective in reducing or completely eliminating heat stress (HS)-induced reproductive failures. In this study, the aim is to investigate whether rosemary oil (RO) has a protective effect on HS-induced damage in spermatozoa production, testicular histologic structures, apoptosis, and androgenic receptor (AR) through lipid peroxidation mechanisms in growing Japanese quail. Male chicks (n = 90) at 15-days of age were assigned to two groups. The first group (n = 45) was kept in a thermo-neutral (TN) room at 22◦C for 24 h/d. The second group (n = 45) was kept in a room with a greater ambient temperature of 34◦C for 8 h/d (from 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM) and 22◦C for 16 h/d. Animals in each of these two groups were randomly assigned to three subgroups (RO groups: 0, 125, 250 ppm), consisting of 15 chicks (six treatment groups in 2 × 3 factorial design). Each of subgroups was replicated three times with each replicate including five chicks. The HS treatment significantly reduced the testicular spermatogenic cell counts, amount of testicular Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic marker) and amount of AR. In addition, it significantly increased testicular lipid peroxidation, Bax (apop-totic marker) immunopositive staining, and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in conjunction with some histopathologic damage. Dietary supplementation of RO to diets of quail where the HS treatment was imposed alleviated HS-induced almost all negative changes such as increased testicular lipid peroxidation, decreased numbers of spermatogenic cells, and decreased amounts of Bcl-2 and AR, increased ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and some testicular histopathologic lesion. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of RO for growing male Japanese quail reared in HS environmental conditions alleviates the HS-induced structural and functional damage by providing a decrease in lipid peroxidation