23 research outputs found

    A Study on the Flexibility of Body Ownership

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    近年來對於橡膠手錯覺(Rubber Hand Illusion)的研究指出,身體歸屬感(The sense of body ownership)有許多限制的因素,但它仍舊可以有相當大的展延性。為了要了解這些限制的極限,確切地思考此身體歸屬感到底能有多大的展延性,就顯得非常重要了。除此之外,哲學現象學上將與身體相關的自我意識區分成“做為主體之身體”(body-as-subject)及“做為對象之身體”(body-as-object)兩種不能同時發生的身體經驗,此二分法也形成身體歸屬感理論上的限制。在本研究中,針對此議題我用以下問題來探討:(1)正常的人是否有可能經歷擁有四隻手的錯覺經驗?(2)人是否可以同時擁有“做為主體之身體”及“做為對象之身體”的經驗?當受試者帶上頭戴式立體顯示器(HMD)時,會將實驗者的第一人稱觀點(1PP)當成自己的第一人稱觀點(adopted 1PP)。受試者與實驗者面對面而坐,在兩隻手條件下,受試者從adopted 1PP的觀點看到實驗者的兩隻手。在四隻手條件下,受試者除了從adopted 1PP看到的兩隻手之外,同時從第三人稱觀點(adopted 3PP)看到自己的兩隻手在自己對面。受試者感受到自己的真手與看到的手正在同步或不同步地被刷。 我發現:(1)在“被動的兩隻手”實驗中,同步的刷手會引發新式樣的橡膠手錯覺。(2)在“被動的四隻手”實驗中,受試者主觀感受到的觸覺位置與手的歸屬感是可以分離的。(3)在“主動的四隻手”實驗中,受試者被要求要彈動雙手食指,而實驗者模仿受試者的動作。當四隻手同步地做相同的動作時,令人驚訝地發現,有高達68%的受試者同意或非常同意:“我曾覺得好像多了兩隻手”。膚電反應(SCR)客觀的量測也支持此一結果。此實驗呈現出身體歸屬感的展延性,遠超乎以前研究者所建議的程度。 我用本研究成果來探究Tsakiris(2010)對身體歸屬感所提出的“認知神經模型”(neurocognitive model of body ownership)理論,並論述該理論未涵蓋動作感及視覺觀點的不足。哲學上對身體歸屬感理論上二分法的限制,本研究提出了一個有力的反證。本研究結果指出,受試者對1PP-hands做動作的手既作為經驗的主體,也同時將它作為經驗的客體。 本行為研究的實驗成果,率先證實正常人可以產生擁有四隻手的主觀經驗。基於此結果,將來可以進一步做神經科學的探討。對於身體歸屬感與動作感二者的關係,我建議採用task-related functional connectivity的研究方法,這是我未來的研究方向。Recent studies of the rubber hand illusion (RHI) have shown that the sense of body ownership is constrained by several factors, yet is still very flexible. In order to increase our understanding, one significant aspect to consider is exactly how flexible our sense of body ownership really is. The distinction between “body-as-subject” and “body-as-object” in phenomenology forms a theoretical constraint regarding the sense of body ownership. According to this phenomenological constraint, a subject cannot experience his/her own body or body-parts both as-subject and as-object simultaneously. In this study, this issue is addressed by investigating the following questions: (1) Is it possible to have the illusion of owning four hands? and (2)Is it possible to experience body-as-subject and body-as-object at the same time? Using a head mounted display (HMD), the participant adopted the experimenter’s first-person perspective (1PP) as if it were his/her own. Sitting face to face, the participant saw either two or four hands—the experimenter’s two hands from the adopted 1PP and/or the subject’s own two hands in the opposite direction from an adopted third-person perspective (3PP)—being stroked synchronously or asynchronously. In an active four-handed condition, the participants were asked to tap their index fingers, while the experimenter imitated their movements. The result showed that in the passive two-hand condition, synchronous touching induced a variant of the RHI. In the passive four-hand condition, subjective tactile location could be dissociated from the sense of hand ownership. Strikingly, in the active condition, once all four hands began to act in the same pattern synchronously, many participants (68%) agreed or strongly agreed with the statement “I felt as if I had two more hands.” Supported by skin conductance response (SCR) measurements, these results show that the sense of body ownership is much more flexible than what most research has previously suggested. I investigate the “neurocognitive model of body ownership” proposed by Tsakiris (2010) in light of this study and argue that his model should be complemented by the involvement of the sense of agency and visual perspective, which were neglected completely in the previous model. Furthermore, a key component of the four-hand illusion provides an important counter-example against the distinction between body-as-object and body-as-subject. I try to show that it is possible for healthy participant to experience both body-as-subject and for body-as-object simultaneously. This behavioral study showed for the first time that it is possible to induce a “four-hand illusion” with healthy participants. Based on this result, further neuroscientific research is needed to discover the neural mechanism underpinning the sense of body ownership. I suggest that investigating Task-related functional connectivity will help determine the neural basis that underlies the relationship between a sense of body ownership and a sense of agency

    預熱塞設計與分析

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    [[abstract]]本專題研究目的希望設計一個改變或調整的方式,達到控制溫度,同時能夠把活塞桿對閥門向下的反推力使閥門開啟的節溫器(Thermostat),能夠有效的調節溫度;實驗過程中以特性與研究方式產生實驗數據,藉由評估,逐步修正後,並以此設計建立考量溫度控制範圍與調整方法,並克服製作加工過程及實體的測試裡所產生的困難及問題點,製作出符合指定溫度的實體,測試修正後作為本專題研究最後的產出作品

    預熱塞設計與分析

    No full text
    [[abstract]]本專題研究目的希望設計一個改變或調整的方式,達到控制溫度,同時能夠把活塞桿對閥門向下的反推力使閥門開啟的節溫器(Thermostat),能夠有效的調節溫度;實驗過程中以特性與研究方式產生實驗數據,藉由評估,逐步修正後,並以此設計建立考量溫度控制範圍與調整方法,並克服製作加工過程及實體的測試裡所產生的困難及問題點,製作出符合指定溫度的實體,測試修正後作為本專題研究最後的產出作品

    以台灣野生蓖麻草籽培製生質油之專題研究

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    [[abstract]]生質柴油是由植物油脂或動物脂肪經過轉酯化程序而製成,屬於再生能源的一種,具有生物可分解和無毒等特性,且使用後所排放之廢氣汙染較石化柴油低,為環境友善型燃料。近年來,因為石油價格一直上漲,而股市一蹶不振,並且石油來源受限等等因素,再加上石油的使用持續增加,擴大了局部空氣汙染及全球溫室效應現象,使得以動植物油脂製造的生質柴油受到重視,因此發展此一替代燃料。 本研究利用發電機進行生質柴油性能測試分析,探討不同調配比例之生質柴油對引擎性能與汙染排放之影響,並經過過濾、轉脂、水洗、去水份等四步驟,評估最佳摻配使用方式,最後製造出最清澈的生質柴油。同時針對日後於國內全面推廣使用生質柴油時,規劃推動策略

    台三線浪漫客庄之遊程規劃與行銷

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    [[abstract]]配合中央推動「國家級臺三線客庄浪漫大道方案」 由中央規劃「國家級臺三線客庄浪漫大道方案」,目前客委會規畫台三線上,從桃園的平鎮到龍潭,新竹的關西到峨眉,苗栗的頭份到卓蘭,台中的東勢到新社等四縣市16鄉鎮150公里,將臺三線豐富的人文、生態、產業,啟動客家文藝復興,帶動青壯人才回流或移居,再造客庄新生命。客委會主委李永得曾表示,浪漫臺三線,就是要用客家獨特的,有它樸實的一個客家美學,美學客家美學,用我們客家在地的歷史和文化,來創造新的在地的經濟,還有帶動在地的生活。 實踐「慢食、慢遊、慢活」生活理念 苗栗縣三義鄉、南庄鄉於2016年獲得義大利國際慢城認證,是全國唯一擁有雙慢城認證的幸福城市。苗栗縣政府也配合國際慢城日舉辦一系列慢城活動,內容涵蓋農事體驗、親子路跑、異國美食、音樂會、藝術展覽等,邀請民眾來苗栗坐客,享受健康的在地美食,感受苗栗慢生活。臺三線多為好山好水的山城小鎮,頗有世外桃源的風情,在多元族群融合下,擁有豐富的人文氣息;「慢城」的生活概念,以其多采多姿的內容,有最新鮮的在地美食,最有趣的農事體驗,最優美的傳統工藝及美景,民眾可放鬆心情,自由品味其中樂趣
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